1presentation_id © 1999, cisco systems, inc. cisco avvid architecture for voice, video, and...

1Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco AVVIDCisco AVVIDArchitecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data

‘Emerging Voice Technologies’

Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data

‘Emerging Voice Technologies’


Peter [email protected] [email protected]

Senior Consulting Engineer

Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy

Senior Consulting Engineer

Cisco Enterprise Line Of Business Technical Consultancy


www.cisco.comIBM Training Session 2-FEB00- Slide number 3 of 42

AgendaAgenda

• The Basics

• What is VoIP

• So how does it all work

• QoS Requirements

• Interface Solutions

• Summary & Conclusions


The Basics

How do we do Voice today ?

The Basics

How do we do Voice today ?


Telephony and Data Architecture Fundamentals Comparison

Telephony and Data Architecture Fundamentals Comparison

LEC

Corporate Voice Network with PBXs (Private Branch Exchange)

CorporateLocation

CorporateLocation

IXCPBX

PBX

Class 5

Class 5

Class 5

Intranet

Corporate Data Network with Switches and Routers

Corporate Location

CorporateLocation

InternetSwitch

Switch

Router

Router

Router


Voice and Data Switching ComparisonVoice and Data Switching Comparison

Class 5 SwitchI.e. Our local exchange

• Handset aggregator

• All telephones get a single analog/digital line (DS0)

• All devices have a phonenumber defined on the switch

• All devices can simultaneously make a call (calls < trunk DS0s)

• Path selection based on staticleast cost routing or ARS

Multilayer Switch

RouterRouter

• Computer aggregator

• All devices get dedicated bandwidth 10/100/1000 Mbps (autonegotiation)

• All devices have an IP address defined on the host

• All devices run at full line rate (bandwidth < uplink)

• Path selection based on dynamic routing protocol lowest cost

SwitchSwitch


DS0

OC3/12

DS1

DS0

DS1

OC3/12

CustomerPremise

LocalCO Interexchange Local CO

DS3DS3DS3

DS1DS1

OC48 OC48

DS3 DS3DS3

DS1DS1

OC48

3/1 DACS

SONETADM

SONETADM

3/1 DACS

DS0DS0 DS0Class 5Switch

Class 4Switch

Class 4Switch

Class 5Switch

CustomerPremise

Today’s Carrier Voice InfrastructureToday’s Carrier Voice Infrastructure

DS0

Need to make this simpler, flexible, and cheaper.

