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7/23/2019 1hvb3cjfggn300412100403Ti liu bi dng gio vin trng THPT chuyn - Mon Ha hc - Phan 2- Nm 2012

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5.2. BI THC HNH VN DNG

Bi 1.Xc nh phn t khi ca polyme bngcch chun

M u Introduction

Polycaprolacton (PCL) l mt polyeste c th b phn hu

sinh hc, c im nng chy thp (60oC). N thng c iu

ch bng phn ng polyme ho m vng (ROP) ca caprolacton (CL) nh xc tc, chng hn thic(II)

2 ethylhexanoat (thic(II) octanoat).

O

O

-Caprolactone

Sn O2C2

PCL b phn hu hon ton bi vi sinh vt. Thm vo ,nhit nng chy thp lm cho PCL tr thnh mt hp phnhay c s dng cho vt liu compozit c th b phn hu sinhhc. Chng hn, PCL c trn ln vi tinh bt lm cc ting rc r tin phn hu c nh vi khun.

PCL b phn hu do s thu phn cc lin kt este ca ntrong cc iu kin sinh l hc, v th n cn nhn c squan tm ln lao trong vic s dng lm vt liu sinh hc cy

ghp. mt s nc, PCL c chp thun dng cho ngi, c thdng lm cht dn thuc, ch khu (vt m), cht bi phngoi v khung chng trong sa cha da b hng. Hn thna, nhiu loi thuc c th p thnh vin vi cc ht PCL thuc c dn n cc mc tiu xc nh v thi loi mt cchc kim sot.

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H2N COOH

+

O

O

Alanine Caprolactone

Trong th nghim ny, nm phn ng ROP s c tin hnhtrong cc khong thi gian khc nhau, nhm iu ch cc mupolyme c phn t khi thay i. V polyme ho (DP) ca

cc mu cn tng i thp v mi phn t polyme cha mtnhm chc cui cng thch hp vi php chun axit baz,phn t khi trung bnh ca cc polyme c th xc nh nhphn tch nhm chc cui ny. Vn ch yu khi tm cchxc nh phn t khi ca cc polyme l tm mt dung mi chocc polyme, thch hp vi vic chun . May thay, c th tmc mt h dung mi thch hp vi PCL. PCL c chun bngKOH trong dung dch isopropyl alcohol/1,4dioxan (v/v=1/4), dngdung dch 1% phenolphthalein trong pyridin lm cht ch th.

Phn t khi trung bnh, Mn, ca polyme c th tnh theo cchdi y t khi lng mu v s mol ca cc nhm cui.

Mn = khi lng mu polyme (g)/s mol thu c khi phn tchnhm cui.

Mn = weight of polymer sample in g/number of moles from endgroup analysis.

polyme ho mi thi gian phn ng nht nh c tnht Mn ca mi mu polyme.

DP = Mt/M0,Mt : phn t khi thi im t

M0: phn t khi ca mt n v monome

Ho cht

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(Cc m s ghi trong ngoc c ch R v S lin quan n cciu khon v nguy c v m bo an ton khi lm vic vicc ho cht)

(R and S codes refer to risk and safety phrases for thechemicals.)

Lalanin,

caprolacton (S 2324/25),

KOH (R 2235, S 2636/37/3945),

Tetrahirofuran (THF, R 111936/37, S 162933),Methanol (R 1123/24/2539/23/24/25, S 71636/3745),

Isopropyl alcohol (R 113667, S 71624/2526),

1,4ioxan (R 111936/374066, S 91636/3746),

Dung dch 1% phenolphthalein trong pyriin (R 1120/21/22,S 2628)

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Dng c

Cn c chnh xc ti thiu 0,01 g, nm bnh tam gic 50ml, nm cc th nghim 250 ml, pipet Pasteur, b du v bpun c khuy t, t sy chn khng, cn c thang chia mg.

Quy trnh th nghim 1: S polyme ho m vng ngin

Neat ringopening polymerization

1. Cho vo mi bnh y trn mt c (RBF) 50 ml 0,13g L

alanin (1,5 mmol) v 5,13 g caprolacton (45 mmol) v khuy

hn hp 160oC trong b du. Ni cc bnh vi ng ng chanit khi lm tng p sut khi un nng.

2. Ti mi thi im 1, 5, 12 v 24 h ly mt bnh ra khi bdu v lm lnh bnh n nhit phng. Ho tan hn hptrong 5 ml tetrahydrofuran (THF) ri kt ta sn phm polymebng cch rt dung dch vo 80 ml dung dch metanol/nc (v/v =4/1).

3. Lc sn phm polyme v lm kh trong t sy chn khngtrong vi gi. Xc nh khi lng ca sn phm polyme sykh.

Quy trnh 2: Chun vi KOH

1. Pha dung dch chun (khong 0,008 M) ca KOH trongisopropyl alcohol/1,4ioxan (v/v=1/4)

2. Ho tan mi mu polyme iu ch theo cch ni trntrong 5,0 ml isopropyl alcohol/1,4dioxan (v/v=1/4). Dng pipet

ly 1ml dung dch ni trn v cho thm 4 git dung dch 1%phenolphthalein/pyridin, ri chun vi dung dch chun KOH.Lp i lp li cc php chun .

3. Tnh gi tr phn t khi thc nghim trung bnh (g/mol)t th tch trung bnh ca dung dch KOH.

4. Tin hnh cc bc 2, 3 vi cc mu polyme khc.

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Cu hi

Gi s rng 100% monome b chuyn ho sau 24 h v tonb amino axit (alanin) lin kt trong polyme.

11. Hp cht to thnh c cu to nh th no khi alanin tncng caprolacton? Gii thch ngha ca vic chun viKOH.

12. Tnh lng polyme to thnh, s mol KOH dng chun, s mt xch polyme, gi tr phn t khi trung bnh(g/mol) ca polyme (Mn) v polyme ho.

Mu sau 1h

Mu sau 2h

Mu sau 5 hMu sau 24

h

Lng polyme (g)

Th tch dung dch KOH (ml)

Lng KOH (mmol)

Lng quy ra mol ca polyme(mmol)

Mn (g/mol)

polyme ho

13. V cu to sn phm polyme thu c t cc th nghim 1,5, 12, v 24 h. Cc n nguyn lp li trong chui polyme c thbiu din nh v d nu di y.

V d: Axit 11aminounecanoic

H2N COOH

10

Bi 2. Phng php chun xc nh Fe cc trng thioxi ha khc nhau

Mt s phng php xc nh Fe trng thi oxy ha +2 v +3 c tholun cc bi tp trong lp hc. Bn c mi th thm mt phng php na gii quyt bi tp bng thc nghim.

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Thuc th v dung dch cn thit

KIO3 (R9, R22, R36/37/38, S35).

KI (R36/38, R4243, R61, S26, S36/37/39, S45) HCl (R34, R37, S26, S36,

S45), c v 2M HNO3 (R8, R35, S1/2, S23, S26, S36, S45), c Axit sunfo

salicylic 25 %.

Dung dch NH3 10% (R10, R23, R34, R50, S1/2, S16, S36/37/39, S45, S61).

Dung dch EDTA chun khong 0,05M (R36, S26), nng chnh xc sc cho sau.

