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Body Discourse: Woman Warrior and the Creation of Woman Subjectivity

Vince Jia-lin Lu

A Study of Democracy Discussions between Liberalists and Contemporary Neo-

Confucianists After War II in Taiwan and Hong Kong Area Wong, Chih-Psung

Investigation of National Defense Management and Decision Making A Study of

TMD Shao-chang Miao

A Study of conscription system of the People's Republic of China Hsieh, Yun-Chi

The Research of Jiahn-an Literature and Characters Lin Jy Ying

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Contents

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Body Discourse: Woman Warrior and theCreation of Woman Subjectivity

Abstract

The twentieth century Chinese-American writer Maxine Hong Kingston displays anentirely different female writing strategy in response to andro-central body discourse1 andpolitics. In Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, Maxine Hong Kingstonemploys the ancient Chinese heroine Fa Mu Lan as her major axis. By revising thetraditional myth, Maxine Hong Kingston endows Fa Mu Lan power to undermine thetraditional purpose of the character from the "keeper of the patriarchal honor" to the "avengerfor woman!" In the proposed project, I would like to explore the power relation between themale and the female in language, race and gender among Chinese-Americans. Besides, Iwould also like to show Maxine Hong Kingston's writing strategy which deconstructs themale body politics in light of the perspectives proposed by Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva,Deleuze and Guattari.2

Key words: Chinese-American, Body-Discourse, Transgression, Androgyne

Vince Jia-lin Lu: Lecturer of Hsiuping Institute of TechnologyPh.D Student in National Kaohsiung Normal University

1 Male nudity was an important feature of ancient Greek society. To the Greeks, male nudity was consideredwholesome, sound, liberal, and healthy by their contemporaries. The Greeks spent a lot of their time outdoorsexposing their bodies. They were full of animal spirit and muscle power. Nudity and sportsmanship seemed tohave produced rationality, liberty, and wholeness. Whereas, naked athleticism, balance of mind and body,liberty, and the intellect were necessarily combined in Greek culture. The Greeks pursued liberty andgymnastics with constant reference to some ideas of complete human perfection and wholeness. Males werespiritual. Their nudities became an emblem of their heroism. From this we know that the Greeks' concept ofmale nudity was moral and healthy. Only men could go out and expose their bodies. They belonged to thepublic place. Women, in contrast, were considered unhealthy and immoral. Women's nudities were defined assexual. Up until the fourth century, the Greeks in fact depicted only male nudes, while women even remainedveiled due to their "obscene" bodies. Women belonged to the private place because they could not expose theirunsound bodies in public.

2 In my present study, I would like to explore and investigate Maxine Hong Kingston's writing strategy in terms oflanguage, race, and gender. Besides, I would also try to examine Maxine Hong Kingston's pattern of creatingwoman subjectivity in these fields. In my view, Maxine Hong Kingston has a transpositional identity andsubject oscillating between the world of the verbal and non-verbal, the East and the West, and the male and thefemale. In order to cope with the situations which she confronts, Maxine Hong Kingston's subjectmetamorphoses into many facets. We can find many examples in the Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a GirlhoodAmong Ghosts. In Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari attribute this psychological symptom to Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia does not have a fixed identity. Sometimes Schizophrenia follows the social rules, but sometimesSchizophrenia abjures them. Because of this, Schizophrenia gets the grotesque power which threatensundermining the social rules. In order to create the Subjectivity, Maxine gets a nomadic subject which oscillatesbetween the world of the verbal and non-verbal, the East and the West, and the male and the female. On the onehand, Maxine reconciles with them, while on the other, she also challenges them.