CustomerPremise

CustomerPremise

LocalCO

Interexchange LocalCO

OC-48c

OC-48c

Ethernet WDM

OC-48c

EthernetDS1

DS1

OC-48c

~~~~~~~~~~~~


So what is VoIP ?So what is VoIP ?


Based Upon H.323Based Upon H.323

H.320Terminal

H.323MCU

H.324Terminal

V.70Terminal

H.323Gatekeeper

SpeechTerminal

H.323Terminal

SpeechTerminal

H.323Gateway

PSTN ISDN

H.323Terminal

H.323Terminal

WANRSVP Scope of

H.323


The Standards Based Voice ApproachThe Standards Based Voice Approach

IP Gateway(to PSTN)

IP Phone (Client)Gatekeeper

Packet LAN

MCU

Interoperability?YES! ITU H.323

• H.323 Devices

–Gatekeeper (admission & control) & Gateway (IP to TDM)

–MCU (conference mgr. & bridge)

–Client (phone, PC, etc.)

• H.323 Signalling & Control

–H.225 - Signalling & Packetization

–H.245 - Media Control

–H.235 - Security

–H.450 - Supplementary Services

–T.120 - Data

• H.323 Media Formats

–G.711 (64Kbps), G.723.1 (6.4Kbps & 5.3Kbps), G.729 (8Kbps), H.261, H.263 (video)


H.323 ProtocolsH.323 Protocols

• H.225 for Connection and Status–Q.931 ‘derived’ messages

–Registration, authentication and Status (RAS) for endpoint-GK signaling (port 1719)

• H.245 for Capabilities/Media Control

• Media Transport–RTP/RTCP - standard payloads

• H.235 for security in v2


IP Layered Model H.323 VoIP Model

IP Address

Email IDE.164 Phone No.

Audio Codec(G.711, G.729, G.723.1,..)

H.225, H.245, RTP, RTCP

Frame Relay DLCI,802.3 MAC, ATM VPI/VCI

V.35, T1, T3

UDPPort Number

CallerCaller

Application

Presentation

Data Link

Physical

UserUser

TCP UDP

IP

Session

H.323 VoIP LayersH.323 VoIP Layers


Enterprise Gateway

LANPhone

VoIP Client

PSTN

PBX

LegacyPhoneUsers

Router

VoiceMail

OtherLocations

Virtual PBXApplication

H323 DefinitionsH323 Definitions

• Gateway : - device that bridges the gap between IP Telephony and the legacy phones.

• Gatekeeper : - device that provides address translation, admission control, & zone management.


Internet Real-time Network

TelephoneNetwork

GatekeeperCisco Multimedia Manager

Client H.323Client H.323

RouterProxy

GatekeeperCisco MCM

GatewayAS5x00

H.320(Over ISDN)

H.324(Over POTs)

Speech Only(Telephone)

Client H.323

Corp LAN

H.323 component: GateKeeperH.323 component: GateKeeper


GatekeeperGatekeeper

• Policy Component for H.323 terminals, proxies, and gateways–RAS function, control in the network

• Address translation and/or redirection–For when networks scale

• Call admission/authorisation–Call Admission Control, very important

• Basic bandwidth management–Ensure voice quality


GatekeeperGatekeeper GatekeeperGatekeeperInter-Gatekeeper

Communication

Gatekeeper ZonesGatekeeper Zones

• Only one GK to a zone

• Includes all H.323 entities

• Can follow DNS domain hierarchy


• Mandatory Services:–Address Translation, Admissions Control, Bandwidth Control, & Zone Management

• Optional Services–Call Control Signalling

–Call Authorization

–Bandwidth Management

–Call Management

–Gatekeeper management information data structure

–Bandwidth reservation for terminals not capable of this function

–Directory services

The Services it has to provideThe Services it has to provide


Internet Real-time Network

TelephoneNetwork

GatekeeperCisco Multimedia Manager

Client H.323Client H.323

RouterProxy

GatekeeperCisco MCM

GatewayAS5x00

H.320(Over ISDN)

H.324(Over POTs)

Speech Only(Telephone)

Client H.323

Corp LAN

H.323 component: GatewayH.323 component: Gateway


GatewaysGateways

• Required for interoperability between video/audio standards (H.323, H.320, H.324, POTS)

• Conversion of protocols between standards

• Packet-synchronous network conversion–Ethernet one end, circuit switched E1 the other

• Audio/video format conversion where necessary


So how does it work ?So how does it work ?


How does it work ?How does it work ?

Media (UDP)Cisco Implementation Note:UDP ports 16384 through 16384 + (4 x the number of channels on the device)

RTP Stream

RTCP Stream

H.323Gateway

H.245 (TCP)Open Logical Channel

H.225 (TCP)(Q.931)

Setup

Connect

Open Logical Channel Acknowledge

Capabilities Exchange

RTP Stream

H.323Gateway

VV

Assumes Endpoints (Clients) Know Each Others IP Addresses

Signaling Plane

BearerPlane

VV


Dial-Peer Configuration(Static Routing)

Dial-Peer Configuration(Static Routing)