1. Chun b dung dch chun u tin KIO31.1. Tnh khi lng KIO3chnh xc n 0,0001 gam cn thit chun b

200,0 ml dung dch KIO30,01000 M.

1.2. Dng cn phn tch ly chnh xc lng KIO3. Lng KIO3ny c thkhc so vi tnh ton khng qu 0,05 gam v phi c cn vi chnh xc0,0001 gam.

1.3. Chuyn lng KIO3 sang bnh nh mc 200,0 ml, ha tan n trongnc, pha long n vch nh mc v trn u.

1.4. Tnh ton chnh xc nng mol/L dung dch va mi pha.

2. Chun b dung dch chun axit ascorbic

2.1. Tnh khi lng axit ascorbic vi chnh xc n 0,01 gam cn thit pha 200 mL dung dch nng 0,1 M.

2.2. Dng cn k thut cn. Lng cn c th khc so vi lng tnh tonnhng khng qu 0,05 gam.

2.3. Ha tan lng axit ascorbic mi cn vo khong 200 ml nc, trn u,chuyn dung dch sang mt l v dng nt ng cht.

3. Chun ha dung dch axit ascorbic

3.1. y vo buret dung dch axit ascorbic.3.2. Dng pipet chuyn 10,00 mL dung dch chun KIO 3 sang bnh nn

(Erlen), thm 20 mL dung dch KI 5% v 5 mL dung dch HCl 2M.

3.3. Chun hn hp vi axit ascorbic n khi mu ca Iot bin mt.

Ch : khi chun Iot vi nhng dung dch cht kh, h tinh bt thngc thm vo nh mt cht ch th. y khng khuyn lm nh vy bi v tc

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phn ng s gim rt mnh khi c h tinh bt.

3.4. Lp li php chun n khi thu c 3 th tch dung chun khcnhau khng qu 0,10 mL.

3.5. Tnh trung bnh th tch dung chun .

3.6. Tnh nng mol/L ca axit ascorbic.

Cu hi

4. Vit v cn bng tt c nhng phng trnh xy ra trong qu trnh chunha dung dch axit ascorbic. Bit axit ascorbic C 6H8O6b oxi ha thnh axitdehydro ascorbic C6H8O6.

5. KIO3 trong KI d cng c th c dng nh cht chun chun haHCl. Phng php tng t nh phng php m t trn nhng trong trnghp ny khng thm HCl vo dung dch chun . Nhng cht no c th dnglm ch th cho php chun ny?

a. H tinh bt

b. Axit sunfosalicylic

c. Metyl da cam

d. Metyl da cam + Na2S2O3d

4. Xc nh Fe(III) bng php chun ascorbic.4.1. Ly dung dch mu cha Fe(II) v Fe(III) (trong bnh nh mc 100,0 ml)

t ngi hng dn ca bn. Pha long dung dch cho ti vch nh mc bngnc v trn u.

4.2. y buret bng dung dch chun axit ascorbic.

4.3. Dng pipet cho 10,00 mL dung dch mu vo bnh nn (erlen) 100 mL,thm 40 mL nc v un nng cho ti gn si.

4.4. Thm 45 git axit sunfosalicylic 25% vi vai tr nh mt cht ch thvo hn hp un nng trn.

4.5. Chun dung dch bng dung dch ascorbic n khi mu tm bin mt.Trong qu trnh chun c bit l gn im kt thc, dung dch phi nng. Bnc th cn phi un nng thm nu cn thit. Gn im kt thc, axit ascorbic nnthm rt t t.

4.6. Lp li th nghim n khi thu c 3 th tch dung dch dng chun c sai khc khng qu 0,10 ml.

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4.7. Tnh th tch trung bnh dung dch dng chun .

4.8. Tnh khi lng Fe(III) trong mu dung dch a cho bn.

Ch : axit ascorbic, c bit trong dung dch nc, rt bn v b oxi habng oxy t khng kh. Do qu trnh chun ha dung dch axit ascorbic v qutrnh xc nh Fe(III) bng ascorbic phi c thc hin trong 1 ngy.

Cu hi

1. Vit v cn bng tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnhxc nh Fe(III).

Bit axit ascorbic C6H8O6b oxi ha thnh axit dehydro ascorbic C6H8O6.

2. Trong mi trng no axit ascorbic th hin tnh cht kh r rt nht?

A. Trong mi trng axit.

B. Trong mi trng trung tnh.

C. Trong mi trng kim.

D. Tnh kh ca axit ascorbic khng ph thuc vo pH.

CU TR LI V HNG DN

1. Xc nh tng Fe bng phng php chun to phc

5.1. y buret vi dung dch chun EDTA.

5.2. Chuyn 10,00 mL dung dch mu vo bnh nn 100 mL bng pipet.Thm 5 mL HCl c v 2 mL HNO 3 c oxi ha Fe(II) c mt trong muthnh Fe(III). y bnh nn bng thy tinh trong, un nng cho n si v tip tcun nng khong 35 pht v trnh dung dch bn.

5.3. Lm ngui dung dch v trung ha cn thn n bng cch thm tng git

dung dch NH3 10% n khi mu ca dung dch chuyn t mu vng chanh sang

hi vng nu v hi c.

5.4. Thm 12 git HCl 2M ha tan cht kt ta, sau thm 0,5 mL HCl2M, pha long n 50 mL bng nc ct v un nng n gn si.

5.5. Thm 45 git sunfosalicylic 25% vi vai tr nh mt cht ch th vohn hp un nng trn.

5.6. Chun dung dch n khi mu tm chuyn thnh mu vng r rt.Trong qu trnh chun c bit l gn im kt thc, dung dch phi nng. Bn

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c th cn phi un nng thm nu cn thit. Gn im kt thc, dung dch EDTAnn thm rt t t.

5.7. Lp li th nghim n khi thu c 3 th tch dung dch dng chun c sai khc khng qu 0,10 mL.

5.8. Tnh th tch trung bnh dung dch dng chun .

5.9. Tnh tng khi lng Fe trong mu a cho bn.

5.10. Tnh khi lng Fe(II) bng hiu gia kt qu t c trong 5.9 v 4.8.

Cu hi1. Vit v cn bng tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnhxc nh tng Fe.

2. Mt trong nhng im ct li trong vic xc nh Fe(III) bng phngphp chun to phc l phi tuyt i duy tr axit cho dung dch. L do nota phi lm nh vy?

A. Nu axit qu thp, Fe(OH)3s kt ta.

B. Nu axit qu cao, phc ca Fe(III) vi sunfosalicylic s khng to ra.

C. Nu axit qu cao, phc ca Fe(III) vi EDTA s khng to ra.

D. Nu axit qu thp/cao cht dng chun s phn hy.

Bi 3. Tng hp transdiclo dietylendiamin coban (III) cloruav ng lc hc ca qu trnh thy phn trong mi trng axit

ng phn hnh hc (khng gian) biu din s sp xp khc nhau trongkhng gian ca cc nguyn t xung quanh mt nguyn t trung tm. ng phnhnh hc thng c cc c im tnh cht vt l v ha hc (Geometrical isomersusually have distinctive physical and chemical properties). Cc ng phn cisvtransca phc bt din ca Coban l mt v d in hnh.

