1996 issue 2 - the establishment of the sovereignty of jesus part 3 - counsel of chalcedon

8/12/2019 1996 Issue 2 - The Establishment of the Sovereignty of Jesus Part 3 - Counsel of Chalcedon

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Luke 5: 126: 16

The Only ay to CompleteHealth: Reconciliation ith

God ThroughJesus Christ

Jesus bestows complete healthon the total person of the paralyticby beginning with the removal ofthe cause of his physical malady,reminding usthat the wagesof sin is death,and thatJesuscame to save u

from the wagesof sin. Therefore, the onlyway to complete health forthe wholeperson is tohave Godreconciled to

his life in sin and guilt. t is fromthis that man must be redeemed,and it is from this that Jesus doesin fact redeem him "- H van derLoos in Lane on MARK

The Effect of the Miracle onthe Former Paralytic

After being completely healedand forgiven, the man went home,"glorifying God." The wholemiracle affected the man's heartand accomplished the purposeJesus had in the whole incident ofmoving and enabling this man totruly glorify, honor and praiseGod. In fact, the whole crowdwent away that day "glorifying

17:22,24,26,30; 18:8,31; 19:10;21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7. Thepicture ofjesus this title portraysis "the picture of a Redeemer andAdjuster who comes inhumiliation to save, and returns in gloryto gather up the results of Hiswork and finally to adjust the

issues of the historical development of the world."- B B.Warfield, THE LORD OF GLORY,pg. 12lf.

The Significance of the Title,The Son of Man

Jesus used this title because Hesaw Himself as a supertnundane

Beingentering thesphere of

earthly lifeupon a highand beneficent missionupon theaccomplishment ofwhich Hereturns to theheavenlysphere,whence HeUS through the

atoning deathof] esus Christ.

1 ~ 1 L L L . . : . . 2 . L i : 2---'----' - - - - - - : : - = : : : ~ L . l l i I T f . J 2 2 i l l D l Dshall oncemore come

"It is proper to attend to this orderin our prayers. When the feelingof afflictions reminds us 0\ oursins, let us first of all be careful toobtain pardon, that, when God isreconciled to us, He may withdraw His hand frotn punishing."Calvin

The Revelation ofMan's True Need

"In His announcement andgranting of remission of sins, Jesusindicates what man's essentialdistress is. This does not consistin his transient lot in life, with itsmany vicissitudes, but in hisalienation from the living God, in

God." Their amazement hadstarted the continuous praise ofGod.

The Authority of the Son of Manon Earth to Forgive Sins

Here for the first time in Luke'sGospel, we meet the title whichJesus gave Himself and which He

used constantly: "the Son ofMan." This messianic title ofjesusoccurs in the Gospel of Luke sometwenty-five times, and it is alwaysused by Jesus with reference toHimself. t appears to be one ofHis favority self-deSignations, Lk.5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,58;11:30; 12:8,10,40;

t THE COUNSEL of Chalcedon t March 1996

back to earth, now, however, notin humiliation, but in His appropriate majesty, to gather up thefruits of His work and consummate all things. The characteristicnote of 'the Son of Man' on earthis therefore a lowliness which isnot so much a humility as ahumiliation, a o l u n t a r y - s e l f ~

abnegationfor

a purpose. Hecame under the conditions ofhuman life, Mat. 11: 19 on amission of mercy, Lk. 19:10which involved His s e l f ~ s a c r i f i c eMk. 10:45 .... - ... On earth Heexercises an authOrity which doesnot belong to His condition:though destined to be set at


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naught by men , to be evil-treatedand slain, yet He has power toregulate the religious .observancesofthe people of G od, Mk. 2:28,and even to forgive sins, Mk. 2:10.And when His lowly mission isaccomplished He ascends to thethrone of the univer se, Mk. 14:62;

Mt. 19:28; and in o;ille time willreturn i n His glory and render toevelY man according to his works,seated as King on the universaljudgment seat, Mk. 8:38; Mat.25:31. - Warfield, THE LORD OF .GLORY,pg: 135f. .