r1#dial-peer voice 1234 pots destination-pattern 1234 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 4000 voip destination-pattern 4... session target ipv4:10.1.1.2

dial-peer voice 4000 vofr destination-pattern 4... session target serial0 122

dial-peer voice 4000 voatm destination-pattern 4... session target serial0 1

r2#dial-peer voice 4321 pots destination-pattern 4321 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1

dial-peer voice 1000 vofr destination-pattern 1... session target serial0 221

dial-peer voice 1000 voatm destination-pattern 1... session target serial0 1

InterfaceDLCI

InterfaceDLCI

ATMVCDATMVCD

LocalPort

LocalPort

IPAddress

IPAddress

VoIPVoIP

VoFRVoFR

VoATMVoATM

LocalLocal

X4321X1234 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2R1R1 R2R2

QoSIP/FR/ATM

WAN

FXS s0 s0 FXS


DestinationPattern

VoIP Full Mesh Dial-PeersVoIP Full Mesh Dial-Peers

QoSIP

WAN

X1001 X2001

X3002

R1R1 R2R2

R3R3FXS

X3001

FXS

dial-peer voice 3001 pots destination-pattern 3001 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 3001 pots destination-pattern 3002 port 1/0/1

Site specific dial-peersSite specific dial-peers

dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1… session target ipv4:192.168.1.1!dial-peer voice 2000 voip destination-pattern 2… session target ipv4:192.168.2.1!dial-peer voice 3000 voip destination-pattern 3… session target ipv4:192.168.3.1

Common dial-peersCommon dial-peers

192.168.1.1192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1192.168.2.1

FXSFXS

2… 1…

3… 3…

2…1…

192.168.3.1192.168.3.1


IP QoSWAN

RAS—Registration Admission and StatusUDP Transport Port 1719

RRQ—Registration RequestRRJ—Registration Reject

RCF—Registration Confirm

Gatekeeper

RRQRCF RRQ

RCF

H.323 Gateway Learns ofGatekeeper via Static

Configuration

Hello: I am registering myName or E.164 address

(Gateway A)

Hello: I am registering my Name or E.164 address

(Gateway B)

Gateway A Gateway B

H.323 Gatekeeper Call Control/SignalingGatekeeper Registration

H.323 Gatekeeper Call Control/SignalingGatekeeper Registration


IP QoSWAN

Gatekeeper A (Zone A)

ARQACF

H.323 Call Setup

ACF (Admission Confirm):Yes you can, here’s its IP

Address X.X.X.X

2.

3

H.323 GatekeeperDial-peer Scaleability

H.323 GatekeeperDial-peer Scaleability

ARQ (Admission Request):I have a call for

Gateway B

1.

Gateway AGateway A Gateway BGateway B


QoS RequirementsQoS Requirements

26F0_4339_c1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.


Need To Handle Traffic CorrectlyNeed To Handle Traffic Correctly

IP, Frame Relay, or ATM

SNA

PBXVoxVoxProcessProcess

IOSIOS

CESCES

QQ

Streams

Frames

Streams

LANMultiservice:•LD Voice•Internet•LAN interconnect•SNA

QoS


Entertainment and InformationEverything Is

“Just” a PacketD/V/VD/V/VPacketPacket

IPIP

Video/TVCircuit

Voice/PhoneCircuit

DataPacket

Telecom and Datacom(Enterprise WAN, Networked PBX

Service Providers of All Types)

ConvergenceConvergence


IP Header (20) UDP (8) RTP (12)

PAYLOAD : 20Header is 40 bytes

13 - 26 kbit/s of bandwidth per call

Compressing RTP Header gives 4-5 PAYLOAD : 20

6-11 kbps of bandwidth per call !

Bandwidth Per IP CallBandwidth Per IP Call

• 20ms @ 8kbit/s yields 20 byte payload of compressed voice and 40 byte header


RTP HeaderCompression

Version IHL Type of Service Total Length

Identification Flags Fragment Offset

Header ChecksumProtocolTime to Live

Source Address

Destination Address

PaddingOptions

Source Port Destination Port

ChecksumLength

PTPTMMCCCCXXPPV=2V=2 Sequence NumberSequence Number

TimestampTimestamp

Synchronization Source (SSRC) IdentifierSynchronization Source (SSRC) Identifier

VoIP Bandwidth SolutionVoIP Bandwidth Solution

• 20 ms @ 8 kbps yields20-byte payload

• IP header 20;UDP header 8;RTP header 12

–2X payload!

• Header compression–40 bytes to 2 or 4 bytes

• Hop-by-Hop on slow links <512 kbps

• CRTP–Compressed Real-time Protocol


ChallengeChallenge Cisco SolutionsCisco Solutions

Packet ResidencySlow Link Freeze-out by

Large Packets

InterleavingFRF.12, MLPPP, IP MTU Size Reduction,

Faster Link

Bandwidth ConsumptionHeader Size on Low

Bandwidth Links

CompressionCodecs, RTP Header Compression, Voice

Activity Detection

WANOversubscription, Bursting

