ISSN 0036-8075

23 June 1978,Volume 200, No. 4348

LETTERs R & D Expenditures in the United States: M. M. Shahin; Velikovskianism:

F. T. Lowrey; L. M. Greenberg . . .

EDITORIAL Scientists and World Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1334

1341

ARTICLES Toxic Gases from Fires: J. B. Terrill, R. R. Montgomery, C. F. Reinhardt . . . . . . 1343

Neuronal Generation of the Leech Swimming Movement: G. S. Stent et al. . . . . . 1348

Cognitive Development and Social Policy: A. Firkowska et al . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Cancer and the Mind: How Are They Connected? ..................

Briefing: U.S. Semiconductor Lead Threatened, Officials Say; WhiteHouse to Study Industrial Innovation; Colorado Professor Firedover False Accounts .

The Plight of the "Deinstitutionalized" Mental Patient .

Senate Passes Back Gene Splice Cup ........................

IRS Questions Tax Status of Six Science, Engineering Groups ...........

Flexible PVF2 Film: An Exceptional Polymer for Transducers .

Modes of Speciation, reviewed by H. Lewis; Social Comparison Processes,B. Latane; Topics in Interstellar Matter, E. J. Wampler; Studies in theArcheological History of the Deh Luran Plain, H. Weiss; Books Received

REPORTS Regional Differences in the Phase Velocity and the Quality Factor Q of MantleRayleigh Waves: I. Nakanishi .

Immunofluorescent Detection of Nuclear Double-Stranded RNA in situ in Vero andMosquito Cells: B. D. Stollar, R. Koo, V. Stollar.

1363 -

1364

1366

1368

1369

1371

1375

1379

1381

Evidence of Paleozoic Chromosomes from Lycopod Microgametophytes;S. D. Brack-Hanes and J. C. Vaughn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383

Pattern Formation by Cultured Human Epidermal Cells: Development of CurvedRidges Resembling Dermatoglyphs: H. Green and J. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . 1385

Preparation of Sarcolemmal Membrane from Myocardial Tissue Culture Monolayerby High-Velocity Gas Dissection: G. A. Langer, J. S. Frank, K. D. Philipson . 1388

Identification of a C-Glucuronide of A6-Tetrahydrocannabinol as a Mouse LiverConjugate in vivo: S. Levy, B. Yagen, R. Mechoulam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391

Isolated Retinas Synthesize Visual Pigments from Retinol CongenersDelivered by Liposomes: S. Yoshikami and G. N. Noll ............ . 1393

Blood-Brain Neutral Amino Acid Transport Activity Is Increased After PortacavalAnastomosis: J. H. James, J. Escourrou, J. E. Fischer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395

Chloroquine Resistance Produced in vitro in an African Strain ofHuman Malaria:P. Nguyen-Dinh and W. Trager ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397

Quantitation of Hindered Rotations of Diphenylhexatriene in Lipid Bilayers byDifferential Polarized Phase Fluorometry: J. R. Lakowicz andF. G. Prendergast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399

Comparison of Rhapidosomes and Asbestos Microfibrils: W. G. Hutchinson,R. I. Harker, M. M. Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401

Chemosensory Grazing by Marine Calanoid Copepods (Arthropoda: Crustacea):S. A. Poulet and P. Marsot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403

Copulatory Vocalizations ofChacma Baboons (Papio ursinus), Gibbons (Hylobateshoolock), and Humans: W. J. Hamilton, III and P. C. Arrowood . . . . . . . . 1405

Commissural Transmission: Maturational Changes in Humans: A. Salamy.1409

Lateralization of Norepinephrine in Human Thalamus: A. Oke et al .. . . . . . . . . 1411

Medial Preoptic Lesions and Male Sexual Behavior: Age and EnvironmentalInteractions: D. G. Twiggs, H. B. Popolow, A. A. Gerall . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414

Technical Comments: Palmitoleic Acid in Erythrocytes from Carriers of DuchenneMuscular Dystrophy: G. A. Rao, K. Siler, E. C. Larkin; J. L. Howland andD. J. McAllister; Axon-Sparing Brain Lesioning Technique: B. Merker;E. L. Simson andR. M. Gold ................... 1416

PRODUCTS AND Research Microscope; Liquid Chromatography Column; Cytometry System;MATERIALS Fraction Collector; Laboratory Work Stations; Serum Iron Analyzer;

Tissue Sectioner; Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418

COVER

Body wave of a swimming leech, asseen in sequence (top to bottom) ofsuccessive movie frames taken at 35-millisecond intervals. The right-to-lefthorizontal displacement depicts thetrue forward progress of the animal.See page 1348. [W. H. Kristan, Jr., C.A. Ort, and G. S. Stent, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley]

23 June 1978, Volume 200, Number 4348

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SCIENCE:

bntists and World Needsentists have a long tradition of international cooperation. Initially theirction was based on admiration for scientific contributions. With timeitensity and scope of interaction have increased. Air travel and theione have multiplied the opportunities for meaningful contacts, mutualct, and friendships. In consequence scientists have tended to be un-ly internationally minded.til the last decade cooperation among scientists was focused strongly,tering science. But now substantial emphasis is being directed toward-tant world problems. In seeking to be helpful in meeting human needshere, scientists have discovered that the practical problems are com-ind difficult; quick solutions are enormously costly. The world's scien-possess a substantial fraction of relevant intellectual capacity; theyvery little control of funds.der such circumstances, it would be easy to become frustrated. Butas not happened; rather the tempo of organized efforts has increased,lated in part by the forthcoming United Nations Conference on Scienceechnology for Development. But activities by scientists will go on longthe meeting at Vienna in August 1979.important focus of the continuing efforts will be the International Sci-Unions. One example of activities involves the International Union

re and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Its activities are carried out by.xperts from 43 member countries who cover the spectrum of chemis-lated sciences and technologies. For most of its 59 years of existencenion devoted its efforts to the regulation of atomic weights, chemicalnclature and symbolization, analytical procedures, and standard meth-f assay.tIUPAC has recognized that though such activities are useful they arenough, and it has created a mechanism designed to aid in identifyingolving problems of chemistry having direct impact on human needs.ffort bears the title Chemical Research Applied to World Needs,MRAWN). IUPAC's initial enterprise under CHEMRAWN is a first[Conference on Future Sources of Organic Raw Materials. This majorrence will discuss alternatives to petroleum as future sources of chem-and chemical feedstocks. The conference, to be held in Toronto fromough 13 July 1978, will be attended by world leaders from government,try, and academia. They will seek to define those factors that will de-ne the sources of organic raw materials at the end of this century.Dther example of effort by the scientific unions is an activity spear-d by the umbrella organization for all of them-the Internationalcil of Scientific Unions (ICSU). Through ICSU initiative, a number ofvernmental organizations including those of engineers and social sci-s will host a symposium in Singapore during late January 1979 that will'e participants from many countries. Objectives of the meeting includefication of substantive inputs into the U.N. Conference on Scienceechnology for Development. Of more lasting consequence is explora-f institutional and other innovations which would enlarge the opportu-for scientists and engineers to participate in future years in the im-ment of the human condition. One of the important objectives of the)sium is to illuminate the basic conditions necessary for the assimila-f science and technology into developing countries in a manner whichicantly contributes to the development process. The symposium willre such questions as "How can a systematic approach be made coun-country to selection of technology relevant to it?" Such an approachuired because the various nations differ greatly in educational levels,ological know-how, internal markets, natural resources, financialths, managerial talents, and political climates.sntists cannot do everything, but if they select limited and doable ob-es, they can make a meaningful difference.-PHILIP H. ABELSON