2 analysis of a standalone photvoltaic

2012 Husnain-Al-Bustam, Md. Zakaria Mahbub, M. M. Shuvro Shahriar, T.M. Iftakhar Uddin

& Md. Abrar Saad. Benech.This is

a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in

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Global Journal of researches in engineering Electrical and electronics engineering Volume 12 Issue 3 Version 1.0 March 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

By Husnain-Al-Bustam, Md. Zakaria Mahbub, M. M. Shuvro Shahriar, T.M. Iftakhar Uddin & Md. Abrar Saad

Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract - This paper represents mathematical and computational modeling of standalone PV power generation system using the PVSYST software. This kind of solar energy utilizing system is becoming more and more popular especially in the developing countries. The cost of electrical energy produced by photovoltaic solar power generator can be reduced by the optimization of panel tiling, the capitation area and the storage capacity. The main factor of this research work is that our country Bangladesh is facing acute problem in the energy sector. According to the expert opinion the reserve of natural gas may run out by 2015 and majority of the electricity is produced in Bangladesh using the natural gas. So in near future, our only hope is the renewable energy. This standalone PV power generation will be used in the home for the electrification purpose. It will be useful in the rural areas, in remote islands and in time load shedding the urban areas.

Keywords : Bangladeh, Computational, Mathematical, Modeling, Photovoltaic, Power, PVSYST, Solar, Standalone.


Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

GJRE-F Classification : FOR Code: 090607


Husnain-Al-Bustam , Md. Zakaria Mahbub , M. M. Shuvro Shahriar , T.M. Iftakhar Uddin

& Md. Abrar Saad

Abstract

-

This paper represents mathematical and computational modeling of standalone PV

power generation system using the PVSYST

software. This kind of solar energy utilizing system is becoming more and more popular especially in the developing countries. The cost of electrical energy produced by photovoltaic solar power generator can be reduced by the optimization of panel tiling, the capitation area and the storage capacity. The main factor of this research work is that our country Bangladesh is facing acute problem in the energy sector. According to the expert opinion the reserve of natural gas may run out by 2015 and majority of the electricity is produced in Bangladesh using the natural gas. So in near future, our only hope is the renewable energy. This standalone PV

power generation will be used in the home for the electrification purpose. It will be useful in the rural areas, in remote islands and in time load shedding the urban areas.

Keywords :

Bangladeh, Computational, Mathematical, Modeling, Photovoltaic,

Power, PVSYST, Solar, Standalone.

I.

INTRODUCTION

he ever

increasing energy consumption, the soaring cost and the exhaustible nature of fossil fuel, and the worsening global environment have

created increased interest in power generation systems. Wind and solar power generation are two of the most promising renewable power generation technologies. The growth of wind and photovoltaic (PV)

power generation systems has exceeded the most optimistic estimation [1,2,3]. Bangladesh is in the ideal position for harnessing solar energy. Many photovoltaic systems operate in a stand-alone mode. Such systems consist of

a PV generator, energy storage (for example a battery), AC and DC consumers and elements for power conditioning. Per definition, a stand-alone system involves no interaction with a utility grid. A PV generator can contain several arrays. Each array is composed of several modules, while each module is composed of several solar cells. The battery bank stores energy when the power supplied by the PV modules exceeds load demand and releases it backs when the PV supply is insufficient. The load for a stand-alone PV system can be of many types, both DC (television, lighting) and AC (electric motors, heaters, etc.). The power conditioning system provides an interface between all the elements of the PV system, giving protection and control. The most frequently encountered elements of the power conditioning system are blocking diodes, charge regulators and DC-AC converters [4]. In the later part of the paper we will discuss about the system defining parameters, system architecture and performance analysis. We actually represent the simulation result for the proposed system. For the simulation purpose we have used the PVSYST software which is very powerful software for the renewable energy project simulation and analysis. The graphs and tables that will depict in the later portion of the paper had been generated while doing the simulation.

a) Photovoltaic PV effect is a basic physical process through

which solar energy is converted directly into electrical energy. The physics of a PV cell, or a solar cell, is similar to the classical p-n junction diode [6]. The relationship between the output voltage V and the load current I of a PV cell or a module can be expressed as [5, 6]

Here, IL = light current of the PV cell (in amperes) I0 = saturation current I = load current V = PV output voltage (in volts) Rs / Series resistance of the PV cell (in ohms) / thermal voltage timing completion factor of the cell (in volts).