Phc cht ca ion Co(III) tng i bn v c th tn ti ring r tng dngng phn. V d, ion diclo dietylen diamin cobalt(III), [Co(en)2Cl2]+, c th tnti hoc ng phn cis hoc trans nh trong hnh di y. Etylen diamine(en) l mt phi t a phi, c th to lin kt cho nhn vi kim loi thng qua

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cc nguyn t N trong phn t. ng phn cis ca phc c mu tm sm cn ngphn trans c mu xanh lc.

nng thp, ion trans[Co(en)2Cl2]+ mu xanh lc b thy phn trong mitrng axit theo phn ng bc nht, hn hp ng phn cis v trans[Co(en)2(H2O)Cl]2+ c mu c to ra nh sau:

[Co(en)2(H2O)Cl]2+ + H2O cis v trans[Co(en)2(H2O)Cl]2+

Xanh lc

Trong th nghim ny, mui clorua ca phc transdiclo diethylene diamincoban(III) s c tng hp v hng s tc phn ng thy phn trong mitrng axit cng c xc nh.

Ha cht v thuc th Ethylenediamine, H2NC2H4NH2, 10% th tch (v/v).

Cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O.

Dung dch axit HCl(aq) c.

Dung dch axit H2SO4(aq), 1,0 molL1.

Ha cht Trng thi Cc nhn t ri ro Cc iu kin an ton

H2NC2H4NH2 Lng, 10% theo th tch 11 20 21 22 35 3 16 26 29 36 37 39 45

CoCl26H2O Rn 22 42 43 49 50 53 22 45 53 60 61

HCl (aq) Dung dch c23 24 25 34 36 37

38 26 36 37 39 45

H2SO4 (aq) Dung dch 1,0 molL123 24 25 35 36 37

38 49

23 30 36 37 39 45

Dng c

Chn nung

Thit b un cch hi (Steam bath)

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Cc chia vch, 25 mL (2)

Pipet, 10 mL

a thy tinh

ng ong chia vch, 25 mL

Thit b o quang UVVis

Cuvet dng cho my o quang

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A. iu ch transdichlorobis (ethylenediamine) cobalt (III) chloride (trans[CoCl2(en)2]Cl)

1. Ha tan 1,6 gam CoCl2.6H2O bng 5,0 mL nc ct trong chn nung, thnghim c tin hnh trong t ht.

2. Thm 9,0 mL dung dch ethylen diamine nng 10% (theo th tch) votrong chn nung.

3. t chn nung vo thit b un cch hi nc v khuy trong thi gian40 pht. Th tch dung dch c gi khng i bng cch cho thm tng lngnh nc nng vo. Trong qu trnh ny, Co(II) b oxi ha thnh Co(III) bi oxi

khng kh, do vy vic khuy u l cn thit lm tng lng oxi ha tan vodung dch.

4. Thm vo dung dch phn ng 10 mL dung dch HCl c v tip tc unnng v khuy (khng cho thm nc) cho n khi to thnh lp tinh th mng.

5. Lm kh cc tinh th bng thit b un cch hi nc loi b HCl v H 2O.

6. Cn khi lng v tnh hiu sut.

B. ng lc hc ca qu trnh thy phn transdiclo di (etylendiamin) coban(III) clorua

1. Ha tan 0,10 g trans[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl bng 5,0 mL nc ct trong ng nghim2. Dng pipet ly khong 2 mL dung dch vo cuvet o mt quang. S

dng thit b o mu hoc my o ph hp th phn t o hp th ca dungdch ti bc sng 620 nm (k thut vin tr gip trong khi o). Ghi gi tr mt quang (A0) ca dung dch ti thi gian t0, 0,0 pht nh trong bng sau (Bng 31)

3. Ly 0,20 g trans[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl vo cc thy tinh v cho thm vo cc10,0 mL dung dch H2SO4 1,0M.

4. Dng pipet ly khong 2 mL dung dch vo cuvet o mt quang. Sdng thit b o mu hoc my o ph hp th phn t o hp th ca dungdch ti bc sng 620 nm (k thut vin tr gip trong khi o). C 10 pht o 1ln (k hiu thi gian ti) cho trong thi gian 90 pht v ghi gi tr mt quangnh trong bng sau y (Bng 32).

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Bng 31. Kt qu o mt quang ca dung dch mu

STT Thi gian (pht) A(abs)

t0 0,0

t1

t2

t3

t4

t5

t6

t7

t8t9

t10

X l s liu

A. 1. Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh iu ch transdiclo dietylen diamincoban(III) chlorua.

Khi lng mol phn t ca trans[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl =335,49 g/mol

Khi lng mol phn t ca CoCl2.6H2O=237,93 g/mol

Khi lng CoCl2.6H2O dng = 1,604 gSau khi sy kh, khi lng trans[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl thu c = 1,999 g

Khi lng tnh theo l thuyt

1

3

_O6HCoClmol1

]ClClCo(en)[1

g237,93

O6HCoClmol1g1,604

22

2222

=

transmol

transmol

= 2,262 g trans[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl

Hiu sut = %88,41002,262

1,999=

B. Biu din0

lnA

Attheo thi gian

Bng 3-2: Biu din0

lnA

Attheo thi gian

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t (pht) A0

ln A

At

0 1,392 010 1,379 0,0093820 1,372 0,0144730 1,364 0,0203240 1,36 0,0232650 1,348 0,03260 1,343 0,0358470 1,333 0,0433180 1,329 0,0463190 1,321 0,05235

2. Xc nh hng s tc phn ng ca phn ng bc nht t kt qu thcnghim trn hnh v

dc cho ta bit hng s tc phn ng bc 1: k= 5,6104 min1

3. Gii thch ti sao gi tr mt quang c th s dng trc tip tnhnng .

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Theo nh lut Beer: A= bc

Trong , h s hp th phn t () v b dy cuvet (b) l khng i trongqu trnh o, nh vy, mt quang lin h trc tip vi nng . Do :

Bi 4. Phn tch hm lng mui Canxi

Trong t nhin c rt nhiu loi mui ca canxi. Mui cacbonat, mui cloruav mui sunfate l cc mui thng gp. Khng ging nh mui cacbonat vmui sunfat, mui canxi clorua tan c trong nc. Mui canxi cabonat phnng vi cc axit Bronsted gii phng ra kh cacbon dioxit:

CaCO3(s) + 2 H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Trong th nghim ny, thnh phn trong hn hp cc mui ca canxi cxc nh da vo tan ca mui v phn ng ca CaCO3 vi axit mnh.

Ha cht v thuc th

Hn hp cc mui ca canxi gm: CaCO3 40,0% khi lng, CaCl2 5,0%khi lng, v CaSO4 55,0% khi lng (hoc hn hp vi thnh phn bt kcng c th s dng c, lng mu v axit clohydric c th iu chnh cho phhp thu c lng th tch kh CO2 mong mun).