'. The Old T stament Roots .o the Title

The Prophecy o Christ'sAsctnsion (Daniel 7 : 1 3 ~ 1 4 )

:l;hetitle, the Son of Man, ,isrooted in the revelatory dr eam ofDaniel in Dan. 7: 13-14- 1 keptlookingin the night visions, Andbehold with the clouds oj heavenOne like a Soil oj Man was comingAnd He came up to the Ancient ojDays And was presented beJore Him.And t Him was given dominion .gloryanil a kingdom that all thepeoples nations and men oJeverylanguage lnight serve Him, Hisdominionis an everlasting dominionWhich will not pass away; And Hishingdom is one Which willlwt bedestroyed."

.The Connection othe Title'and the Dream

The connection of the titlewith the dream of Daniel 7:13-14is obvious: the jX)int of connec' 'tion lying iIi the cbnceplion of theKingdom of God, which Jesus 'came to introduce; and which Hefinds particularly promised inDaniel 7:13-14, apparentlybecause it is there depicted,specifically in contrast with theearthly kingdoms which itsupercedes , as a Kingdom ofheaven. But there is much more

expressed. by the title thaI) isdis cernible iI) the dream of Daniel,and that not least with referenceto the person of the found er, whois .conceived, in Jesus' idea, asrepresented by the Synopticrecord, not merely as a .supermundane, perhaps angelic,

figure , but distinctl y assuperangelic, (Mt. 13:41; Lk.9;26; Mt. 16:27; 24;31), transcending all creat1uely relationsand finding Hisapproptiate placeonly by the side of God Himself,whose functions He performs ,(Mk. 2;5; Mat. 25:31), and whosethrone He 'occupies as King, (Mat.2 5 : 3 1 ) . ~Warfield, THE LORDOF GLORY, pg. 136f.

The Title and the Kingdom''''KiTIgdom of God 'and 'the '

Son 'of Man' are co 'rrelates, (p aralleis and counterparts), in Jesus'preaching. The'coming of theSon of Man' (Mat. 10:23) issynonymous with the 'coming ofthe kingdom of God,' as appearsfrom a comparison of Matthew16:18 and Mark 9:1. All ,these indications only describe the'

coalescence of the coming of thekingdom and that of the Son ofMiln. t is He who has to accomplish the coming of the kingdomand to carry out the divine . . 'judgment, and in whose hands,therdore, all authority has beenplaced.

The correlation between theconcepts 'kingdom of heaven' and ''Son of Man'is especially important for the definition of the 'general character of the kingdoID.of heaven. t proves that to a ' .great extent Jesus' preaching isoriented to the prophecy in Daniel7: 13f. - Ridderbos. Inthisprophec y Son of Man s a titlenot a deSCription , (it lacks thearncle). He ascends in clouds of

glory to ~ h ethrone of God , theAncient of Days, Who gives Himuniversal and eternal dominionand an imperishable kingdom.In this prophecy, as indeed in all

Daniel's visions, the universalityand transcendent character of thecoriling kingdom are very promi

nen t: The 'Son of Man' is, consequently, not simply an ordinaryman invested with temporal andearthly dominion. But in the greateschat610gical drama He is theman who has been given unlimited divine author ity ,a nd to 'whom God's universal dominionhas been entrusted. - t isclear that this supernatural anduniversal significance of the 'Sonof Man' to a great extent determines the character of the kingdom of heaven preached by ,Jesus. - Ridderbos, THE COM-

, ING OF THE KINGDOM , pg. 3lf.

The ConclusionsRegarding the Title

The title, the Son of Man,indicate s: 1). Jesus' humanityand Deity. He is the Son of MANto b e sure, Mat. 11:19; Lk. 9:44,but He also sits as God on God's'

throne, sharing Goel's dignity,glory, and sovereignty, Dan,. 7; 13f;Mk. 14:62; Mat. 25:31. ( ~ ) , J e s u s 'sQvereignty and suffering . He isthe sovereign king and judge ofthe universe, Lk. 22:69; Mat.25:31; and yet, Iiis kingdom'scoming is based on the .redemptive accomplishments of Hissuffering and death .M k. 10:45.(3). Jesus' humiliation a n d ~ l t a ction. Jesus' earthly: life was One ofhumiliation and voluntary selfabnegation s our substitute forthe purpose of redeeming us fromsin and its humiliation, Mk.10:45; Mat. 8:20. Afteraccomplishing our redemption, Godexalted Jesus to His right hand ,Mk. 14:62; Mat. 26:64; Mat.

