2 3 4 5 the design and fit out of an office requires consideration of several factors. some of the...
TRANSCRIPT
Work Health and Safety
Section 11
Vocational Education and TrainingTraining Toolbox Series
ICA11v1.0 Information, Digital Media & Technology
Cert I, II and III
Ergonomic Hazards
2
Work Health and Safety
Table of Contents
Section 11 – Ergonomic Hazards Workspace in an Office Environment Slide - 05Office Sizing Slide - 06Office Furniture Slide - 07Chairs Slide - 08Working While Seated Slide - 09Working at a Computer Slide - 10Working at a Desk/Bench Slide - 11Work Breaks Slide - 12Working While Standing Slide - 13Work Design Considerations Slide - 14Footwear Slide - 15
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Work Health and Safety
Table of Contents
Section 11 – Ergonomic Hazards (continued) Floors Slide - 16Repetition Strain Injuries Slide - 17Types of Lighting Slide - 18Office/Work Area Temperature and Ventilation Slide - 20Indoor Air Pollution Slide - 21Preventing Indoor Air Pollution Slide - 23
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Work Health and Safety
Workspace in an Office Environment
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The design and fit out of an office requires consideration of several factors.
Some of the main factors to consider include:
Acoustical privacy Fixed walls or open plan design Visual privacy Employees personalising their own space Natural light or artificial lighting Facilitating interpersonal contact
Work Health and Safety
Office Sizing
6
Office space tends to be influenced by:
Nature of work/tasks Role/position of employee Perceptions
Work Health and Safety
There are numerous factors to consider when selecting office furniture.
These factors include:
Body size of employee Height of employee Gender Right or left-handedness Tasks of employee Layout of office Office equipment – computers, printers, etc.
Office Furniture
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Work Health and Safety
Chairs
8
Some features are mandatory for a good chair regardless of how it is to be used:
Adjustability Seat height range Backrest Seat depth Stability
Work Health and Safety
Working While Seated
9
Comfortable and healthy sitting while working requires attention to the positioning one’s:
Hips Knees Ankles Back Arms Elbows Wrists
Work Health and Safety
Working at a Computer
10
When sitting in front of a computer it is recommended:
Keeping elbows tucked in Keep shoulders relaxed Change body positions frequently Alternate crossed legs Avoid bending to the side Avoid bending forward Do not slouch Do not sit for more than 50 minutes at a time
Work Health and Safety
Working at a Desk/Bench
11
If a chair is too low or the desk/worktable too high a person could experience:
Disrupted blood circulation Pressure on internal organs Sitting discomfort Back injury Neck injury Shoulder pain Body tiredness
Work Health and Safety
Work Breaks
12
It is important to take breaks from the computer and/or desk.
Some suggestions are:
Take a rest break of 10 minutes every hour Take frequent short breaks Do stretching exercises Adapt the workload to take breaks
Work Health and Safety
Working While Standing
13
Working in a standing position on a regular basis and for long periods can cause:
Sore feet Swelling of the legs Varicose veins General muscular fatigue Low back pain Stiff neck and shoulders Tendons/ligaments damage Joint problems
Work Health and Safety
Work Design Considerations
14
The following should be considered when designing a work area where the worker will be performing duties while standing:
Adjustable working tables/benches Room to move around Built-in foot rails or portable footrests Elbow supports Controls and tools within reach A stool
Work Health and Safety
Footwear
15
Footwear should be chosen safety, support and comfort while working.
Look for footwear that:
Do not change the shape of your foot Have a firm grip for the heel Allow freedom to move your toes Have arch supports Have shock-absorbing cushioned insole Are not flat or with heels higher than 50 mm Have the proper safety features if required That is industry approved
Work Health and Safety
Floors
16
Work area floors should:
Be clean Have mats if surfaces are concrete or metal Be level and non-slippery
Work Health and Safety
Repetition Strain Injuries (RSI)
17
RSI is caused by repetitive movements due to poor work design/processes.
Prevention of RSI is possible if the worker/employee:
Mixes repetitive and non-repetitive activities Has frequent breaks Does simple and gentle exercises Uses properly designed furniture Redesign the work area
Work Health and Safety
Types of Lighting
18
There are two types of lighting – natural and artificial.
There are three basic types of lighting:
General Localised-general Local
Work Health and Safety
Types of Lighting
19
There are four types of light fixtures known as:
Direct Direct-indirect Indirect Shielded
Work Health and Safety
Office/Work Area Temperature and Ventilation
20
‘Indoor Air Quality’ is an increasingly important issue in the workplace environment.
Poor air quality can be caused by:
Poor ventilation Poor thermal controls Humidity levels
Work Health and Safety
Indoor Air Pollution
21
Workplace air pollution can come from both internal and external sources.
External sources include:
Pollen, dust, etc. Vehicle exhaust Odours from dumpsters/rubbish Neighbouring industries Construction
Work Health and Safety
Indoor Air Pollution
22
Internal sources:
Building components and furnishings Smoking Maintenance or remodelling activities Cleaning chemicals Unsanitary conditions and water damage Emissions from office equipment Fuels, paints, adhesives, etc.
Work Health and Safety
Preventing Indoor Air Pollution
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Indoor air pollution can be prevented by:
Cleaning and maintain air conditioning systems Supplying fresh outside air Well ventilating areas Office equipment should be cleaned/maintained Reduce/eliminate air contaminates sources
Work Health and Safety
End of Section 11
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Work Health and Safety