Axit clohydric, HCl(aq) 3,0 molL1

Natri clorua, NaCl

Axeton, CH3COCH3

Ha cht Trng thi Cc nhn t ri ro Cc iu kin anton

CaCO3 Rn 36 37 38 37 38 41

CaCl2 Rn 36 22 24

CaSO4 Rn 22 24 25

HCl(aq) 3.0 molL1 23 24 25 34 36 37 38 26 36 37 39 45

NaCl Rn 36 2636

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CH3COCH3 Lng 11 36 66 67 2 9 16 26

Dng c

Dng c c ch ra trong hnh 41

B lm lnh

Pipet, 10 mL

ng ong c chia vch, 25 mL

Phu

Giy lc (Whatman 42)

Con t

My khuy t Nt cao su (Septum)

Hnh 41. Dng c dng o th tch kh sinh ra t phn ng

A. Chun b b lm lnh

Cho mt lng va NaCl vo trong b lm lnh c cha khong 300 mL

nc , trn u thu c dung dch nhit di 5C. S dng nc

nhit di 10C.

B. Phn ng vi axit clohydric

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1. Lp dng c th nghim nh trong hnh 41 trong t ht. Kim tra li h

dng c lp t c gi trong gi v ng thy tinh chia c ni vi

bnh cu c nhnh (Schlenk tube or Schlenk flask) bng ng Tygon hay khng.

2. y nc vo trong ng thy tinh chia bng cch nc qua bu

thy tinh m.

3. Ly chnh xc 1,00 g hn hp mui t mt l thy tinh nh cho vo bnh

cu c nhnh bng phu. Cho con t vo trong bnh cu c nhnh.

4. Ra phu bng 3 4 mL nc ct m bo ton b mu c a vo

bnh cu c nhnh.

5. Lm ng c dung dch trong bnh cu bng cch nhng y bnh cu vo

trong b lm lnh (icebath).

6. Thm 10,0 mL dung dch HCl 3,0 molL1 vo trong bnh cu c nhnh v

y kn bnh cu c nhnh bng nt cao su.

7. iu chnh chiu cao ca nc trong ng thy tinh chia n vch 0 bng

cch thay i chiu cao ca bu thy tinh.

8. M kha ni gia bnh cu c nhnh vi ng thy tinh chia vch v b b

lm lnh ra ngoi.

9. Khi nc trong bnh cu c nhnh bt u tan chy, axit s phn ng vi

CaCO3 gii phng kh CO2.

10. Ch n khi khng cn s thay i mc nc trong bnh chia vch na,

lc cng khng quan st thy kh thot ra na, ghi th tch kh thu c.

11. M bnh cu c nhnh v lc dung dch. Ra phn cht rn thu c bng

nc ct, sau ra bng xeton. Gn phn nc lc vo bnh cha dung dch

axit thi.

12. Ghi khi lng mui canxi sunfat khan thu c.

X l s liu

1. Tnh s mol kh CO2 sinh ra. (Cn ch n p sut hi ca dung dch axit iu kin nhit thc hin phn ng).

Trong th nghim ny, 1,0 gam hn hp mui ca canxi vi thnh phnnh sau:

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40,0% CaCO3 400 mg

5,0% CaCl2 50 mg

55,0% CaSO4 550 mg

10,0 mL dung dch HCl 2,0 M c chun b bng cch pha long t dungdch HCl bo ha (12,06 M).

Pha long 1,66 mL dung dch HCl 12,06Mthnh 10 mL.

p sut kh quyn = 0,908 at; p sut hi ca dung dch axit HCl khong0,043 at 25,0 C.

Th tch kh CO2 to thnh l 112,3 mL.CaCO3(g) + 2H+(aq) Ca+2 (aq) +H20(l) + CO2(g)

PCO2 = Pat PHCl(aq) = 0,9080,043 = 0,865 at.

Vi tha nhn rng CO2 l mt kh l tng, t cng thc PV = nRT.

0,865 at 0,1123 L = n 0,082 atLmol1K1 298 K, n = 3,98 mmol CO2

2. Tnh lng CaCO3 tham gia phn ng:

1 mol CO2 1mol CaCO3

1 mol CaCO3 =100,0 g

Tng lng CaCO3 phn ng = 3,98 103 mol CaCO3 3

3

1

0,100

CaCOmol

CaCOg=

0,398 g

3. Tnh phn trm khi lng CaSO4 c trong mu phn tch

Kt ta CaSO4 c lc ra t dung dch v xc nh khi lng:

Khi lng ca CaSO4= 0,453 g

% Khi lng ca CaSO4 = 0,453/1,000 100 = 45,3 %

4. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca CaCO3 v CaCl2 c trong hn hp mui.

Khi lng CaCl2 trong hn hp c tnh bng cch ly tng khi lnghn hp (1,000 g) tr i khi lng ca CaCO3 v khi lng ca CaSO4:

1,000 0,398 0,453 = 0,149 g CaCl2

% khi lng ca CaCO3 = (0,398/1,000) 100 = 39,8 %

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% khi lng ca CaCl2 = (0,149/1,000) 100 = 14,9 %

5. Tho lun v cc nguyn nhn gy ra sai s ca th nghim.

i vi CaCO3 = (400398)/400 = 0,5 % (sai s m)

i vi CaSO4 = (550453)/550 = 17,6 % (sai s m)

i vi CaCl2 = (14950)/50 = 198 % (sai s dng)

Qu trnh lc CaSO4 l rt kh bi v kch thc ca cc ht. Do , hmlng ca CaSO4 xc nh c nh hn gi tr thc. Hm lng ca CaCl 2 xcnh c bng cch tnh t hm lng ca CaCO3 v CaSO4, do vy sai s

trong php tnh hm lng CaCl2 l rt ln.Sai s trong php o CO2 v lc CaSO4 dn n sai s trong kt qu xc nh

hm lng CaCl2 l rt ln.

Bi 5. Tng hp v phn tch aspirin

Aspirin hay axit axetylsalixylic va l este hu c va l axit hu c. Nc dng rng ri lm thuc gim au v thuc gim st. N thng c tnghp bng phn ng ca axit salixylic vi anhirit axetic theo phn ng sau:

Axit salixylic anhirit axetic axit axetylsalixylic axit axetic

Lng axit axetylsalixylic sinh ra c xc nh bng phng php chun bng baz mnh nh NaOH.

CH3COOC6H4COOH + OH

(aq) CH3COOC6H4COO

(aq) + H2O (l)Tuy nhin, l este nn axit axetylsalixylic d dng b thu phn, do , trong

chun thng thng bng baz mnh, mi trng kim s gy ra hin tngthu phn, dn n sai s trong qu trnh chun . Do vy, phng php chun ngc c s dng, trong bc th nht, tt c lng axit c trong dungdch c trung ho bi lng d baz mnh, chng hn NaOH. Trong phn ng

35

OH

OH

O

CH3

O

O

CH3

O

O

CH3

O

OH

O O

OH

CH3+ +


20/36

trung ho axitbaz ca h aspirin/NaOH, mi mol NaOH phn ng vi 1 molaspirin. Trong phn ng thu phn chm aspirin, mi mol NaOH cng phn nght vi 1 mol aspirin. Do , s mol NaOH em phn ng phi nhiu hn 2 ln smol aspirin. Sau , lng NaOH d c xc nh bng phng php chun

bng dung dch chun axit.

