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Introduction

BIOLOGY

SEMESTER 1

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Learning OutcomesAt the end of the lesson the students should

be able to:1. Define biodiversity, cells, tissue and organ.

2. State 3 types of diversity.

3. Describe life on its different levels of

biological organisation.

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Levels of biological

1- cells

2- tissues

3- organs

4- systems

5- organisms

6- population

7- community8- ecosystem

9- biosphere

Film: Biological sciences (0:47 seconds)

1- Ecological diversity

2- Species diversity

3- Genetic diversity

3 types of diversity.

Different levels of

biological organisation

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CHAPTER 1

1.1: Cell Theory1.2: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Cell As A Unit Of Life5 Hours

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OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, student should

be able:

1)Describe cell as the smallestindependent unit of life and form the

basis of living organism

2)Describe and compare the structure of

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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M. Schleiden T. Schwann Robert HookeR. Virchow

1.1: Cell Theory

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Cell Theory

1.Cell are thebasic living

units of

organization

and function in

all organisms

Learning objective:

Describe cell as the smallest independent unit of life and form the basis of livingorganism

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Cell Theory

2. New cell is

derived from

other cells by

division

Learning objective:

Describe cell as the smallest independent unit of life and form the basis of livingorganism

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1.2: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cellEukaryotic cell

Learning objective:

Describe and compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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1.2.1: Prokaryotic cell

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Cyanobacteria

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PseudomonasVibrio cholerae

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Escherichia coli

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Pili: attachment, reproduction

2.Capsule: jelly-like outer

coating of many prokaryotes

6.

3.

5.

4.

7.

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1.Pili

2.Capsule

6.

3.Cell wall: made of peptidoglycan

5.

4.

7.

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1.Pili

2.Capsule

6.

3.Cell wall

5.

4.Plasma membrane: phospholipid

bilayer

7.

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1.Pili

2.Capsule

6.

3.Cell wall

5.Nucleoid: Region where the cellsDNA is located

7.

4.Plasma membrane

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1.Pili

6.Ribosomes: synthesize proteins5.Nucleoid

7.

4.Plasma membrane

3.Cell wall

2.Capsule

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1.Pili

6.Ribosomes

5.Necleoid

7. Flagella- locomotion

4.Plasma membrane

3.Cell wall

2.Capsule

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1.2.2 :Eukaryotic cell

Eu: True

Karyo: Nucleus

Eg: Animal cell

Plant cell

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Plasma membrane

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absentSmall circular

DNA

Plasmid

DNA is linear and contain innucleus.

DNA is assosiates with

histon protein to form

chromosomes

DNA iscircular,lies

free in

cytoplasm.

DNA is naked

Geneticmaterial

10-100 m0.5-10 mCell

size

EukaryoteProkaryoteFeature

Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote

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Complex, with 9+2

arrangement of

microtubules

Simple,

lacking

microtubules

Flagella

Plant: Cellulose

Fungi: chitin

PeptidoglycanCell walls

Many organelles,

envelope-bound

organelles present

Only ribosomeOrganelles

EukaryoteProkaryoteFeature

Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote

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ChloroplastNo

chloroplasts,

Photosynthesi

s

Absent.

Mitochondriafunction as sites

for respiration.

Present.

Contain

respiratory

enzymes. No

mitochondria.

Mesosomes

EukaryoteProkaryoteFeature

Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote

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Question

1. Describe how a prokaryotic cell would

differ from a eukaryotic cell in the location

of its DNA2. What is a mesosome?

3. List the similarities of prokaryote and

eukaryote.

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NEXT LECTURE:

1.3: Microscopic structures of plantand animal cells