Veronica Wang contends that one can not have an identity without a voice. She relates,"an encounter with another voiceless Chinese girl, who serves as the surrogate self forMaxine. Projecting herself as this, Maxine confronted and tormented her with all theintensity and cruelty she could master to make her alter ego speak because at that momentMaxine realized the single importance of self-expression." According to Veronica Wang,Maxine seems to encourage and correct the voiceless doll-like Chinese girl to speak. If theChinese girl can proclaim herself loudly, she can free herself from pain and isolation andmake a new beginning. In my view, the beating theme does not mean to encourage andcorrect the surrogate self for Maxine to speak. Instead, Maxine beats the voiceless Chinesegirl because Maxine is envious of the voiceless Chinese girl.

Lacan's theory of ego, or "I," to which the subject tries to conform, and with which he orshe tries to coincide, constitutes his or her identity. Like the super-ego, the "I" as a linguisticeffect, an agent of cultural censorship, watches, judges, measures and condemns the self as ittries to meet the demands of its social order (Lacan5). To appropriate the Lacanian schema,we can say the voiceless Chinese girl successfully resists entering the symbolic world. In thesymbolic world, the sign system of language pre-exists before Subject. When we acquire ourlanguage system, we are forced to fill up our positions in the symbolic world which arealready there. Our desires submit to the pressure of the order of the symbolic world.Consequently, our freedom is controlled and organized by this language system. That is,language creates "I", and "I" will be differentiated in language. We are the captives oflanguage!! (Sarup108). Maxine relates "[w]hen I went to kindergarten and had to speakEnglish for the first time, I became silent" (165). When she studied in the first grade, Maxinesays "I could not understand 'I' . . . . How could the American 'I,' assuredly wearing a hat likethe Chinese, have only three strokes . . . I stared at that middle line and waited so long for itsblack center to resolve into tight strokes and dots that I forget to pronounce it . . . Theteacher, who had already told me every day how to read 'I' and 'here,' put me in the lowcorner under the stairs again" (166). In the Chinese school, Maxine also finds her voice is astrained one. She says, "Not all of the children who were silent at the American school foundvoice at the Chinese school" (168). When the teacher asks Maxine to recite in front of theclass, she still feels choked. She says, "You could hear splinters in my voice, bones rubbingjagged against one another" (169). Maxine also confuses the concept of the Chinese word

for female "I" with " ." She says "[t]here is a Chinese word for the female I which is'slave'" (47). Maxine continues, "I won't let you turn me into a slave or a wife. I'm gettingout of here" (201). When Maxine studies in the sixth grade, she can be arrogant with talk. Itis also the time when Maxine hates "the younger sister, the quiet one" (173). Maxine findsher excuse for bullying the voiceless Chinese girl. She says "Why won't you talk? . . . You'vegot to let people know you have a personality and a brain" (180). "I'm doing this for yourown good" (181). In Lacan's theory, he stresses that the Subjects of human beings areformed by language. The Subjects are the subjects of languages and the subjects which facelanguages. The character of language activity is its dialogue which includes speakers andlisteners (Lacan61). When a child can pronounce the noun "I," he has declared hisSubjectivity. He has also entered the sign system of the symbolic world. But if there is no"you," "he," "her," there will be no position for "I."

In the Woman Warrior, Maxine refuses to enter the sign system of the symbolic world;however, with the acquiring and accepting of the language, the split and separation betweenthe pre-mirror stage and the symbolic world is larger and larger. Language has consequentlybecome an unbreakable limitation. Language also causes the original repression whichresults in sub-consciousness. Maxine grows up and accepts the language system, but she stillhas a nostalgia for returning to the pre-mirror stage subconsciously, the world withoutlimitation. When Maxine finds the voiceless Chinese girl, she becomes very envious andstands on the same position with the teacher in punishing and correcting the voicelessChinese girl unconsciously. In fact, by torturing the voiceless Chinese girl, Maxine isrevealing how much pain she suffers from the sign language, and how eagerly she wants toget rid of the "prison-house" of the symbolic world. No wonder Elaine Showalter relates,"we ought to be expressed- mind and body, rather than wishing to limit women's linguisticrange . . . we must fight to open . . . not the spaces where female consciousness reveals itselfbut the blinds of a 'prison-house" (Contemporary Literary Theory 467).