Trong th nghim ny, axit axetylsalixylic c tng hp. Ton b lng axitthu c s em xc nh bng phng php chun ngc.

Ho cht

Axit salixylic, CH3COOC6H4COOH (Nhm ch ny! Phi l

HOC6H4COOH) Anhirit axetic, (CH3CO)2O

Axit photphoric, H3PO4 hoc axit sunfuric, H2SO4 c

Etanol, C2H5OH

Natri hiroxit, NaOH 0,50 mol.L1

Axit clohiric, HCl 0,30 mol.L1

Cht ch th phenolphtalein

Ho cht Trng thi Mc nguy him Quy nh v an ton

HOC6H4COOH Rn 22 36 37 38 41 61 22 26 36 37 39

(CH3CO)2O Lng 10 20 22 34 26 36 37 39 45

H3PO4 c 23 24 25 35 36 37 38 49 23 30 36 37 39 45

H2SO4 c 23 24 25 35 36 37 38 49 23 30 36 37 39 45

C2H5OH Lng 11 20 21 22 36 37 38 40 7 16 24 25 36 37 39 45

NaOH (aq) 0,50 mol.L1 35 26 37 39 45

HCl (aq) 0,30 mol.L1 23 25 34 38 26 36 37 39 45

Thit b v dng c:

Cc thu tinh, 100 mL

Bnh tam gic, 250 mL (2)

Pipet, 5 mL v 10 mL

ng ong, 50 mL

Buret, 50 mL

a khuy

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Phu Buchner

Giy lc

Bnh lc chn khng

Mao qun o nhit nng chy

Nhit k, 1100C

My o im nng chy

Bnh ng nc ra

A. Tng hp aspirin, axit axetylsalixylic1. Cn mt lng chnh xc 3,00 g axit salixylic cho vo trong bnh tam gic

100 mL.

2. Thm 6,00 mL anhirit axetic v 48 git axit photphoric vo trong bnhphn ng v khuy u hn hp.

3. un nng dung dch ti 801000C bng cch t bnh phn ng vo ncnng trong khong 15 pht.

4. Thm t t tng git 2 mL nc lnh cho ti khi phn ng phn hu (thuphn) anhirit xy ra hon ton, sau cho thm 40 mL nc v lm lnh dungdch trong trong nc . Nu tinh th cht rn khng xut hin, ch a khuyvo thnh bnh phn ng to mm cho qu trnh kt tinh.

5. Cn khi lng giy lc dng lc. Lc cht rn bng cch lc ht thngqua phu Buchner v ra tinh th cht rn bng mt cht nc lnh khong 50C.

6. kt tinh li, ho tan cht rn trong cc thu tinh bng 10 mL etanol vsau thm 25 mL nc m.

7. y cc thu tinh bng tm knh v lm lnh cc bng nc qu

trnh kt tinh xy ra hon ton.8. Lc ht thu ly sn phm kt tinh nh bc 5.

9. Ly giy lc c cha sn phm t trn tm knh ri lm kh trong t sy 1000C trong khong 1 gi, sau cn sn phm.

10. Xc nh im nng chy (1350C) xc nh tinh khit.

B. Xc nh hm lng axit axetylsalixylic

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1. Ho tan 0,5 gam aspirin trong 15 mL etanol trong bnh tam gic 250 mL.

2. Thm vo 20 mL dung dch NaOH 0,5 mol.L1.

3. tng tc phn ng, un nng mu trong bt nc khong 15 phtsau khi cho thm 2 hoc 3 vin bt vo bnh. Thnh thong khuy hn hptrong bnh.

Ch : Trnh un si v mu c th b phn hu.

4. Lm lnh mu ti nhit phng v thm vo 24 git cht ch thphenolphtalein vo trong bnh. Mu ca dung dch phi l mu hng nht. Nudung dch khng mu cho thm 5 mL dung dch NaOH 0,5 mol.L1 v lp li bc

3 v 4.5. Ghi tng th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5 mol.L1 s dng.

6. Chun kim d trong dung dch bng dung dch HCl 0,30 mol.L 1 choti khi mu hng va bin mt v dung dch ln c.

7. Ghi th tch dung dch HCl 0,30 mol.L1 dng chun .

8. Lp li qu trnh chun 2 hoc 3 ln vi cc mu aspirin mi.

X l d liu

1. Tnh hm lng ca Aspirin chun b:

Axit salixylic Anhyrit axetic Axit axetylsalixylic Axit axetic

Khi lng aspirin theo l thuyt:

n(salicylic acid) =,

,

3 00

13812

= 0,0217 mol, n(aspirin) = 0,0217 mol

Khi lng aspirin = 0.0217180,2 = 3.906 g

Thc nghim:

Khi lng sn phm kh (aspirin) thu c theo thc nghim = 3,03 g

n(aspirin) hay 3,03/180,2 = 0,01682 mol

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Hm lng ca aspirin =3,03

100%3,91 = 77%

Hm lng thp do tan ca aspirin trong nc lnh.

2. Tnh lng axit axetylsalixylic c trong mu asppirin

n(axit axetylsalixylic) theo l thuyt=, g, g/mol100

180 0= 5.55 mmol

40 ml NaOH 0,5 M cha 20 mmol

Chun 1,00 g mu vi HCl 0.30 M, thc nghim dng trung bnh 27.0 ml

27 ml HCl 0,3M cha 8,10 mmoln(NaOH dng phn ng vi axit axetylsalixylic) = 20.0 8.10 = 11.9 mmol

1,0 mol axit axetylsalixylic phn ng vi 2,0 mol NaOH nn

n (axit axetylsalixylic) =,1192

= 5.95 mmol

loi b axit axetic to ra sau phn ng, qu trnh kt tinh li (ti kt tinh)c lp i lp li v ra sch mu bng nc d. Do lng mu gim t 1,50g n 1,05 g.

Trong s chun ti kt tinh 1,00 g mu vi HCl 0.30 M, thc nghim dngtrung bnh 28.9 ml.

28,9 ml HCl 0,30M cha 8,67 mmol

n(NaOH dng phn ng vi axit axetylsalixylic) = 20,0 8,67 = 11,3 mmol

1,0 mol axit axetylsalixylic phn ng vi 2,0 mol NaOH nn:

n (axit axetylsalixylic) =,113

2= 5,67 mmol

3. Tnh tinh khit ca aspirin v biu th bng t l

phn trm khi lngim nng chy ca mu l 132oC ch ra rng mu khng tinh khit. Khi

lng axit axetylsalixylic tm thy trong (b) nhiu hn so vi l thuyt ch ra rngphng php tnh cho thy khng ch axit axetylsalixylic m cn axit salixylic vsn phm ph axit axetic cng khng phn ng. V vy n s nh hng n tinh khit ca mu aspirin.

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Bi 6. Xc nh hm lng st v ng bngphng php chun iot

Cc hp kim do c to ra bng cch trn ln cc kim loi nh Al, Ni hocCu vi hm lng cao ca 1 hoc 2 kim loi khc. Hp kim do c s dngrng ri trong cc ngnh cng nghip nh dng bn sn phm (semifinished

products). Trong cc x nghip luyn kim, hp kim c cho vo cc hn hp kimloi nng chy khc vi cc mc ch nh thay i thnh phn thu c cctnh cht ha hc, tnh dn in, hoc tnh cht c hc ca sn phm cui cng.

