1.in which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land? a. by adding heat to earth’s...
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1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land?
A. By adding heat to Earth’s surface
B. By adding gases to the atmosphere
C. By adding lava to Earth’s surface
D. By adding water vapor to the atmosphere
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land?
C. By adding lava to Earth’s surface
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier?
. F The average height of plants on the mountainside G. The shape of clouds that form above the glacier H. The average mass of trees near the lake J. The shape of the valley between the mountains
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly affected by this kind of glacier?
J. The shape of the valley between the mountains
3.Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above?
A. Island B. Glacier C. River D. Volcano
3.Which of the following features is best modeled in the diagram above?
B. Glacier
4. Which of these best completes this chart?
F. WaterG. SoilH. CoalJ. Sand
Fossil Fuels
AlternativeEnergy Sources
Oil Wood
Natural Gas Wind
? Sun
4. Which of these best completes this chart?
H. Coal
Fossil Fuels
AlternativeEnergy Sources
Oil Wood
Natural Gas Wind
? Sun
5. Which of these is a renewable resource?
F. Tree
G. Coal
H. Oil
J. Wind
5. Which of these is a renewable resource?
F. Tree
6. Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?
A. grass
B. aluminum
C. sunlight
D. Oxygen
6. Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?
B. aluminum
7. Which planet has a year with a length closest to the length of a year on Earth?
A. MercuryB. VenusC. MarsD. Jupiter
Planets That Can Be Seen Without a Telescope
Planets MoonsAverage
Distance fromSun (km)
Lengthof Year
(Earth days)
Mercury 0 58,000,000 87
Venus 0 108,000,000 224
Earth 1 150,000,000 365
Mars 2 228,000,000 686
Jupiter 16 778,000,000 4,328
Saturn 18 1,427,000,000 10,775
7. Which planet has a year with a length closest to the length of a year on Earth?
B. Venus
Planets That Can Be Seen Without a Telescope
Planets MoonsAverage
Distance fromSun (km)
Lengthof Year
(Earth days)
Mercury 0 58,000,000 87
Venus 0 108,000,000 224
Earth 1 150,000,000 365
Mars 2 228,000,000 686
Jupiter 16 778,000,000 4,328
Saturn 18 1,427,000,000 10,775
8. Which two planets are closest to Earth?
A. Mercury and Saturn
B. Mars and Jupiter
C. Mercury and Venus
D. Venus and Mars
8. Which two planets are closest to Earth?
D. Venus and Mars
9. Which of these best represents Mars?
F. QG. RH. SJ. T
9. Which of these best represents Mars?
H. S
10. Sunspots appear to be darker than the rest of the sun’s surface because they are —
F. partially hidden from viewG. in the shadow of the sun’s coronaH. cooler than the rest of the sun’s surfaceJ. made of dark-colored minerals
10. Sunspots appear to be darker than the rest of the sun’s surface because they are —
H. cooler than the rest of the sun’s surface
11. Which of these would best model how the sun’s energy warms Earth?
F. A pot of water boiling
G. A heat lamp keeping food hot
H. An oven baking bread
J. A spoon getting hot when stirring soup
11. Which of these would best model how the sun’s energy warms Earth?
G. A heat lamp keeping food hot
12. The surface of the sun is made of —
F. gases
G. solids
H. liquids
J. energy
12. The surface of the sun is made of —
F. gases
13. Which of these is the center of our solar system?
F. Mars
G. The moon
H. Jupiter
J. The Sun
13. Which of these is the center of our solar system?
J. The Sun
14. A student saw the constellation Scorpius in the southern part of the summer sky. In the winter Scorpius was not visible at all. What causes this constellation to disappear from the winter sky?
A. The stars moving away from Earth
B. The solar winds covering the night sky
C. The revolution of Earth around the sun
D. The orbiting of the stars in the galaxy
14. A student saw the constellation Scorpius in the southern part of the summer sky. In the winter Scorpius was not visible at all. What causes this constellation to disappear from the winter sky?