On the subject of race, Elizabeth J. Ordonez states in regard to Maxine Hong Kingston,"A ponderous realization for a woman writer, especially an ethnic woman writer who . . . hasbeen caged up in just such a generic double bind [not only gender but also race]" (20).Chinese-American history has been a battle for recognition as Americans. They have foughthard for the right to be legal American citizen. When the two cultures meet, they both want

to incorporate and assimilate with each other. Besides, both of the two powers want toinvalidate each other. Because of this, it generates larger gaps and conflicts. The mostobvious example is the relationship between Chinese parents and their American Chinesechildren. In the Western point of view, America is logical, punctual, free, concrete andaccurate. The Eastern world is illogical, superstitious, and inaccurate. In Woman Warrior,Maxine seems to represent Western points of view to criticize the Eastern world.Notwithstanding, she also criticizes the Western world within her words. She is also like amediator between the impacts of the East and the West.

Maxine Hong Kingston has her roots in America. She is different from her mother.Born in America with a Chinese ancestry, Maxine develops her own points of view towardAmericans and the Chinese. Maxine presents Chinese culture as a conglomeration ofcontroversial diversity. She considers Chinese culture as superstitious, inaccurate, barbarous,and aboriginal. During the eclipse of the moon, the mother considers that it is because of thefrog which swallows the moon. However, Maxine would correct her mother, "That's just ashadow the earth makes when it comes between the moon and the sun" (169). Maxineconsiders the Chinese customs quite brutal. She says, "I used to believe that the expression'caught by the short hairs' meant a captive held with a depilatory string. It especially hurt atthe temples, but my mother said we were lucky we didn't have to have our feet bound whenwe were seven" (9). When Maxine's aunt Moon Orchid who represents with traditionalculture asks Maxine about a section that somebody had underlined or annotated, "What'sthat?" Maxine answers, "That's an important part" (133). But when Moon Orchid asksagain, "Why is it important?" Maxine answers impatiently, "I don't know the Chinese wordsfor it" (134). Maxine considers that the traditional agricultural practices of the Chinese donot know the importance of being accurate. So she does not want to answer her aunt.However, in the eyes of the traditional Chinese, Western culture is not totally positive.Maxine's aunt Moon Orchid has often criticized, "They were capable [Westernized] children;they could do servants' work. But they were not modest" (134). From this we know thatthere is a delicate power relationship between the East and the West.

When Maxine makes an indictment towards conservative China, she also criticizes thehypocrisy of Western culture. The most obvious example is the conflict between Maxine andher Boss. The Boss always looks down on the Chinese. Maxine refuses to type the

invitations for the banquet which is being picketed by CORE and the NAACP. Because ofthis, Maxine is fired. Maxine is very angry that she says "If I took the sword, which my hatemust surely have forged out of the air, and gutted him" (49). However, Maxine mostly playsthe role as a mediator between the East and the West during the intertwining of the twocultures. For example, Maxine complains that the fast-paced life in her American laundry isnot comfortable, and says, "When the thermometer in our laundry reached on hundred andeleven degrees one summer afternoon . . . it was time to tell another [Chinese] ghost story sothat we could get some good chills up our backs" (87). From this we know Maxine missesher slow-paced Chinese life. Only Chinese ghost stories could ease their tension. Besides,the event of mis-delivery of drugs by the Rexall drugstore boy is ominous to Maxine'smother. She thinks this wrong delivery has tainted her house with sick medicine. Themother insists "Revenge. We've got to avenge this wrong on our future, on our health, andon our lives" (169). Because of this, the mother asks Maxine to go to the drugstore to makethem rectify their crime and get reparation candy. No matter how Maxine tells her motherthat they don't understand stuff like that, the mother insists. Because of this, Maxine makes areconciliation. She knows it is impossible to explain to the druggist the weight andimmensity of things, so Maxine only asks the druggist for some candy without explanation.When Maxine returns home, she will tell her mother she did ask the druggist to rectify hiscrime and give her reparation candy. It is not only Maxine. Maybe most Chinese-Americansplay the same roles as mediators as Maxine when they face the confrontation of the twocultures.

