19.2 the war in the east. the first major battle- the first battle of bull run- took place in july...
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19.2THE WAR IN THE
EAST
The fi rst major battle- The First Battle of Bull Run- took place in July 1861.
Occurred near Manassas Junction, Virginia, about 30 miles from Washington, D.C.
TWO ARMIES MEET
The BattleUnion troops drove back the left side of the Confederate line.
A Confederate unit, led by General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, held firm.
Other Confederates were inspired and heartened by Jackson’s example.
Southern reinforcements arrived, and the Union army retreated in defeat.
The First Battle of Bull Run ruined Union hopes of a quick and easy war.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/fi rst-battle-of-bull-run
TWO ARMIES MEET
Union general George B. McClellan led troops into Virginia but waited too long to attack; gave the Confederates time to strengthen Richmond’s defenses.
McClellan took Yorktown in early May, and fighting occurred near Richmond.
MORE BATTLES IN VIRGINIA
Robert E. LeePlaced in charge of the Confederate Army in Virginia in June 1862
Was a West Point graduate and one of the most talented officers on either side
Opposed slavery and secession but remained loyal to Virginia and the South
MORE BATTLES IN VIRGINIA
The Seven Days’ BattleLee attacked McClellan’s forces to drive them from Richmond, and the two armies clashed in five battles during late June and early July of 1862.
Union- nearly 16,000 casualties; Confederacy- more than 20,000 casualties
Union army was forced to retreat from Richmond.
MORE BATTLES IN VIRGINIA
Confederates defeated the Union at Second Battle of Bull Run in August 1862.
By the end of August, Lee had pushed most of the Union forces out of Virginia.
MORE BATTLES IN VIRGINIA
Invasion of the North In September 1862 Lee led Confederate forces into Maryland- Union territory.
Hoped a victory on northern soil would break the Union’s spirit and European powers to aid the South
Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plan and were able to prepare.
THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
Occurred on September 17, 1862, near Antietam Creek in Maryland
Key Union victory and the bloodiest single-day battle of the war
Union- more than 12,000 casualties; Confederacy- more than 13,000 casualties
THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
BURNSIDE BRIDGE
ResultsStopped the Confederate army’s northward advance and cost Lee many troops
Lincoln removed General McClellan, who had allowed Lee to retreat to Virginia
THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
Union Control of the SeaNorth had most of the U.S. Navy’s fleet plus the industry to build more ships.
Union navy had trouble blockading thousands of miles of southern coastline.
South used small, fast ships called blockade runners to get through the blockade.
THE WAR AT SEA
A New Kind of ShipSouth captured a Union ship and made an ironclad, a ship armored with iron.
The Confederate ironclad, renamed the Virginia, easily sank two Union ships.
The Union navy, however, had already built its own ironclad, the Monitor.
The two ships met in an inconclusive battle in March 1862.
THE WAR AT SEA
Blockade Runner Ships of the Civil War