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19:28, and in time He will returnin glory at the end of history asthe universal judge, Mk 8:38;Mat. 25:31.

he Title and theForgiveness oJSins

;

The O.T. does .not unite the

tide of "the Son pf Man" with "th eforgivt;ness of sins. " This connection appears to have originatedwith]esus tj:imself- the Son ofMan ,has authority on earth .tof o r g i v ~ s i n s. The incarnateSovereign suffered. humiliationthat He might exert His omnipo-. ' .tence and establish His sovepeignty in the ~ l l l l n, a ~ ebybringing G:oq jr1to , he lives ofal) "those who?e sins ,He

The impact of this healing andforgiving of the paralytic by Jesusleft the eyewitnesses ,in shock andastonishtnent-- And they wereall seized with astonishment andbegan glorifying God ; and theywere filled with fear, saying. 'Wehave seen O markable things

today.'" The effect of the miracleand its eXplanation neutralizedHis enemies, leaving them "seizedwith astonishment," "glorifyingGod; and "filled with fear:therefore preventing them fromoppos ing Him, and causing themto sUbmit to Him with reverenceand awe. Thus we see the sovereignty of]esus revealed in thecontrol of the hearts and minds of

act of Jesus in forgiving the sins ofthe paralytic but even more by therea liz ation that Jesus appeared asGod by thus remitting sins.SOMETHING OF THE DEITY INHIM CAME OVER THEM."- .Lenski

The Effect this Miracleshould have had on

. the Crowd and the Pharisees

'Jesus gave them something tosee and to hear, something thatmade the thought of blasphemyvanish completely, something thatshould have turned their heartsfrom hatred to faith in Jesus andto praise of God. .:.. Lenski

The N atlIre ofForgiveness oj Sins

forgives thmugh faith inHUn 1hdorgiveness .ofsins of ali 'those who

The forgfvenes6 o f s;ns o f all. , ' .The Nature oj Sin

"Jesus ne ver took siD..believe in Jesus Christ istotal, i r r e v e ~ s i 1 : i l e~ n d.absolutely certain.

t h o ~ ewho betle .ve n Jesus lightly. He never toldpeople, Do you have asense of guilt? Forget

Salvation, indudingtheforgivene ss of siUs. isinvested in the 'pdson of .

Chrii5t i6 total . ;rrever6ibleand ab6olutelycertain. about it.' On the con

trary, He regarded sin a?inexcusable departure

Jesus Christ, as" the Son of Man.Jesus is able to declare the forgiveness of a persoh's sirts in such a .matchless way, because He is the 'King of liis kingdom. He no t 'dnly proclaims forgiveness "of sm, 'He ' is the Bearer, Acquirer; Bringerand Sharer of forgiveness of sinswith all those who believe in Him. 'Therefore, the preaching offorgiveness of sins in Christ is thecenter and the basisofthe gospelof thel


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The Forgiver

There can be no forgivenesswit hout a forgiver.... Forgivenessis not inevitable and mandatory .God, as the offended One, hasabsolute right to establish theterms of forgiv eness and to holdthe sinner to it. The guilty panycannot, either in relation to Godor to man, establish and ordainthe terms of his forgiveness. -

So me very imponant thingsthus are involved before we canthink about the forgiveness of oUrsins. FIRST of all, a person hasbeen offended, God Himself.Every sin , whether directl y againstGod or primarily against anotherma n , against an anim al, or theearth, is essentially against Godand His l a w ~ r d e rPsa. 51:4. -SECOND, not only is the personof God offended by sin but alsoHis law and His order. God'speace is broken by sin, and HisKingdom claimed by a rebellion.The penalty for this offense isdeath. God's law must stand. -THIRD, restitution and restorationare then necessary . Thi s restitution can take the form of death ;man having broken God's law ishimself broken by death anddamnation. This is the negativeaspect of res titution. Positively,the broken order must be restored. This man is unable to do,and this God does, b y His sovereign power and grace, throughJesus Christ, who, as very God ofvery God and very 11)an of veryman, perfectly keeps God's law ,

recreates a new hu m anity bymeans of His atoning and regenerating work, pays the penalty forthe redeemed ones b y His deathas their substitute, and gives thema new life as their bread of life. -

Jesus Christ thus as true God isthe Forgiver ; as true man and thesecond Adam, His is also the

forgiven, and we are forgiven inHim. There is no forgiveness inseparation from Him. Rushdoony , pg. 285.