Not only the East but also the West put emphasis on women's "maternity" or"motherhood." In their points of view, the ideal of the good mother should be taught toplease her husband. Besides, she must not forget her nature to bear children and care for thefamily. She must abjure the opportunity to contact other men and her sexuality should belessened or de-sexed. From this we know the society puts much emphasis on a blissfulmother and her contented children but never forget to constrain women. I explore the socialphenomenon and find that women are bound to increase the population and forced to carryout patriarchal commandment that we should be productive. In the patriarchal society,women are limited to private spaces. They are required to stay at home and their best jobsare as males' sexual servants. Men also reject the description of the unclothed women in

public because public places violate the symbol of "maternity" and "motherhood."Consequently, men have successfully transferred the private spaces from living rooms intothe symbol of maternity. As a matter of fact, this phenomenon can be attributed to the man-made gender division of labor. Men do not hope women to touch men's weapons. If womengot the same chance to touch their mode of production, it will jeopardize men's jobs,privilege, and benefit.

In the West, Virgin Mary is the one who is tamed to be a good mother. Kristeva talksabout it: "as early as the sixth century in the church of Santa Maria Antiqua in Roma, Christis king but neither he nor his father are pictured wearing crowns . . . That opulentinfringement to Christian idealism is centered on the Virgin Mother. Later, she assumed thetitle of Our Lady . . . Mary's function as guardian of power, later checked when the Churchbecame wary of it . . . ." (170). Men admire Virgin Mary because she is the mother of Jesus.But when they find that Virgin Mary gets the same rights and power which are even moresupreme than God, men decide to dethrone her. It is the fear of patriarchal society towardswomen's power. Kristeva continues, "Simon de Beauvoir too hastily saw a feminine defeatbecause the mother kneeled before her barely born son" (171). In the East, men also want toconstrain women in private spaces. The most obvious example is the custom of thefootbound women in China. In Gyn / Ecology, Mary Daly relates "[t]he history of thefoodbound women of China provides us with a vivid and accurate image of the way in whichwomen have been coerced into 'participating' in the phallocratic processions" (41). Whenwomen's feet were bound, they hobbled on three-inch-long feet and moved slowly inmeaningless circles within the homes of fathers and husbands. Besides, if women do notobey men's orders, they will be punished seriously. In the Woman Warrior, Maxine relatesthis poor situation and quotes her father's attitudes toward women in the Chinese traditionthat "'A husband may kill a wife who disobeys him. Confucius said that.' Confucius, therational man" (193).

In the Woman Warrior, Maxine stands for the Western point of view scrutinizingEastern culture. However, she also criticizes the Western patriarchy unconsciously. Maxineis the part East and the part West of her Identity. She has a transpositional subject oscillatingbetween the world of the East and the West. That is, Maxine escapes from the socialstructure of the East and the West. She builds up her feminine kingdom by herself. In the

Woman Warrior, Maxine narrates the unfair treatment meted out to her by her family andsociety. In the beginning of the book, "No Name Woman," Maxine's aunt is punished fortransgressing her social role as wife. The aunt gets pregnant and has a swelled belly longafter the departure of her husband. Because of this, the aunt incurs the wrath of the village.Finally, the aunt drowns herself and the child as well. The aunt's womb should be presentedas having been "fruitful and multiply." However, the fetus inside the womb has become thefood consumer which might endanger the villager's life. Ironically, there is a fat Bandit inMaxine's hometown; however, no one would blame him for his "big belly." The Bandit's fatbelly has changed symbols from arid into fruitful. Besides, Maxine's parents and theemigrant villagers have different attitudes toward the birth of males or females. In their eyes,girls are "maggots in the rice," "It is more profitable to raise geese than daughters" (43),"There is an outward tendency in females" (47). If people get boys, they will surelycelebrate. They will roll an egg on the little boys' faces. They will turn on all the lights andhave full-moon parties for the boys. When Maxine gets straight A's, no one will cheer forher. People will think getting straight A's means that Maxine is getting straight A's for thegood of her future husband's family, not Maxine's own. Because of this, Maxine feelsdisappointed. She swears that she "would have to grow up a warrior woman" (20).

