1,800,000 to 10,000 pleistocene

. 1,800,000 to 10,000 Pleistocene

.24th Solar Galactic Year -250,000,000 to Present ..

Galactic Year We venture that the great ice ages are a consequence of the Sun’s elliptical orbit about the Milky Way’s gravitational barycenter, and is complicated by major gravitational changes along its orbit. The Sun orbits the Milky Way about evry 250,000,000 years. We call this the GALACTIC YEAR. The Pleistocene occurs in the .24th Solar Galactic Year Milankovitch Cycles Bipolar Antarctic and Arctic expansions and contractions of glaciations dominate the Pleistocene. Periodicity of the growth and recession of continental ice caps and the concurrent exposure then flooding of continental shelves and oceanic rises is timed by the MILANKOVITCH cycles- including: Ellipticity of Earth’s orbit 90,000 years Earth’s Axial tilt to ecliptic 41,000 years Earth’s axial wobble 23,000 & 19,000 years [Precession of the eqinoxes] 3,250,000 to 650,000 ice ages 1 to 29 Magnetic reversal -730,000 years impact the Australian and Indonesian tektites core17 680,000 warm core16 649,000 glacial ice age 29 650,000 core15 619,000 warm core14 551,000 glacial ice age 30 550,000 core13 505,000 warm core12 475,000 glacial ice age 31 475,000 core11 421,000 warm core10 347,000 glacial ice age 32 350,000 core 9 334,000 warm core 8 279,000 glacial ice age 33 279,000 core 7 244,000 warm core 6 188,000 glacial ice age 34 188,000 core 5 128,000 warm core 4 72,000 – 62,000 ice age 35 72,000 Toba detonation –73,000 [71,000 BC] core 3 58,000 warm core 2 27,000 – 15,000 ice age 36 Wurm III, IV core 1 11,000 warm Equation of Time [It’s interesting that both the ellipticity of the Earth’s Obrit, and the Inclination of the Ecliptic to the Celestial Equator could, and quite possibly was known-to and measured-by megalith astronomers of the centuries between c.7,000 BC of Brittany and other locations in Europe to c.2,000 BC . Ellipticity of the Earth’s Orbit changes the Earth’s speed and consequently the Sun’s apparent speed.

It is a simple measurement which is done as follows: Know the length of a Solar year. Then measure the moments of sunrise and sunset. Augment these with measurements of local noon. Concurrent with the measurements of sunrise and sunset measure the position of well-known fixed stars.

Additionally the sun’s motion is along the ecliptic and therefore inclined to the plane of the Earth’s equator along which time is measured.(the mean sun is on a circular orbit about the celestial equator moving at a constant speed completed once every tropical year.)

Stellar and solar time will differ. There is a non-uniformity in the apparenmt motion of the Sun On the curve below known as the equation of time.there are two maxima and two minima. Currently there are four dates on which the stellar and solar times coincide: April 15/16, June 14/15, Sept 1/ 2 and June 14/15, ]

[Vertical axis in minutes, horizontal axis

gives dates of meanSolar noon]

Text © 2005 Robert Duncan-Enzmann

.24th During Solar Galactic Year -250,000,000 to Present

.BIBER ALPINE GLACIATION, to --- WEICHSEL North Europe, -New DRIFTBritish, -WISCONSIN North.America -

at–6,000,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises -6,000,000 to –c.2,500,000 BIBER –I-

at–5,600,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises . … AFRICA .

-c.5,500,000 ? Proto- Ardipithecus ? Hominid teeth and jaw fratment from Northern Kenya .

at–5,200,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises -c.5,200,000 to –5,100,000 The Late Miocene ends with the reopening opening of Gibralter’s Straits and

reflooding of the Mediterranean The ape is forced into bipedal locomotion.

at–4,800,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rise

at–4,400,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises -4,250,000 KATABA Basalt, at west Turkana; KARSA Basalt at Koobi Fora -1-

-c.4,150,000 LONYUMUN Sediments at Koobi Fora -2-

at–4,000,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises -4,100,000 Omo Shungura -A-, USNO; MOITI-Volcanic Tuff at Koobi Fora -3- -4,000,000 to 3,800,000 Omo-Shungura -A-, LOKOCHOT Sediments at Koobi Fora -4-

AUSTRALOPITHECUS-c.4,400,000[found by Raymond Dart1925] is the probable ancestor of : -3,900,000 AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS, Hadar, Ethopia, N.&S.America warm climates strengthen N.Atlantic Gulf Stream, S.Atlantic Banguella Current, S.Pacific Humboldt Current and other major oceanic gyres

-3,800,000 to 3,000,000 Omo-Shungura -B-, TULUBOR Sediments at Koobi Fora -5-

at–3,600,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises -3,600,000 -- Australopithecus AFARENSIS -1- A. ARDIPITHECUS –c.3,600,000 -3,500,000 RED SEA Rift opens. Beginning of a major glaciation

. -3,400,000 “LUCY” AN Australopithecus Afarensis of HADAR, Ethopia -3,320,000 TOROTO volcanic tuff of Koobi Fora -6-

BIBER –3.320,000 to 1.800,000 Ice Age -1-

at–3,200,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises -3,250,000 a MAJOR glaciation is FIRST of 35 ICE AGES, the GULF-STREAM becomes Europe’s snow factory Glacier advancew and retreats during GREAT ICE AGE are controlled by .Milankovitch Cycles .changes in the Earth’s Orbit .[ ellipticity] its distance from the Sun, and the Earth’s Orientation .[ axial tilt ] .Now .Great ice ages occur c. every 250 million years as the Sun orbit in the Milky Way in a regressive elliptical path.. . -3,200,000 TETHYS shallowing and dry-out cools abyssal ocean to about 4 degrees above freezing.

