• 1950s had been the era of peace & prosperty

• The younger generations were affected by significant events around them:– Civil Rights– Class Segregation– Cold War– Mistrust in U.S. Gov’t

• RESULT: Power in numbers! Youths were represented by the baby boomer generation who would now take part in society

Chapter 26: The Politics of Protest

The Growth of the Youth Movement

The Free Speech Movement• Begins @ the University of

California, Berkeley in response to a ban on students against political protesting

• Caused a rift between students & administration leading to arrests

• Launched nation-wide free speech movement

• RESULT: Supreme Court upholds the students’ right to freedom of speech… this would pave the way for future college demonstrations

Counterculture: a culture with values & beliefs different than the mainstream

HIPPIES• Began as a reaction to the 1950s stereotype of “the man” in a

suit who led a constricted life• As it grew – many just joined for: fashion & drugs• Many lived in communes: group living arrangements where

people share everything• Most popular location: Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco – Anti: Western civilization, rationality, order, tradition– Pro: freedom, closeness to nature, love, empathy, tolerance,

cooperation

Counterculture Cont’d…• New Religious Movements– In a movement of rejection towards materialism, many

people embraced spirituality– Astrology, magic, eastern religions, Christianity

• The Counterculture Declines– After a few years the movement deteriorates– Hippie communities turned to criminalized areas– Drug education heightened– Most returned to “mainstream” society when they were

unable to support themselves financially

FASHION

• “costumes” rather than “uniforms”• Colorful, beaded, braided, patched, fringed clothing• Comfort, layers, loosely worn garments• “recycling” military uniforms with new designs as a

means of protesting war• Longer hair

ART• Pop Art: art that reflects pop culture– Photos, comics, ads, brand-names– Andy Warhol: most famous pop artist

• Music & Dance– Rock continues to flourish

(BEATLEMANIA!!!)– Rock paired with storytelling about the

rifts between generations (Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix)

– Woodstock: 1969 NY festival with music & dance

FEMINISM: the belief that men + women should be equal politically, economically & socially

• Women had played major roles in wartime & raising families

• Now wanted TRUE equality, not just on paper (think 19th amendment)

• Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): 1972 – protests women against discrimination

• Goal: equality within:– The workplace– As writers/authors– As teachers

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: an active effort to improve employment/educational opportunities for minorities

• Critics saw this as a form of “reverse discrimination”• Goal: opportunities in:– Education, Politics, Job markets, Farmworkers

• Applied to (mainly):– African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans– Cesar Chavez: most important advocate for Mexican America laborers

Environmentalism: Going Green!

• Goal: be more eco-conscious to extend the life of people, wildlife & the planet

• Cut down on: pollution, pesticides, smog

• Increase: recycling programs, education, legislation

• New Ideas Included:– Earth Day! (April 22nd each year)– Nuclear energy (cleaner) vs. burning

fossil fuels

The Consumer Movement

• Goal: for ALL PEOPLE to put SAFETY as the 1st priority in products, THEN looks, style, etc…

• Most impacted industry: automobiles• Result: now consumers would know to become

more educated in product-research & comparison before making a purchase

GROWTH OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENT FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT

COUNTERCULTURE:HIPPIES

COMMUNE:

COUNTERCULTURE CONT’DNEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS

THE COUNTERCULTURE DECLINES

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FASHION ARTPOP ART

MUSIC & DANCE

FEMINISM:

ERA

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

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ENVIRONMENTALISM THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT

NOTES… NOTES…

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