The traditional Chinese tale of Fa Mu Lan represents Maxine Hong Kingston's symbolicwarrior woman who takes her father's place in battle and fights bravely in the battlefield andfinally returns victoriously. This legend is not original; however, Maxine revises it mostly.In the traditional tale, Fa Mu Lan follows traditional rules. She must be pious not only to herfather but also to her nation. She takes her father's position to fight in battle just because sheneeds to maintain "man's honor." Besides, she must compensate her father's "penis-malfunction." Fa Mu Lan must disguise herself as a soldier carefully because the "Chineseexecuted women who disguised themselves as soldiers or students, no matter how bravelythey fought" (39). So the traditional tale only ends up reduplicating another patriarchy. InMaxine Hong Kingston's version of the legend, she rewrites the story and empowers thewoman warrior Fa Mu Lan. Fa Mu Lan not only maintains her femininity but also getsmasculine power. She is just like an androgyne. Fa Mu Lan leaves her family to seek herfuture. Her masters are an old man and woman. However, the couples are the embodimentof perennial, natural forces. They are always changing, but they are also always in harmony.

Fa Mu Lan says, "he appeared as a handsome young man . . . and she, as a beautiful youngwoman who ran bare-legged through the trees . . . By this time I had guessed from theirmanner that the old woman was to the old man a sister or a friend rather than a wife" (28). Inother words, the couples transgress the limitation of gender. They do not reduplicate thepatriarchal system. Their combination does not count on husband-wife relationship. So thecouple is the ideal model for Maxine to emulate.

In Maxine Hong Kingston's Woman Warrior, the Chinese-American female authorendows Fa Mu Lan with power to undermine the traditional purpose of the character. Thistraditional Chinese girl Fa Mu Lan transgresses the patriarchal man-made structure in theexotic American society. Her transgressive body consequently betrays a nostalgia for a kindof female Eden, a pre-verbal, pre-theorized time-place of unmediated experience. Under thecreation of woman subjectivity, the traditional Chinese girl Fa Mu Lan becomes an exponentof the avant garde Chinese-American who uses her transgressive body to undermine the fixedstructure of the symbolic world.

Works Cited

Daly, Mary. Gyn / Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism. London:

The Women's Press, 1984.

Davis, Robert Con and Ronald Schleifer, eds. Contemporary Literary Criticism:

Literary and Cultural Studies. New York: Longman, 1989.

Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and

Schizophrenia. Trans. Robert Hurley. Minneapolis: University of

Minneapolis Press, 1982.

Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among

Ghosts. New York: Random House, 1976.

Kristeva, Julia. The Kristeva Reader. Ed. Toril Moi. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: W. W.

Norton & Company, 1977.

- - -. The Language of the Self: The Functions of Language in Psychoanalysis.

Trans. Anthony Wilden. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press,

1968.

Ordonez, Elizabeth J. "Narrative Texts by Ethnic Women: Rereading the Past,

Reshaping the Future." MELUS 9.3 (Winter 1982): 19-28.

Sarup, M. Jacques Lacan. New York: Harvester Wheastsheaf, 1992.

Wang, Veronica. "Reality and Fantasy: The Chinese-American Woman's

Quest for Identity." MELUS 12.3 (Fall 1985): 23-31.

Wong, Chih-Psung: An adjunct associate professor, the Applied Chinese Department,Hsiuping Institute of Technolgoy.