The Absence o Forgiveness

Without the forgiveness ofsins, hell would be the basic and

ultimate state of all men . Th etorment of the burden of sin and 'guilt would not only gnaw at theentrails of all men but also makethem past-bound and pastoriented. - When men areguilt-ridden, an d a cul ture isdominated by guilty and unregenerate men , history bogs down intoan impot ent longing for past gloryand a futile , back-biting rehearsalof past and present sins.

Rushcioony, SALVATION ANDGO DLY RULE, pg. 253

The Nature oForgiveness o Sin

The Forgiving othe Paralytic by Jesus

Jesus did NOT Simply PROCLAIM forgiveness of sins to theparalytic, H e PROVIDEP forgiveness for hi m , based on His own(impending) atonement , 22:20.He N OT only CONVEYED to theman the news of God's forgiveness, in His own authority , HeCANCELLED the paralytic' s debtwith God . He blotted out his sinscompletely and forever , Psa.103:12; Isa. 1:18; 55:6,7 ; Jer.31:34. Moreover, suchforgiveness never stands alone. - InChrist, God dispels the invalid'sgloom A ND embraces him with .the arms of His protecting andadopting love, Rom. 5:1. Hendriksen

The Meaning o Forgiveness

Forgiveness is APHESIS inGreek. It denotes God's cancelling, releasing, and sending w a yof our i n ~ sfar as the east isfrom the west, Psa. 103:12; into

the depths ofthe sea, Mic. 7:19;blotting them out and neverremembering them against usagain, Isa . 43:25 .

FIRST, forgiveness is acancellation of charges or debtsbecause satisfa ction has beenrendered. - . - ... God in Christ hasforgiven us our sins becausesatisfaction has been rendered byJesus Christ and His atonement .Rushdoony,pg . 295.

SECOND, the essence ofreligious forgiveness is RESTITUTION AND RESTORATION.Because Jesus Christ makesrestitution for ma n , and because .He both pa ys the penalt y of deathfor our treason and perfectly

obeys the law, He restores us tocommunion with: God and to thestatus of covenant-keepers. By Hisregenerating grace, He restores u sto the position of God's covenantman, His viceger ent who is calledto exercise dom,inion and subduethe eanh. - Rushdoony, Pg . 295.

THIRD, forgi venes s is the .removal of.the baTtiers be twe enGod and man. Sin is covered ,expiated; -it is sent away, removed,wiped 'away; God has cast itbehind his hack, Isa. 38: 17, orinto the depths of the sea, Mic.7:19. Forgiveness renews fellowshtp with God, who is the sourceof all holiness and life. His mercyand favor replace his wrath andjudgment, so that the entireenvironment of human life .hasnew possibilities . The createdworld is sanctified to man again;

and new relationships become 'pos;;ible in community andfamily . . Terror of conscience anddread of judgment give way topeace. Man's soul is healed , thepowers of his personality restoredand strengthened. - W.A.Quanbeck in Rushdoony, pg . 296.

FOURTH , forgiveness i ; no t

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something men gain by punctlli subsequent works, out of pure involved in and is indeed identicalous pefformanceof the proper ' grace, because of the sole merit, with fai,th in God, In. 5:25 ,;38;rituals; it is the free ' artds(')vere ign complete obedience, bitter suffer- 6 :40,45; 8:47 ; 12:44, and is thegift of the lOving God :' ing, death and resurrection of our one thing whiC;h God require s of(Quanbeck) The first aspect Lord Christ .alone, whose obedi- them, 6:29 ; and the failure ofstresse4 here is rightly sovereign ence isreckoned.to us for righ- which will bring them etef 1algrace. God is not obligated to teousness. - CONCORDIA ruin, In. 3:18; 5:64; 8:24 ."-f o r ~ v e... : - Rushdoony, pg. 296 . TRIGLOTIA , 919,9 as quoiedin Warfield, .pg . 4 13f.