Trong th nghim ny, 1 mu dung dch hp kim do bao gm st v ng sc phn tch bng hai phng php chun . u tin, hm lng ion Fe(III)s c xc nh bng cch cho kt ta vi pyrophosphate trong dung dch axit vsau hm lng ion Cu(II) c tnh t tng hm lng st c trong dung dcho bng phng php chun iot gin tip vi dung dch chun l dung dchthiosulfate (S2O32).

Ha cht v thuc th:

Dung dch cn xc nh 0,10 M (simulating a digested sample of alloycontaining both Fe3+ v Cu2+ ions in 46 gL1)

Dung dch Natri thiosunfat chun, Na2S2O3, 0,050 molL1

Dung dch natri pyrophotphat, Na4P2O7, 5,0%

Dung dch axit clohydric, HCl (aq), 4,5 molL1

Dung dch kali iodua, KI, 10 %

H tinh bt, 5,0%

Ha cht Trng thi Cc nhn t ri ro Cc iu kin an ton

Dung dch HCl 4.5 molL1 23 25 34 38 26 36 37 39 45

Dung dch KI 10% 36 38 42 43 61

Dng c

Buret: 50 mL

ng ong chia vch: 50 mL

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Eclen: 250 mL (2)

Pipet: 5 mL v 10 mL

Mt knh ng h: (2)

A. Xc nh ion Cu(II)

1. Ly chnh xc 10,0 mL dung dch cn xc nh vo eclen loi 250 ml, thm50 mL nc ct v trn u.

2. Cho tip vo eclen 20 mL dung dch pyrophotphat 5,0%, 5,0 mL dung dchHCl 4,5 molL1 v 40 mL dung dch KI 10%. Khi dung dch pyrophotphat ccho vo, c th c kt ta xut hin.

3. y kn eclen bng tm knh ng h trong bng ti trong thi gian t 3n 5 pht cho n khi xut hin kt ta trng.

4. Chun eclen bng dung dch Na2S2O3 chun nng 0,020 mol.L1 chon khi thu c mu vng nht.

5. Ti thi im ny, cho tip 5 mL dung dch h tinh bt 5% vo lm ch thv chun cho ti khi dung dch chuyn t mu xanh m sang mu trng sath dng li.

6. Ghi gi tr th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 va cho vo.

B. Xc nh tng lng Cu(II) v Fe(III)1. Ly chnh xc 10.0 mL dung dch cn xc nh vo eclen 250 mL, thm 50

mL nc ct v lc u.

2. Thm tip 2 mL dung dch HCl 4,5 molL1 v 40 mL dung dch KI 10%vo dung dch ni trn v lc u.

3. y kn bnh bng mt knh ng h v trong bng ti t 35 pht. Tac th nhn thy mt lng nh kt ta mu trng.

4. Chun dung dch trn bng dung dch Na2S2O3 chun nng 0,020

mol.L1

cho n khi thu c mu vng nht.5. Ti thi im ny, cho tip 5 mL dung dch h tinh bt 5% vo lm ch th

v chun cho ti khi dung dch chuyn t mu xanh m sang mu trng sath dng li.

6. Ghi gi tr th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 va cho vo.

X l s liu v tr li cu hi

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1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh chun

2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2 Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq)

I2(aq) + I(aq) I3(aq)

I3(aq) + 2 S2O32(aq) 3I(aq) + S4O62(aq)

2 Cu2+(aq) + 4I(aq) 2 CuI(s) + I2(aq)

2 S2O32(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62(aq) + 2 I(aq)

2 Cu2+(aq) + 2 S2O32(aq) + 2 I(aq) 2 CuI(s) + S4O62(aq)

2. Gii thch ti sao dung dch c tnh axit.

Phn ng nh lng xy ra trong dung dch c mi trng trung tnh hocaxit yu. Trong dung dch baz mnh hoc axit mnh, th khng ch xy ra qutrnh oxi ha ca thiosunfat. V trong mi trng baz mnh, ion thiosufate(S2O32) s b oxi ha thnh ion sunfat (SO 42) cng nh thnh ion tetra thionat(S4O62). Trong mi trng axit mnh, axit thiosufuric c to thnh s t oxiha kh to thnh axit sunfur v lu hunh. C hai qu trnh ny u dn nsai s trong php nh lng m phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh nh lngkhc vi phn ng va nu trn.

Trong mt s trng hp, lng iot t do c chun trong dung dchaxit yu, mi trng ny c to ra cho phn ng gia cht oxi ha mnh vion I. Trong nhng trng hp ny, php chun iot phi kt thc nhanhnhm hn ch s tip xc vi khng kh, v mi trng axit rt thun li choqu trnh oxi ha ion Ibi oxi khng kh.

42


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3. Gii thch ti sao ta phi cho h tinh bt ti thi im gn kt thc chun ?Nu khng c h tinh bt, ta s khng quan st c im kt thc chun

. Bi v mu vng ca dung dch rt nht nu khng c h tinh bt. Do vy srt kh quan st im kt thc chun khi nng ca iot rt nh.

(Comment: Nn gii thch r rng hn cu cui v a thm l do ti saokhng cho HTB ngay t lc bt u chun )

4. Tnh s mol ion Cu2+ v Fe3+ c trong dung dch cn xc nh

Chun bng dung dch Na2S2O3 0,050 M:

15,2 mL Na2S2O3 0,05 mol L1 Na2S2O3

)(1060,71

1 42

32

2

IICumolOSmol

Cumol

+

=

Chun bng dung dch Na2S2O3 0,020 M:

40,7 mL Na2S2O3 0,02 mol L1 Na2S2O3

)(1014,81

1 42

32

2

IICumolOSmol

Cumol

+

=

Xc nh tng ion Cu(II) v Fe(III):

n(Cu(II) + Fe(III)) = 34,0 mL Na2S2O3 0,05 mol L1 Na2S2O3 = 1,70103 mol

n( Fe(III)) = 1,70103 8,14104 mol Cu(II) = 8,86104 mol Fe(III)

5. Tnh t l khi lng ion Cu2+ v ion Fe3+.

8,14 104 mol Cu(II) 63,55 gmol1= 5,18102 g

8,86 104 mol Fe(III) 55,84 gmol1 = 4,95102 g

T l khi lng = 05,11095,4

105,182-

-2

=

Bi 7. Phn tch hn hp mui clorua

Thnh phn ca mt dung dch ch gm MgCl2 v NaCl c th c xc nhtheo phng php chun gin tip bng cch chun kt ta xc nh tnglng ion clorua c mt, sau chun to phc xc nh lng ion magie.