A Study of Democracy Discussions betweenLiberalists and Contemporary Neo-Confucianists

After War II in Taiwan and Hong Kong Area

Abstract

In the postwar years, liberalists such as Yin Hai-Guang, Zhang Fo-Cuan were active inHongkong and Taiwan areas. Representatives of Neo-Confucianism such as Mo Zhong-San,Tang Jun-Yi, and Xu Fu-Guang were the core characters.

Among the discussions of democracy, the power-divided constitutional political systemof liberalism was the mainstream of contemporary democracy..

Liberalists' views of humanity developed into the institutional policy in the liberal formof constitutional political system. Contemporary Neo-Confucianists' views of humanity werehard to develop into democracy due to the infinite expansion of humanity, turning intosensible or gloomy humanity for interpret ting the construction of the constitutional politicalsystem of liberalism and then forming the common consensus with liberalists. However,contemporary Neo-Confucianists still argued that the democratic political system ofconstitutionalism should be monitored by ethic rationality caused by benevolence. Thisperspective was different from that of liberalists. In terms of democracy discussions, theydealt with the problems related to the constitutional democracy of liberalism..

Key words: liberalism, contemporary Neo-Confucianist, constitutional political system, ethic

rationality

1

2 (essentialistic fallacy)(panlogicism)

(pan-politicism)3

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20 Ellen Meiksins Wood, Democracy Against Capitalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, P. 227.21 (8)22

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Wood, Ellen Meiksins

1995 Democracy Against Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shao-Chang Miao: Department of Military Training Office, HIT

Investigation of National Defense Managementand Decision Making A Study of TMD

Abstract

In the complex and well-organized military weapon system, the Multiple AttributeDecision Making can produce much more valuable information which is contributory to theweapon systems acquisition and application. In this paper, an additive utility functionalgorithm is proposed. We have to, by the hierarchical structure analysis to aggregatedecision-makers' assessments about criteria weighting to evaluate weapon systems indices.Thus we are able to rank the suitability rating to determine the best selection.

Key words: Theatre Missile Defense, TMD Weapon Systems Acquisition Multiple

Attribute Decision Making.

1979

19992000

1995 96

Theater Missile Defense, TMD

2000 1996 1994

Make or Buy

( Decision Analysis )

1989 (1) (2)(3) (4) [7]

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1994

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2

1996 1995

1

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Cambridge University Press, p.p.354~435.

1

2.1998

12 3

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2

145-156

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2.1

3. Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Hwang Yoon1981 2000

(1) (Dominance)

(2) (Maxi-Min)

(3) (Maxi-Max)

3

Spekman (1991)

Ghymn et al.(1993a)

Ghymn et al.(1993b)

Mummalaneni et al.

(1996)

Wei et al. (1997)

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20042004.10.05 TMD

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1. (PAC-3) : BMDO(modified air defense system, MADS,

PAC-2 Plus) PAC-3 2(PAC-3 Configuration 2)GEM PAC-2 MPQ-53

(PAC-1 PAC-2PAC-3)

2. (Navy Area BMD Program):AN/SPY-1 (Aegis)

(SM-2/Block IVA)3. (Theatre High Altitude Area Defense, THAAD)

THAAD 1992 1995 4 21 19998 2 THAAD 11

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5. (Airborne Laser ABL):3 4

Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) Media pdateLt Gen Lester L.Lyles, USAF Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization,9 JUL 98, P.4.

3 TMD

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0.792

-6.02

-7.15

( 2 1)

1.92

8.73

1.494

9.66

8.8

6.056

14.78

2.286

3.64

1.65

30.604 28.412

1 2

7

x j = U U 1 , j U 2 , j 100

y j = x j x j 100 ....................... 2

U 1 TMD 2 U 1 , j TMD jU 2 , j j

x j jx j j

y j j %

1 21. 20% 31% 55% 2

TMD 17( 46% 63% 36%) 9 % 33% (

267%) TMD2. 14% 8%( 43%)

11% 7%(36%) TMD

3.

PAC-2

TMD

Bueno

1979

1999.07 ?

