Bagian II OTOMASI DANTEKNOLOGI KENDALI

BAB: 4. Introduction to Automation5. Industrial Control Systems6. Hardware Components for Automation and Process

Control7. Numerical Control8. Industrial Robotics9. Discrete Control Using Programmable Logic

Controllers and Personal Computers

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Oleh Mahros Darsin diterjemahkan dari buku Groover

Otomasi dan Teknologi KendaliDalam Sistem Produksi

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Bab 4 Pengantar Otomasi

Bagian:1. Elemen Dasar sebuah Sistem Otomatis2. Fungsi Otomasi Lanjut3. Tingkat Otomasi

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Definisi Otomasi

Otomasi adalah teknologi yang dengannya proses atau prosedurdilaksanakan tanpa bantuan manusia.Elemen dasar sebuah sistem otomatis:1. Daya – untuk menjalankan proses dan mengoperasikan

sistem otomatis tersebut2. Program perintah – untuk mengarahkan proses3. Sistem Kendali – untuk meggerakkan perintah

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Elemen sebuah Sistem Otomatis

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Daya untuk Menjalankan Proses Otomatis

Daya untuk prosesUntuk mengemudikan prosesnya sendiriUntuk mengunggah dan mengunduh unit kerja Memindahkan di antara operasi

Daya untuk OtomasiUnit pengendaliDaya untuk menjalankan sinyal kendali Akuisisi data dan pemrosesan informasi

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Listrik -Sumber Daya Utama

Tersedia luas dengan harga terjangkauDapat langsung dikonversi menjadi energi bentuk lain, misal:mekanis, thermal, cahaya, dll.Daya level rendah dapat digunakan untuk transmisi sinyal, pemrosesan data dan komunikasiDapat disimpan dalam baterai tahan lama

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Program Perintah

Serangkaian perintah yang menjelaskan urutan langkah dalam siklus kerja dan rincian tiap langkahContoh: CNC part programDalam tiap langkah:ada satu atau beberapa aktivitasmelibatkan perubahan pada satu atau lebih parameter proses

Contoh:Pengaturan suhu pada sebuah tungkuPosisi sumbu pada sistem pemosisian Motor on atau off

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Pengambilan Keputusan dalam sebuah Siklus Kerja Terprogram

Berikut ini adalah contoh siklus kerja otomatis saat pengambilanKeputusan diperlukan:

Interaksi Operator Automated teller machine (ATM)

Komponen atau produk berbeda bentuk diproses dengan sebuah sistem

Siklus robot pengelas untuk model mobil dua pintu atau empat pintu.

Variasi pada unit kerja permulaan Permesinan tambahan untuk kelebihan dimensi hasil cor

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Tampilan sebuah Program Siklus Kerja

Jumlah langkah dalam siklus kerjaKeterlibatan manual dalam siklus kerja (mis. mengunggahdan menurunkan benda kerjaParameter proses – berapa banyak yang harus dikendalikan?Interaksi operator – apakah operator masuk ke pemrosesan data?

Variasi corak mode pada komponen atau produkVariasi dalam unit kerja permulaan – beberapa penyesuaianpalam parameter proses diperlukan untuk mengompensasiperbedaan pada unit permulaannya

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Sistem Kendali – Dua Tipe

1. Closed-loop (feedback) control system – sebuah sistem dengan variabel luaran dibandingkan dengan parameter masukandan jika ada perbedaan diantara keduanya, ini akan dipakaiuntuk menggerakkan luaran agar sesuai dengan masukan.

2. Open-loop control system – bekerja tanpa umpan balikLebih sederhana dan lebih murahResiko bahwa aktuator tidak akan merupakan efek kesengajaan

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

(a) Feedback Control System and(b) Open-Loop Control System

(a)

(b)

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Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Sistem Pemosisian MenggunakanFeedback Control

Sebuah sumbu sistem pemosisian terdiri atas sebuah leadscrewyang digerakkan oleh sebuah motor servo DC dan menggunakanencoder optis sebagai sensor umpan balik.

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Jika Menggunakan sebuahOpen-Loop Control System

Aksi dilakukan dengan sistem kendali yang sederhanaFungsi pergerakan adalah sangat dipercaya.Jika ada reaksi menentang pergerakan maka gaya reaksi tersebutcukup kecil untuk memengaruhi pergerakan.Jika kondisi tsb di atas tidak terpenuhi, maka sistem kendali tertutup harus digunakan.

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Fungsi Otomasi Lanjut

1. Pemanatauan keselamatan2. Diagnosa perawatan dan perbaikan3. Deteksi kesalahan dan perbaikan

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Pemantauan Keselamatan

Menggunakan sensor untuk melacak operasi sistem dan mengidentifikasi keadaan tidak aman atau berpotensi tak aman.Alasan memantau keselamtan

Melindungi pekerja dan peralatanKemungkinan respon terhadap bahaya:

Penghentian istem secara menyeluruhMenyuarakan alarmPengurangan laju proses operasiPengambilan aksi perbaikan untuk kembali dari ancaman bahaya

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Diagnosa Perawatan dan Perbaikan

Pemantauan StatusMemantau dan merekam status sensor kunci dan parameterselama sistem operasi.

Diagnosa kegagalanMenmberitahukan jika terjadi ketidakfungsianTujuan: manganalisis nilai terekam sehingga penyebabketidakfungsian dapat diidentifikasi.

Rekomendasi prosedur perbaikanMenyediakan prosedur yang direkomendasi bagi kruperbaikan untuk melaksanakan tugasnya

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Pendeteksian Kesalahan dan Pemulihan

1. Pendeteksian Kesalahan – fungsi:Menggunakan sensor yang tersedia pada sistem untuk menentukan kapan penyimpangan atau ketidakfungsian telah terjadi.

Menerjemahkan dengan benar sinyal sensor.

Mengklasifikasi kesalahan.

2. Pemulihan dari kesalahan – strategi yang mungkin:Membuat penyesuaian pada akhir siklus kerja

Membuat penyesuaian selama siklus kerja yang sedang berlangsung

Menghentikan proses untuk melakukan tindakan perbaikan

Menghentikan proses dan minta bantuan©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.

No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the bookAutomation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Tingkatan Otomasi

1. Tingkat peralatan – actuators, sensors, dan komponen perangkat keras lainnya, membentuk loop kendali individual untukmenuju ke tingkat berikutnya

2. Tingkat Mesin – mesin perkakas CNC dan peralatan produksi sejenis itu, robot industri, peralatan pembawa bahan

3. Tingkat Cell atau sistem – manufacturing cell or system4. Tingkat Pabrik – factory or production systems level5. Enterprise level – corporate information system

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

Levels of Automation

©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book

Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.