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K thut chun kt ta c dng xc nh lng ion clorua trong dungdch l phng php Fajans. Trong php o bc ny, bc nitrat c dng lmthuc th kt ta cc ion clorua c mt trong dung dch. im cui chun c xc nh nh mt cht ch th hp ph, tiu biu l dichlorofluorescein, lmt axit hu c yu. Trc khi t ti im cui chun , nhng ht nh bcclorua tch in m do hp ph cc ion clorua cn d trong dung dch. Cc anionca ch th b y ra khi b mt tch in m ca cc ht bc clorua, lm dungdch chuyn sang mu xanh lc vng. Tuy nhin, ngay sau im tng ng, ccht bc clorua li hp ph cc ion bc. Nh vy mt lp tch in dng chnh thnh s ht cc ion dichlorofluoresceinate, khi dung dch xut hin muhng. Dextrin c s dng hn ch s keo t ca cc ht bc clorua.

Mt khc, lng ion magie c trong dung dch c th c xc nh bngphng php chun complexon vi axit ethylenediaminetetraacetic, EDTA. Lmt phi t su rng (hexadentate), EDTA to phc cng (chelates) vi tt c ccion kim loi, tr cc ion kim loi kim, theo t l 1:1. Eriocrom en T (EBT) lcht ch th ph bin dng cho chun EDTA. pH > 7,00 EBT t do c muxanh lam cn phc cht ca n vi ion kim loi c mu .

Trong th nghim ny, hm lng clorua ca dung dch gm MgCl 2 v NaCl

s c xc nh bng phng php Fajans. Nng ca ion magie s c xcnh bng phng php chun EDTA.

100 mL dung dch c chun b bng cch ha tan mui MgCl 2 v NaCltrong nc, c gi l mu cha bit. Mc tiu ca th nghim l xc nh nng ca MgCl2 v NaCl theo n v g/100 mL ca dung dch ny.

A. Xc nh tng lng clorua bng phng php Fajans

1. Dng pipet 10 mL, chuyn ht 10,0 mL dung dch t chai dn nhn dungdch cha bit (unknown solution) vo bnh nn 250 mL. Thm nc ct n thtch khong 100 mL.

2. Ly mt trong cc ng Eppendorf bng nha ng trong ti nilon c dnnhn Dextrin v chuyn ht ho cht vo bnh nn.

3. Thm 5 git dung dch ch th dichlorofluorescein.

4. Ghi chnh xc nng ca dung dch chun AgNO3.

5. Rt y dung dch chun AgNO3 vo mt buret.

6. Chun dung dch cha bit n khi dung dch xut hin mu hng.

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7. Ghi th tch ca AgNO3 dng theo mL.

8. Dng chnh bnh nn c s dng ln chun th nht khi tinhnh chun lp li. Cn ra sch bnh nn trc khi lm li bng cch dungdch trong bnh nn vo bnh cha nc thi (Aqueous Waste) ri trng li bnhnn hai ln bng nc ct.

B. Xc nh Mg2+ bng php chun trc tip vi EDTA

1. Rt y dung dch chun EDTA vo buret th hai.

2. Ghi chnh xc nng ca dung dch chun EDTA.

3. Dng pipet 25 mL, chuyn ht 25,0 mL dung dch cha bit vo bnh nn

250 mL. Thm nc ct n th tch khong 100 mL.4. Dng pipet 1 mL, thm 1,0 mL dung dch m pH=10.

5. Thm 34 git dung dch ch th EBT.

6. Chun dung dch cha bit vi dung dch chun EDTA n khi muchuyn t sang xanh lam.

7. Ghi th tch ca dung dch EDTA dng theo mL.

8. Dng chnh bnh nn c s dng ln chun th nht khi tinhnh chun lp li. Cn ra sch bnh nn trc khi lm li bng cch dung

dch trong bnh nn vo bnh cha nc thi (Aqueous Waste) ri trng li bnhnn hai ln bng nc ct.

X l s liu

1. Xc nh s milimol ion Clc trong 100 mL dung dch cha bit.

2. Xc nh s milimol ion Mg2+ c trong 100 mL dung dch cha bit.

3. Tnh nng ca MgCl2 v NaCl trong dung dch cha bit theo s g/100 mL.

Bi 8. iu ch hiro t ammoni boran

Trong cng cuc tm kim nhng ngun nng lng bn vng ca tng lai,hiro c coi l ngun nng lng sch v thn thin vi mi trng. D trhiro mt cch an ton v hiu qu l mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng cakinh t hc hiro. Trong s cc hirua c th dng lm vt liu th rn d trhiro, ammoni boran (H3NBH3) c quan tm nhiu v n c dung lng d tr

45


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hiro ln li bn trong cc iu kin lm vic ca pin nhin liu. Khi thy phn,ammoni boran c th gii phng hiro theo phng trnh 1:

H3N.BH3(aq) + 2H2O(l) NH4BO2(aq) + 3H2(g) (1)

Dung dch nc ca ammoni boran th bn vng, s thy phn ca n ch xyra khi c mt mt cht xc tc thch hp. Nhng nghin cu hin nay cho thyrng cc ht palai (0) kch thc nano c n nh nh cc polime ha tantrong nc l xc tc c hot tnh cao cho phn ng thy phn ammoni boran. Cth to ra cc ht palai (0) kch thc nano ngay trong th nghim ny nh phnng kh kali tetracloropalaat(II) bi chnh ammoni boran khi c mt poly (4

styrenesulfonic acidcomaleic acid). Trong th nghim ny, s thy phn c xctc ca ammoni boran c tin hnh vi kali tetracloropalaat(II) trong dungdch c cha poly (4styrenesulfonic acidcomaleic acid). y, kalitetracloropalaat(II) ng vai tr cht sn sinh ra xc tc, khi n b kh biammoni boran s to ra cc ht palai (0) kch thc nano. Cc ht nano ny cn nh bi poly (4styrenesulfonic acidcomaleic acid) v xc tc cho phn ngthy phn ammoni boran.

I. Chun b b th nghim

1.Kim tra xem b th nghim (c lp t nh hnh v di y) cgi cht trn gi th nghim, ng chia c ni vi bnh c nhnh (Schlenktube) qua ng nha Tygon v thanh khuy t nm trong bnh c nhnh hay cha.

2.Cn m bo rng nt y cao su (septum) h v kha ang m.

3.Bng cch thay i cao ca bu thy tinh, hy a mc nc trong ngchia v im khng.

4.ng kha trn bnh c nhnh.

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Lp b th nghim.

II. S thy phn ca ammoni boranA. Khi khng c cht xc tc

1.Dng phu chuyn ton b dung dch ammoni boran (Solution A) t lthy tinh vo bnh c nhnh.

2.Dng phu cho thm dung dch polime (Solution B) t l thy tinh vobnh c nhnh.

47

ng chia

Thanh khuy t

Bnh c nhnh(SchlenkTube)

Bu thy tinh

Nt y cao su

Bm tim

My khuy t

Kha


32/36

3.ng kn bnh c nhnh bng nt y cao su, t my khuy t ch quay 600 vng/pht (600 rpm ghi trn my), m van ni vi ng chia . Bmgi v ghi mc nc (Vo) ti thi im khng lc bt u bm gi.

4.Tng pht mt hy c v ghi li tng th tch kh to thnh vo bngtrong phiu tr li. Lm nh vy trong 10 pht ri kt thc.

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CNH BO V CC NGUY HIM C TH GPV KHUYN CO V AN TON TRONG KHI LM TH NGHIM

1. Cnh bo cc nguy c c bit (K hiu R Risk)

R 1. Gy n khi dng kh.