2000

503-519

1996 97 83 9

28-35

1994

1989 5

1994 15

1-17

2000 28 3

112-121

1996 24 5 103-124.

1995

2000

- 1998

145-156

2000

2004.10.05 A

1999 -PART III 176

1997 TMD 30

2000

187

Head, R. C.[1974], "Comparative Defense Policy", The Johns Hopkins University Press,

Bahimore and London.

C. Hwang and K. Yoon (1981), Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method and

Applications, Spriner Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.

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Behavior," Journal of Asia Business, 9(1), pp.1-11.

K. Ghymn and L. W. Jacobs (1993b), "Import Purchasing Decision Behavior: An Empirical

Study of Japanese Import Managers," International Marketing Review, 10(4), pp.4-14.

V.Mummalaneni, K.M. Dubas and C. Chao (1996), "Chinese Purchasing Managers'

Preferences and Trade-offs in Supplier Selection and Performance Evaluation,"

Industrial Marketing Management, 25, pp.115-124.

T. E. Spekman (1991), "U.S. Buyers' Relationships with Pacific Rim Sellers," International

Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 27, pp.2-10.

S.Wei, J. Zhang and Z. Li (1997), "A Supplier-Selection System Using a Neural Network,"

Intelligent Processing Systems, IEEE International Conference on ICIPS '97.

Ralph L. Keeney and Howard Raiffa (1993), "Decisions with Multiple Objectives"

Cambridge University Press, p.p.354~435.

Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) Media pdateLt Gen Lester L. Lyles, USAF

Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization,9 JUL 98, P.4.

Hsieh, Yun-Chi: Department of Military Training Office, HIT

A Study of conscription system of the People'sRepublic of China

Abstract

Since Taiwan Straits have divided so far for more than 50 years, the black clouds of thewar have been wheeling over the Taiwan Straits all the time too. Not only the fact of dividingand ruling exists between two sides, but also the confronting state disturbs each other. It iswhat we adopt that "know yourself as well as the enemy that there is one, you can fight ahundred battles with no danger of defeat ". The mainland China constitution indicates thatcitizens should fulfill the obligation for either serving in the army or being the militiafighters. Therefore I engage in doing the research concerning conscription system of theCommunist Party of China. In the study I sum up some main ideas like its strengths,weaknesses, advantages, and disadvantages.

Key words: System of military service, seeking soldier, military service, the Communist

Party of China

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www.66163.com 2004.09.15

Lin Jy Ying: Instructor, Department of Applied Chinese, HIT

The Research of Jiahn-an Literature and Characters

Abstract

Firstly, The research of Jiahn-an literature and characters will describe the politicaland social background of the age of Jiahn-an in the end of Dung-Hahn and ensure the standof history and literature in Jiahn-an age.

Secondly, it will explain what Jiahn-an literature and Jiahn-an character are,and analysis the reason of Jiahn-an literature's prosperity and the influence of generations.

Finally, it will introduce achievements and characters of Tsaur of father and son, Jiahn-ans' seven editors, and of other important literati; then quote some outstanding examples toprove the specialty of Jiahn-an character.

Key words: the age of Jiahn-an, Jiahn-an character, Tsaur of father and son, Jiahn-ans' seven

editors

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1. Students' Perceptions of Multiple Intelligences As a Guide to Curriculum Designing

..............................................................................................................................Fang-Mei Tai

2. Balancing Communicative Language Teaching and Grammar in Taiwan...........Ai-Hwa Chen

3. The study For the Operatins and prospects of the Junior College Libraries in Taiwan..............

..............................................................................................................................Ching-Hu Lin

4. Criticism on the Theme of Chiu-feng-chen ............................................Shu-Chen Huang

5. A Study on the Relations Among Changes of the style, Ploitics and Academics in Kuo His's

Landscape Water-Ink Painting( )....................................................................Meei-ling Jiang