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2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

Author : Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.E-mail : [email protected] : Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.E-mail : [email protected] : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704. Bangladesh, Phone: +8801820555038E-mail : [email protected] : Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704. Bangladesh, Phone: +8801915079106. E-mail : [email protected] : Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704. Bangladesh, Phone: +8801713075575, E-mail : [email protected]

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II. MATHEMATICAL MODELING [4]a) Solar Cell Model

1) Open Circuit Voltage

Where,

b) Maximum Power Point

Pmax = Imax * Vmax

1) Maximum efficency

Here,= maximum efficiencyGa= the ambient irradiationA= the cell area

2) Fill factor

Here,FF= Fill factor

3) Short circuit current

I sc = I ph

c) Module model

Where,

d) Voltage model

Here, E0= extrapolated voltage at zero current of a fully charged batteryA= initial linear variation of internal battery voltage with state of chargeX= normalized capacity removed from the battery at a given discharge current

Here, qmax(I)= capacity of the battery at each discharge current Iqmax= maximum ampere-hour capcityqout= amount of charge that has been removed by a certain point

Here, m= idealizing factorK= Boltzmanns gas constantTc= the absolute temperature of the celle= electronic chargeV= the voltage imposed across the cellI0= the dark saturation current

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III. SYSTEM DEFINING PARAMETERSa) Consumption

Consumption definition by year.

Name Quantity Power (W/app.) Mean Daily Use (h/day)

Daily Energy

Fluorescent Lamps 2 5 5 50Fan 2 60 3 360TV 1 75 3 225

Others 1 20 1 20

Table 1

Total Daily Energy = 655 Wh/day

Total Monthly Energy = 19.7 kWh/month

e) Load

Here, Iac= the AC current of the loadVac= the voltage of the load

f) Inverter

Here,Idc= the current required by the inverter from the DC sideVdc= the input voltage for the input delivered by the DC side

Figure-1 : Users Needs

Figure 1 : Users Needs

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b) Battery Set Selection12 V, 103 Ah, 1 battery in series and 1 battery in parallel.

Battery Pack Voltage 12 VGlobal Capacity 103 AhStored Energy 1.2 kWh

Table 2

c) Module Selection24 Wp, 4V, 4 Modules in series

Array Voltage (500C) 16.0 VArray Current 10.4 V

Array Nom. Power 192 Wp

Table 3

d) Array Loss1) Thermal Parameters

Thermal Loss Factor U = Uc + Uv * Wind Velocity

Constant Loss Factor

20.0 W/m2k

Wind Loss Factor

0.1 W/m2k/m/s

Table 4

a. Standard NOCT FactorNOCT Coefficient 560C

e) Ohomic LossGlobal Wiring Resistance

26.7 mOhm

Loss Fraction at STC

1.5%

Table 5

IV. SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREa) Orientation

Field type for the orientation is tracking two axis.

The figure for the tracking two axis is depicted in the figure-2.

Min. Tilt 100

Max. Tilt 800

Min. Azimuth -800

Max. Azimuth 800

Table 6 : Rotating Limit Angles.

Figure 2 : Tracking Two Axis

b) HorizonLatitude 23.50 NLongitude 90.20 EAltitude 8 mDiffuse Factor 1.00Albedo Fraction 100%Albedo Factor 1.00

Table 7

Figure 3 : Horizon Line Drawing

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c) Near Shadings

Orientation/ System ShadingsActive Area 2 m2 0 m2

Fields Tilt Tracking UndefinedFields Azimuth Two-axis Undefined

Table 8 : Compatibility with Orientation and System Parameter

Figure 4 : Near Shadings

Figure 5 : System Architecture

d) System Design

System defining parameters are described in the section-2 in details. Here we are interested about only the architecture that has been generated during the simulation process.