C. The revolution of Earth around the sun
15. About how long does it take Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis?
A. One day
B. One week
C. One month
D. One year
15. About how long does it take Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis?
A. One day
16. According to this information, what kind of weather is related to low air pressure?
F. SunnyG. FairH. RainyJ. Mild
DayAir Pressure
(mm of mercury)Weather
1 767 Fair; mild temperatures
2 767 Fair; mild temperatures
3 765 Cloudy; mild temperatures
4 756 Rainy; windy; cool temperatures
5 758 Rainy; cool temperatures
6 764 Fair; mild temperatures
7 765 Sunny; mild temperatures
16. According to this information, what kind of weather is related to low air pressure?
H. Rainy
DayAir Pressure
(mm of mercury)Weather
1 767 Fair; mild temperatures
2 767 Fair; mild temperatures
3 765 Cloudy; mild temperatures
4 756 Rainy; windy; cool temperatures
5 758 Rainy; cool temperatures
6 764 Fair; mild temperatures
7 765 Sunny; mild temperatures
17. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice —
A. daily
B. weekly
C. monthly
D. yearly
17. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice —
A. daily
18. Three soil samples were tested to see how much water each could hold. The same amount of water was added to each funnel of soil. Very few plants would probably grow in the clay because the water would —
A. fail to reach the roots of the plantsB. become too cloudyC. run through the soil too quickly
D. become poisonous to the plants
18. Three soil samples were tested to see how much water each could hold. The same amount of water was added to each funnel of soil. Very few plants would probably grow in the clay because the water would —
A. fail to reach the roots of the plants
19. The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer?
A. How well each material mixes with garden soilB. How well each mixture holds waterC. How well each material supports plantsD. How well each mixture keeps its texture when wet
19.The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation.Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. Anequal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these wasthis investigation designed to answer?
B. How well each mixture holds water
20. A student wants to find out which type of soil holds the most water. He uses four identical pots with holes in the bottom. He fills each pot with a different type of soil and waters the pots with the same amount of water. How can he find out how much water stays in the soil in each pot?
A. By planting seeds and measuring plant growth in each potB. By measuring the amount of water that drains from each potC. By observing which soil looks wettest after the water has
been added to the potsD. By feeling the soil before and after adding water to each pot
20. A student wants to find out which type of soil holds the most water. He uses four identical pots with holes in the bottom. He fills each pot with a different type of soil and waters the pots with the same amount of water. How can he find out how much water stays in the soil in each pot?
B. By measuring the amount of water that drains from each pot
21. Similar containers were filled with different types of soil. Holes were poked into the bottom of each container, and 300 milliliters of water were added. The water that dripped out was collected and measured. According to the information in the table, which type of soil retained water best?
A. Potting soilB. Sandy soilC. GravelD. Clay
Types of Soil
Amount of Water
Collected(mL)
Potting soil 220
Sandy soil 250
Gravel 295
Clay 225
21. Similar containers were filled with different types of soil. Holes were poked into the bottom of each container, and 300 milliliters of water were added. The water that dripped out was collected and measured. According to the information in the table, which type of soil retained water best?
A. Potting soil
Types of Soil
Amount of Water
Collected(mL)
Potting soil 220
Sandy soil 250
Gravel 295
Clay 225
Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the
22. Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the most water?
A. B. C. D.
Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the
22. Some students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil held the most water?
C.
23. The energy that causes seawater to form water vapor comes from —
F. the clouds
G. underwater mountains
H. chemical reactions in the sea
J. the sun
23. The energy that causes seawater to form water vapor comes from —
J. the sun
24. In order for tomato plants to make their own food, their leaves must absorb —
A. rain
B. sunlight
C. oxygen
D. minerals
24. In order for tomato plants to make their own food, their leaves must absorb —
B. sunlight
25. Which of these supplies the energy that drives the water cycle?
F. The sun
G. The planets
H. The oceans
J. The moon
25. Which of these supplies the energy that drives the water cycle?
F. The sun
26. The picture shows an ocean near a mountain range. When comparing location Q to location T, location T will usually have
A. brighter sunlightB. stronger windsC. more snowD. less rain
26. The picture shows an ocean near a mountain range. When comparing location Q to location T, location T will usually have
D. less rain
27. Which of these best shows the relationship between Earth, the moon, and the sun?
A C
B D
27. Which of these best shows the relationship between Earth, the moon, and the sun?
D.