6. An Analysis of Buddhist Literature Features of the Six Dynasties .................Chin-Huei Wang

7. Influence of Lee Bai on Chinese Poetry of The Koryo Dynasty..........................Sang-Ho Kim

1. A Study on the Relations Among Changes of the Style, Politics and Academics in Kuo His's

Landscape Water-Ink Painting( ) ..................................................................Meei-Ling Jiang

2. The Reasons of the Academic Development in the Initial Stage of Han Dynasty .....................

........................................................................................................................Shu-Chen Huang

3. The Heart of Confucianism and Taoism: Quantitative versus Qualitative Values......................

.........................................................................................................................Chou, Hsin Ling

4. Rural mourning song The Garlic Ballads by Mo-Yan.................................Hui-Chu Liu

5. A Room of One's Own On the Feminist Spatial Concept and Strategy .......Chia-hsing Chen

6. From Traditional Chinese Culture to Remark on Leadership Behavior .....................................

.................................................................................................Tze-Li Kang Shih-Ching Shiu

7. Exploring Cooperative Learning and Equal Learning .........................................Tai, Fang-Mei

8. The Analysis on Building Educational Center and the Program for Hsiuping Institute of

Technology ............................................................................Tai, Fang-Mei Wang, Yuan-Jen

1. An Essay on Guaan Tzyy Liao Tsang-Jou

2. Grammar-Translation vs. Role-Playing: the Effect on English Learning through College

Student Characteristics Yun-Shan Lu, Yun-Chen Lu

3. Case studies on the conversion of the solving process of multiplicative word problems of

elementary second grade students-An example from Ping Tung city

Yen-Chaw You, Hsungrow Chan

4. Paraphrasing and Readability Monty Vierra

5. To re-discuss the culture of wine mentioned in Shr-jing Ling-Yu Wang

7. From Education of Birth and Death to the Management about Funerals

Shih Rongann, Zhu Chuzhu

8. The role of self-alienation and subject-cleft playing in unfiliable son dissect Wang's

novel "Chia-bian" from the perspectives of Jacques Lacan's mirror stage

Liu, Hei-zhu

9. Zhang Xue-Chen's Viewpoint on Literature Lu Pei-Hsia

10. Deconstruction and Reconstruction: The Historiography of Notes on the Choshui

River Chang Chi-hsia

11. The Supreme Calligrapher Li Bei-Hai Lu Pei-Shia

12. Visible Convenience and Invisible Stress-From Humane Viewpoint to Look at the

Development of Technology Cheng-Shing Chiang, Tai-Ying Wei, Wen-Chien Chen

13. The analysis of health physical fitness of four-year and two-year programs freshmen

in Hsiuping Institute of Technology Te-Wen Jung

14. An exploratory study of the Chuen-Chiou spirit standard and a courtier's loyalty moral in the

anarchy times-The discussion is mainly according to the responses of the monarch and

the courtiers of the Da-Chu regime Nien Chen-Ho

1. Analysis on G.T. Liao Tsang-Jou

2. A Study of the Evaluation of the English Group Teaching for 4-year Institute Students

(Day School, 1st Grade) and the Promotion of Students' Learning Effectiveness: The

Hsiuping Experience Chiung-Fang Han Hsing-Yu Wang Li-Hsueh Tseng

3. Between illusion and meta-fiction Anti-Realism writing skills in The beloved

homeland: Si-Xi's burden by Da-Chuan Chang Liu, Hei-zhu

4. The study of professional baseball players' physical shapes in Taiwan-the case of 2003-

Te-Wen Jung

5.

A Probe into Ergonomics and Sports-Taking Fencing for Instance-

Chih-Lin Chang Chih-Lon Lin Chen-Wu Hsiein

7. Cultural Influences on Minority Education Hsing-Ling Carol Wu

8. Four Phases of Alienation A Study of the Temporality of Marx's Concept of Alienation

Lin, Carlos

30 A4

500

(key word)

.

* 1.

* 2.

412

04-24961100

04-24961187

1564

04-36116670