Traffic ManagementRouter Traffic Shaping to CIR, High Priority

PVC, Data Discard Eligibility

CongestionDelay and Delay Jitter

Intelligent QueuingWFQ, IP Precedence, RSVP,

Priority Queuing

VoIP Low Speed Link (<768 Kbps) Challenges and Solutions

VoIP Low Speed Link (<768 Kbps) Challenges and Solutions


Avoiding Loss, Delay, and Delay Variation (Jitter)

WAN

Router

MultilayerCampus

MultilayerCampus

Router

CallManagerCallManager

CampusNot as Critical

“Initially”Must Be Switched

WAN Edge“A Must”

QoS Starts in the WAN

WAN Backbone“A Must”

Often Overlookedor Misunderstood

Domains of QoS Consideration Strong as Your Weakest Link

Domains of QoS Consideration Strong as Your Weakest Link


Policy NetworkingPolicy Networking

Telecommuters

MobileUsers

Branch Offices

Enterprise Policy

QoSSecurity

Campus

Partners

• Define policies for applications and users

• Distribute policy bindings–QoS Policy Servers, Security

–Network enforcement nodes

• Enable integrated control over network resources


Interface SolutionsInterface Solutions



Router Voice InterfacesRouter Voice Interfaces

SwitchSwitch

SwitchSwitchSwitchSwitch

FXO FXSE&M E&M

E1/PRI E1/PRIFXO FXS

• FXO—Foreign Exchange Office

• FXS—Foreign Exchange Station

• E&M—Ear and Mouth

• PRI—Primary Rate Interface


Basic Trunk/Route ReplacementBasic Trunk/Route Replacement

Branch Office

PSTN

Central Site

QoSWAN

(Intranet/Internet)

TelcoTelcoSwitchSwitch

Cisco3600/2600

AS5300

PSTN PSTN PSTN

New Orleans Vancouver San Jose

Call Comes In Bypass PSTN

AS5300 AS5300 AS5300

PBXPBX PBXPBX

E&M

E1/PRI

PRI PRI PRI

PRIPRI


PBXPBX

555-1001

555-1002

555-1003

555-1999

QoS IPWAN

PSTN PSTN

556-1001

556-1002

556-1003

556-1004

Key System

556-1005

556-1006

556-1007

556-1008

R1R1 R2R2

10.1.1.1

r2#dial-peer voice 5561001 pots destination-pattern 5561001 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 5551000 voip destination-pattern 5551... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1!dial-peer voice 91 pots destination-pattern 9 port 3/0/0

FXOFXO

FXSFXSE&M

E1/PRI

Router-Based Key SystemRouter-Based Key System


Off Premise Extension (OPX)Off Premise Extension (OPX)

X1001

X1002

X1003

X1004

X1005

X1006

X1007

X1008

QoSIP/FR/ATM

WAN

PSTNr2#dial-peer voice 2100 pots destination-pattern 2100 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 1000 voip destination-pattern 1... session target ipv4:10.1.1.1!voice-port 1/0/0 connection trunk 1100

r1#dial-peer voice 1100 pots destination-pattern 1100 port 1/0/0!dial-peer voice 2000 voip destination-pattern 2... session target ipv4:10.1.1.2!voice-port 1/0/0 connection trunk 2100

R1 R2

10.1.1.210.1.1.1

OPX

FXOFXO FXSFXS

T1/PRI

PBXPBX

VoiceMail


Catalyst Switch

Voice-Enabled Router

Cisco IP Phones

Branch Office

Catalyst Switch

Cisco IP Phones

Voice-Enabled Router

Analog/Digital Gateway

Router-based Gateways:3600 (Analog/Digital)MC3810 (Analog/Digital)AS5800 (Digital)1750/2600/3600 (Analog)5300 (Digital)7x00 (Digital)

Legacy PBX

Legacy VoiceMail

Cisco CallManager Call Processing, Signaling, ControlMedia Gateway Controller (MGC)Most Commonly Used Telephony Features Voice Mail Integration Call Center Integration Remote SupportabilityOpen API support (TAPI and JTAPI)Web based Administration

Cisco MCS- 7830Fully Redundant, Highly AvailableCall Processing Platform

Cisco IP Phones - 12 Button 12SP+ - 30 Button 30VIP Character based displaySingle Button Collaboration

Stand Alone Gateways:DT-24+/DE-30+ (Digital)

Cisco Softphone CQ4’99PC-Based IP Phone

Directory AccessEasy to use GUI

Drag and Drop Access

CallManager

CallManager

CampusPSTN

IP

Cisco AVVID Solutions Available now

Cisco AVVID Solutions Available now


Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions



Summary & ConclusionSummary & Conclusion

• Cisco use H.323 based VoIP–Also supporting the other standards

• Cisco VoIP Architecture–Powerful, flexible IP architecture that supports multiple solutions - today !!

• Cisco VoIP Core Infrastructure For AVVID solution–Unified Messaging, IP Contact Centres, Collaboration

• This stuff is being deployed, now !

1presentation_id © 1999, cisco systems, inc. cisco avvid architecture for voice, video, and...

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