Lenski . ..FIFTH, forgiveness means :the , The Meaning ofrenewal of holiness' arid 'the I;IGHTH, forgiven people the Greek Words forrestorat ion o f divine favor and the forgive Mat. 6:12, 14 , 15; Mk. Believe and Faith,overcoming of God's wrath ' 11:25 . an< l Their Prepositions .Forgiveness heals the soul and he Necessity and The Greek word for believe isrestores strength and power Nature of Faith . . PISTEUO and for faith is PISTIS.because it takes awaYlhe bar,riers ' I t er;lOtes reliance, trust, and

f d 1 d bl h h ,e POint oifthe Texto sin an gui t an ,re-esta is es belief. It can have the sense of toman in God's grac e ' , entrust or commitan4 blessing. - r - - - ~ - - - - . ~ . . - " oneself, Lk.16:11;Rushdoony, pg. POOr sinful man 16justified before. G ~ d .that ie; In. 2:24. lis29 6 . absolved and declated free and exemptfl on J all h/5 meaning is affected

. SIXTH, forgiveness prest.1pposes .the centrality of the Fdrgiver; sO that aBiblical doctrine offorgiveneSs is God- .centered, whereas ahumanistic doctrineof forgiveness isman-'-certtered.

, sins, and from the 5entence of weTl-de5erved by .the preposition. . condemnation, a t l d a d o p ~ dinto 50nship and which accompanies.heire;hlp df 8ternallife,wit 10lft finy merit or worth it:

,Fa.ith as a dativef our own, also without anY preceding, present, orany subaequentworks, oUt o f pure grace, because , of means, transo f the sofe merit, complete .obedience, bitte,, o f ~ latedrby faith," .fering, :aeath arid re5l.irrec;tion of Our I,.or&l Christ : denotes the instni-

alone, wh06e obedience ie; reckoned to U 6 for mentality and r i g h t e o u 6 n e ~ e ; ,-Leh6ki mediatory function

L... ...;;;._ ; . _ _ _ ._ . . .J of faith, Act, 15:9:Very plainly, the .question of forgiveness resolves ,itself into a very simple question: ..Does God forgive man, or does ,man forgive G o d ? ~Rushdoony ,pg.297. . ,

SEVENTH, HOW DOES GODFORGIVE SIN? If you do notunderstand the anSwer to thisquestiOli. ; you have ritiSi;ed thepoint of Christianity and the .Bibie. liere is the answer: "]i60rsinful man is justified before God;that is, absolved and declared freeand exempt from all his sins, and from the sentence of well-de- 'served condemnation, andadopted into sohsfup and heirship .of eternal life, without any meritor worth of oui own, also 'Withoutany preceding, present, or any

It. s impossible for a person'ssins to ,be forgiven with9utfaith in] esusChris , . '

The Meaning of Faith intheNew-Testament, ; I _ , .

The Place of Faith in ,. ~ ~Teaching Ont SUS

1\11 that]e.?usdid and)aught ;,was directec\ , to drawing faith to .Himself ,. - .- EYery>Where He .offers Himself as . he abject offaith, and claims faith in Himselffor the highest concerns of thesoul. - It is so .. that He dealscoristimtly with ' he Jews , everywhere reqUiring faith in Himselffor eternallife .. declaring thatfaith in Himis the certain outcome of faith in ' their owrt Scriptures, (the O:T.),]n. 5 :46 ,47.:;is

8 f THE COUNSEL o f C h a l c e d o D ~ March; 1996

26:18; Rom.3:28 ; 4:20;5 ;2 ; 11:20; T Cor . 1:24 ..DlA Faith, in the genitive ),translated, though faith, alsosignifies the mediation and , .instrumentality of faith , Rom.3:22,25,30; II Cor, 5:7;Ca1.2:16:3:14,26. The point is that saVingpower does nOt reside in the 'act offaith 'but in the object o f faith: TheSAVl NG POWER of faith

resides thus hot ihitsel f, but inthe Almighty Savior on whoin'itrests. - It is not faith that saves,but faith in Jesus Christ. ... - It' .is not, strictly speaking, even faithin Christ that saves, but Christ 'that saves ihtough f a i t h . ~B.B.Warfield, BIBLlCALAND THEOLOGICAL STUDIES, pg. 424f. 'Faith is nev er used with DIA with