28. Before a field trip to a cave, a science class studied this picture. Which two features of this cave system were most likely formed by the slow buildup of minerals from water drops?
F. Pool of water and trenchG. Pool of water and stalagmiteH. Stalactite and trenchJ. Stalagmite and stalactite
28. Before a field trip to a cave, a science class studied this picture. Which two features of this cave system were most likely formed by the slow buildup of minerals from water drops?
J. Stalagmite and stalactite
29. Which of the following happens in our solar system?
F. Earth revolves around the sun once per day
G. The moon revolves around Earth once per day
H. Earth revolves around the sun once per year.
J. The moon revolves around Earth once per year.
29. Which of the following happens in our solar system?
H. Earth revolves around the sun once per year.
30. Which of these causes day and night on Earth?
A. Earth orbiting the sun
B. The moon orbiting Earth
C. Earth rotating on its axis
D. The moon blocking sunlight
30. Which of these causes day and night on Earth?
C. Earth rotating on its axis
31. Plants take in carbon dioxide gas and use it to make sugars. Through this process they release oxygen, which animals need. Which of the following activities could decrease the amount of oxygen released into the air?
A. Making sure trees are planted with every new house built
B. Encouraging cities to plan for more parks
C. Paving more land for roads and parking lots
D. Better controls for air and water pollution
31. Plants take in carbon dioxide gas and use it to make sugars. Through this process they release oxygen, which animals need. Which of the following activities could decrease the amount of oxygen released into the air?
C. Paving more land for roads and parking lots
32. Which gas in the air would increase if a large number of trees were cut down?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Water vapor
32. Which gas in the air would increase if a large number of trees were cut down?
A. Carbon dioxide
33. After lake water flows through a dam, which processes help replace the water in the lake?
A. Rainfall and runoff
B. Erosion and weathering
C. Refraction and reflection
D. Separating and evaporating
33. After lake water flows through a dam, which processes help replace the water in the lake?
A. Rainfall and runoff
34. Clouds bring rain and snow to Earth’s surface.How do rain and snow most support life on Earth?
A. They cool the land surface
B. They carry acids into the soil
C. They bring freshwater to land organisms
D. They build up mountains.
34. Clouds bring rain and snow to Earth’s surface.How do rain and snow most support life on Earth?
C. They bring freshwater to land organisms
35. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion?
F H
G J
35. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion?
G.
36. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest?
F G H J
36. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest?
J.
37. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?
A. Heat and pressure
B. Soil deposition
C. Rain and wind
D. River formation
37. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?
C. Rain and wind
38. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to —
A. carbon filtered through limestone
B. organisms buried in the ground
C. bacteria on top of the mud
D. nitrogen mixed in the water
38. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to —
B. organisms buried in the ground
39. Most canyons are the result of erosion caused by —
A. a river
B. a volcano
C. a hurricane
D. an earthquake
39. Most canyons are the result of erosion caused by —
A. a river
40. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT —
F. decay of trees
G. weathering of rocks
H. erosion of hills
J. movement of oceans
40. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT —
J. movement of oceans
41. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time?
F. Wind and rain
G. The sun’s rays
H. Light and darkness
J. Earth’s magnetic field
41. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time?
F. Wind and rain
42. A rock is taken from the surface of the moon and brought to Earth. What is different about this rock on Earth?
A. Its mass
B. Its shape
C. Its length
D. Its weight
42. A rock is taken from the surface of the moon and brought to Earth. What is different about this rock on Earth?
D. Its weight
43. Which of the following can be found on both Earth and the moon?
F. Hills
G. Thick atmosphere
H. Thunderstorms
J. Oceans
43. Which of the following can be found on both Earth and the moon?
F. Hills