R 2. Nguy c n khi va p, ma st, c la hoc ngun gy chy khc.

R 3. Nguy c gy n rt cao khi va p, ma st, c la hoc ngun gy chy khc.

R 4. To ra cc hp cht n kim loi rt nhy.

R 5. un nng c th gy n.

R 6. Gy n khi tip xc hoc khng tip xc vi khng kh.R 7. C th gy chy.

R 8. Tip xc vi vt liu chy c th gy chy.

R 9. Gy n khi trn vi cht d chy.

R 10. C th chy.

R 11. D chy.

R 12. Rt d chy.

R 13. Kh ha lng rt d chy.

R 14. Phn ng mnh lit vi nc.

R 15. Tip xc vi nc gii phng kh d bc chy.

R 16. Gy n khi trn vi cc cht oxi ha.

R 17. T bc chy trong khng kh.

R 18. Khi s dng, c th to ra hn hp hi vi khng kh gy chy hoc n.

R 19. C th to ra cc peoxit gy n.

R 20. Nguy him khi ht vo.

R 21. Nguy him khi tip xc vi da.

R 22. Nguy him nu nut vo.

R 23. Ng c khi ht vo.

R 24. Ng c khi tip xc vi da.

R 25. Ng c nu nut vo.R 26. Rt c khi ht vo.

R 27. Rt c khi tip xc vi da.

R 28. Rt c nu nut vo.

R 29. Tip xc vi nc gii phng kh c.

R 30. Khi s dng, c th rt d chy.

R 31. Tip xc vi axit gii phng kh c.

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R 32. Tip xc vi axit gii phng kh rt c.

R 33. Gy nguy him do cc tc ng tch luy.

R 34. Gy bng.

R 35. Gy bng nng.

R 36. Gy cay mt.

R 37. Kch thch h h hp.

R 38. Gy mn nga da.

R 39. Nguy him do cc tc ng nghim trng khng th loi b.

R 40. C th nguy him do cc tc ng nghim trng khng th loi b.

R 41. Nguy him do gy hng mt nng.

R 42. C th gy s mui khi ht vo.R 43. C th gy mn nga khi tip xc vi da.

R 44. Nguy c gy n nu un nng trong bnh kn.

R 45. C th gy ung th.

R 46. C th gy tn hi gen.

R 47. C th gy tn hi phi.

R 48. Nguy him do b tn hi keo di.

2. Khuyn co van to n (K hiu S Safety)

S 1. Nt kn bnh cha.

S 2. cch xa tm vi cua tre con.S 3. Gi ni thong mt.

S 4. Bo qun cch xa khu dn c.

S 5. Bo qun bnh cha di cc iu kin... (cht lng c nh sn xut a rachi dn ring).

S 6. Bo qun di cc iu kin... (kh tr c nh sn xut chi dn ring).

S 7. Bo qun bnh cha dng ng kn.

S 8. Bo qun bnh cha kh ro.

S 9. Bo qun bnh cha ni thng gi.

S 10. Bo qun bnh cha cht trong bnh dng t.

S 11. Trnh tip xc vi khng kh.S 12. Khng bo qun bnh cha dng kn.

S 13. Bo qun cch xa thc phm, nc ung v thc phm cho gia sc.

S 14. Bo qun cch xa... ( cc cht k nhau phi c nh sn xut chi nh).

S 15. Bo qun cch xa nhit.

S 16. Bo qun cch xa ngun pht la. Cm ht thuc.

S 17. Bo qun cch xa cc cht d chy.

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S 18. Tip xc v m bnh cha ho cht cn thn.

S 19. Khi s dng ha cht khng n hoc ung ng thi.

S 20. Khi s dng ha cht khng ht thuc.

S 21. Khng ht bi ha cht.

S 22. Khng ht kh/khi/ hi/ kh phun sng.

S 23. Trnh tip xc ha cht vi da.

S 24. Trnh ha cht bn vo mt.

S 25. Trong trng hp b bn vo mt, phi ra ngay vi nhiu nc v n cquan y t.

S 26. Ci b ngay o qun b nhim bn ha cht.

S 27. Khi b dnh vo da, ra ngay vi mt lng nhiu... (do nh sn xut chi nh).S 28. Khng lm kh kit bnh cha.

S 29. Khng bao gi c cho nc vo sn phm ny.

S 30. Bo qun cch xa cc cht gy chy.

S 31. Cn c cc bin php phong s phng in.

S 32. Trnh va p v ma st.

S 33. Cht ny v bnh cha n phi c loi b theo cch an ton thch hp.

S 34. Mc qun o bo v thch hp.

S 35. eo gng tay thch hp.

S 36. Trong trng hp khng u thng thong, phi eo thit b h tr h hp.

S 37. eo phng tin bo v mt/ mt.S 38. v sinh sn v cc vt dng b nhim bn ha cht ny, cn s dng... (do

nh sn xut chi nh).

S 39. Trong trng hp chy v/ hoc n khng c ht khi.

S 40. Trong thi gian phun khi / phun sng phi eo thit b tr h hp thch hp.

S 41. Trong trng hp chy, s dng... (chi ro chnh xc dung loi dng c cuha no. Nu nc lm tng nguy c th KHNG bao gi c dung nc).

S 42. Nu cm thy ngi khng khe, n c quan y t ngay (c bin chi dn).

S 43. Trong trng hp tai nn hoc nu ngi khng c khe n c quan y tngay (c bin chi dn).

3. V d v ngha R v S

Diisopropyl ete (Diisopropyl ether)

Cng thc C6H14O Khi lng phn t 102,17

im nng chy 85 oC im si 68 oC

Khi lng ring 0,72 g/cm3

R11 Rt d chy

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R19 C th to peoxit d n

R66 Lm cho da kh nt nu b dy nhiu ln

R67 Ha cht dng hi gy chng mt v bun nn

S9 Gi ni thng gi

S16 Trnh tia la Khng ht thuc

S29 Khng c vo h thng thot nc

S33 Cn c bin php chng phng tnh in

Axit clohidric (Hydrochloric acid)

Cng thc HCl Khi lng phn t 36,46

Khi lng ring 0,909

R11 Rt d chyR37/38 Gy nga mt, h thng h hp v da


S26 Nu ri vo mt, ra ngay vi nhiu nc v xin tr gip y t

S45 Khi b tai nn hoc khi thy khng khe, xin tr gip y t ngay (nu cth, mang theo nhn ha cht)

S7 Cn gi bnh tht kn

Metanol (Methanol)

Cng thc CH4O Khi lng phn t 32,04

im nng chy 98 oC im si 65 oC

Khi lng ring 0,79 g/cm3

R11 Rt d chy

R2325 Rt c khi ngi, tip xc vi da hoc ung

R39/23 Rt c v gy h qu nghim trng khng th hi phc khi ngi, tip

24/25 xc vi da hoc ung

S7 Cn gi bnh tht kn


S36/37 Mang bao tay v mc y phc bo h

S45 Khi gp tai nn hoc cm thy khng khe, xin tr gip y t ngay (nu c

th, mang theo nhn ha cht)

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