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e) Loss of the System

The following graph represents the fields thermal loss, Ohomic loss, Module Quality Mismatch and soling loss.

Figure 6 : Loss of System

f) Module Layout

Figure 8 : Module Layout

Figure 7 : Incident Angle Modifier

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V. SIMULATION RESULTa) Tables

Table 9 : Energy Use

Table 10 : Normalized Performance Coefficient

Table 11 : Battery Operation and Performance

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Table 12 : Losses in the PV System

Table 13 : Optical Factor

Table 14 : Meteo and Incident Energy

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b) Grpahs

Figure 9 : Tracking Plane Tilt Vs. Tracking Plane Azimuth

Figure 10 : Horizontal Global Irradiation Vs. Ambient Temp.

Figure 11 : Performance Ratio

.

Figure 12 : Array Power Distribution

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Figure 13 : Daily I/P and O/P Diagram

Figure 14 : System Loss Diagram

VI. CONCLUSIONWe have shown the simulation result throughout

the paper. From the simulation result we can say our proposed model for standalone PV power generation system is accurate and near to result from the mathematical modeling. At present we are in the fabrication stage of this research work and from the market study we have found that we can fabricate this system within $200 which is equal to 17,000 BDT. We hope that this system will be blessing for the people of Bangladesh.

1. Global Wind 2007 report, Global Wind Energy Council. [Online]. Available: http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=90

2. Wind Power TodayFederalWind ProgramHighlights.NREL, DOE/GO-102005-2115, Apr. 2005.

3. Trends in Photovoltaic Applications: Survey Report of Selected IEA Countries between 1992 and 2004, International Energy Agency Photovoltaics

References Rfrences Referencias

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5. . Ulleberg and S. O. Mrner, TRNSYS simulation models for solarhydrogen systems, Solar Energy, vol. 59, no. 46, pp. 271279, 1997.

6. M. R. Patel, Wind and Solar Power Systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999.

7. Renewable energy report was prepared by Prof. Dr. Neem Chandra Bhowmik, Director Renewable Energy Research Centre, University of Dhaka under a consultancy assignment given by the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT).

8. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/fossil-fuel-energy-consumption-percent-of-total-wb-data.html

9. http://www.energybangla.com/index.php?mod=article&cat=Petroleumsector&article=24944

10. http://www.pvsyst.com/11. http://www.pvsyst.com/en/publications/meteo-data-

sources12. H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae,

Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-20, no. 3, pp. 625630, May-Jun.1984.

13. P. Gipe, Wind Power: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2004.

14. K. Strunz and E. K. Brock, Stochastic energy source access management: Infrastructure-integrative modular plant for sustainable hydrogenelectric co-generation, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 31, pp. 11291141, 2006.

15. E. S. Abdin, A. M. Osheiba, and M. M. Khater, Modeling and optimal controllers design for a stand-alone photovoltaic-diesel generating unit,IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 560565, Sep. 1999.

4. Anca D. Hansen, Poul Srensen, Lars H. Hansen and Henrik Bindner, Models for a Stand-Alone PV System, Ris National Laboratory, December 2000, 77 p., ISBN 87-550-2776-8

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Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation SystemUsing PVSYST SoftwareAuthorsKeywordsI. INTRODUCTIONa) Photovoltaic

II. MATHEMATICALMODELING [4]a) Solar Cell Modelb) Maximum Power Pointc) Module modeld) Voltage modele) Load

III. SYSTEMDEFINING PARAMETERSa) Consumptionb) Battery Set Selectionc) Module Selectiond) Array Losse) Ohomic Loss

IV. SYSTEMARCHITECTUREa) Orientationb) Horizonc) Near Shadingsd) System Designe) Loss of the Systemf) Module Layout

V. SIMULATION RESULTa) Tablesb) Grpahs

VI. CONCLUSIONReferences Rfrences Referencias

2 analysis of a standalone photvoltaic

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