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the accusative, for then it wouldbe translated on the basis offaith, which is untrue, since oursalvation is based on Christ notour faith. EK Faith, translatedout of faith, denotes the funda

mental idea of source or origin ,Rom. 1:17; 3:26 ,30; 4:16; 5:1;9:30,32; 10:6; 14:23; Gal. 2: 16.EPI Faith, translated on faith, isto be taken in a quasi-temporalsense, giving the occasion of thedivine act. KATA Faith, translatedin confonnity with faith , denot

ing confonnability. EN Faith,translated in faith,

Faith consists neither inassent nor in obedience, but in areliant trust in the invisibleAuthor of all good, Heb. 1l:27, inwhich the mind is set upon thethings that are above and not onthe things th at are upon the earth,Col. 3:2; II Cor. 4: 16--18; Mat.6:25. - I t is a movement of thewhole inner man, Rom. 10:9,10 ..- ... it is thus the going out ofthe heart from itself and its restingon God in confident trust for allgood . But the scriptura l revelation has to do with, and is di-

whic h faith rests that faith derivesits value and power and thatobject is God in Christ. This oneobject of saving faith nevet variesfrom the beginning to the end ofthe scriptural revelation ...Warfield, pg. 423. Faith has evertenninated with ' rustful reliance,NOT ON THE PROMISE BUT ONTHE PROMISER,-not on thepropositions which declare God'sgrace and willingness to save, orChrist's divine nature and power,or the reality and perfection of issaving work, but on the Savior

upon whom, becausedenotes the sphere offaith, Gal. 2:20; Col.2:7; II Thess. 2:13.

The verb, tobelieve, PISTEUEIN,when used with thedative expressesbelieving assent, Lk.1:20;Jn. 2:22; Lk.20:5. To believe in,EN, denotes firm,trustful reliance, Mk.

The Saving Power o f faith residesthus not in itself, but in the Al

mighty Savior on whom i t rests.It is not faith t ha t saves, but faith

in Jesus Christ ... It is not,strictly speaking , even faith in

Christ t ha t saves, but Christ t ha tsaves through faith. -

of these great facts, itcould securely rest ason One able to save

to the uttermost.Jesus ChriSt, God theRedeemer , s accordingly the one objectof saving faith, Gal.2:16. We could notmore radicallymisunderstand thebiblical teaching onfaith and salvationthan by transferring

1:15 ; Jn . 3:15; Eph.1:13. The implica-tion of this construction would

seem to be finn fixedness ofconfidence in its object. Warfield, pg. 437. To belief on,EPI, expresses a steady, restingrepose and reliance upon th eobject of faith., Rom. 9:33; 10:11;I Pet. 2:6; Liz. 24:25. To believeinto, EIS, denotes movementtoward the object of faith, Mat.18:6;Jn. 2:11; 3:16,18 ,36 . Thisconstruction expresses an absolute transfer ence of trust fromourselves to another, a comp le teself-surrender to Christ.Warfield, pg. 437f.

The Nature of FaithAccording to theNew Testa ment

The Nature of Faith as TrustSelf-Commitment to od

B.B. Warfield

rected to the needs of, not man inthe abstract, but sinfu l man; andfor sinful man this hearty relianceon God necessarily becomeshumble trust in Him for thefundamental need o f the s i lmer-for giveness of sins and receptioninto favor. In response to therevelations of His grace and theprovisions of His mercy, it commits itself without reserve andwith abnegation of all self

dependence, to Him as its so leand sufficient Savior, and thus, inone act, empties itself of all claimon God and casts itself upon Hisgrace alone for salvation.Warfield, pg. 422f.

The Object of Faith

It is entirely from the objec t on

to faith even the smallest fractionof that savi ng energy which sattributed in the SCriptures solelyto Chr ist Hirnself. - Warfield, pg.425 .

Conclusion

We must reaffirm withconfidence that the idea of 'faith'is conceived of in the New Testament as the characteristic idea ofChristianity, and that it does not

import mere 'helieP in an intellectual sense, but all t ~ t.enters intoan entire self-commitment of thesoul to Jesus as the Son of God,the Savior of the world.Warfield, pg. 444.(TO BE CONTINUED)

March, 1996 t THE COUNSEL of Chalcedon t 9

1996 issue 2 - the establishment of the sovereignty of jesus part 3 - counsel of chalcedon

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