at–2,800,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises 2,800,000 Significant rise in sea level; marked melting of both ARCTIC and ANTARCTIC glaciers

BIBER Ice Age -2- to Ice Age -20-


DONAU ALPINE, -3,250,000 BEGIN BIBER -I-, Cold Droughts

at–1,600,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises . … AFRICA . -3,250,000 a MAJOR glaciation is FIRST of 35 ICE AGES and cold droughts.. . -3,200,000 TETHYS shallowing and dry-out cools abyssal ocean to about 4 degrees above freezing. -3,060,000 Omo-Shungura OHO-5 -B-10 sediments; NINIKA Volcanic tuff at Koobi Fora –7

A. AFARENSIS –c.3,100,000 [the mosst famous discovery by Donald Johnson is the AETHIOPITHECUS variety exemplified by “Lucy” for whom 40% of her skeleton has been recovered. Australopithecus AETHIOPITHECUS is probably the ancestor of three types of HOMINIDS: A. AFRICANUS –c.3,000,000 from which A.ROBUSTUS is descended PARANTHROPUS –c.3,100,000 (Aethiopithecus) PARANTHROPUS -c.2,300,000 A.BOISEA PARANTHROPUS -c.2,000,000 ROBUSTUS -3,000.000 PANAMA-Bridge fully-formed; Australopithecus Africanus in Sterkfontein South Africa

- c.3,000,000 to-c.2,300,000 A..AFRICANUS fromTaung, South Africa, his skull is rounded, he seems to be a direct ancestor of the evolutionary line leading to H..Sapiens.

-2,800.000 to 1,700,000 NGORONGORO Volcanics -2,692,000 HASUMA Sediments Koobi Fora 8- -

. -3,000,000 to 2,500,000 Omo-Shungura -C- .24th Solar Galactic Year -250,000,000 to Present

. DONAU ALPINE GLACIATION, -3,250,000 BEGIN BIBER -I-, Cold Droughts Pre ELSTER North Europe, -RED CRAG British, Pre-NEBRASKAN N.America Late Calabrian sea level at +150 meters Thames Basin: Proto Thames cut through St.Albans Vale

.24th Galactic Year –250,000,000 HOMO

-c.2,000,000 evolves with long legs, ripple the weight and double the height of earlier AUSTRALOPITHECUS. He iscalled: Homo ERGASTER, sometimes called African Homo ERECTUS, sometimes Homo Proto SAPIENS OLDOWAN Tools

-c.1,900,000 to 1,600,000 TURKANA, Kenya -c.1,800,000 JAVA, Indonesia -c.1,800,000 to 1,200,000 OLDUVAI Gorge, TANZANIA [Tanganyika +Zanzibar ]

-c.1,700,000 DMANISI, Georgia near Tibilisi in the Caucasus [ Ref.12th May “Science” ]

.Middle Biharian. 1,500,000 to 750,000 or the European Mammalian Stage: ACHEULEAN Tools

-c.1,400,000 to 1,000,000 UBEIDIYA, Israel -c.1,100,000 GONGWANGLING, China -c. 780,000 ATAPUERCA, Spain


. DONAU ALPINE GLACIATION, 1,800,000 to 1,370,000 - -2,785,000 MIDDLE of DONAU -I- Ice Age 21

4,400,000 -- genus Ardipithecus species RAMIDUS

4,200,000 -- genus Australopithecus species ANAMENSIS 2,600,000 -- Australopithecus GARHI

3,100,000 genus Paranthropus species AETHIOPICUS 2,300,000 Paranthropus BOISEA 2.000,000 Paranthropus ROBUSTUS 3,000,000 -1- (Australopithecus) (Homo?) AFRICANUS 2,400,000 -2- genus Homo species RUDOLFENSIS, 2,000,000 new genus HELDELBERG Man

2,000,000 -3- Homo HABILIS, from whom H.Dmanisi,H.Erectus then H.Sapiens likely descend 1,750,000 HOMO DMANISI, Caucasus Dmanisi-SiteGeorgia Rep.[RDE TETHYS-FACTOR]

1,700,000 -4- Homo ERGASTER, 1,800,000 -5- Homo ERECTUS, 1,000,000 BUIA MAN 800,000 -6- Homo ANTECESSOR, 1,000,000 new genus Neanderthalensis species NEANDERTHAL

.Late Biharian 750,000 to 480,000 the European Mammalian Stage:

500,000 war H. Proto-SAPIENS -c.500,000 these varieties of Sapiens as found at Terra Amata, France, Bilzingsleben, Germany, Hungary, England, Iberia were probably exterminated by Neanderthal Man

.Toringian 480,000 the European Mammalian Stage: 450,000 -7- Proto HOMO SAPIENS 150,000 [very early] HOMO SAPIENS-SAPIENS 120,000 war -8- HOMO SAPIENS in Africa, entering Palestine 70,000 [early] HOMO SAPIENS Blombos Cave, by Cape Town S.Africa modern Sapiens

type tools are found 70,000 war [early] HOMO SAPIENS near Vienna modern Sapiens type tools are found. It is

thought Homo Neanderthal exterminated this group of northern Sapiens-Sapiens 45,000 war HOMO SAPIENS - ? from North America ? via Lena River Drainage Basin?

. … AFRICA . -2,600,000 Australopithecus Africanus [is ominverous] -c.2,600,000 Begin PLEISTOCENE

-c.2,600,000 Gona Hominid tool cache at Gona a village (c.60 miles N.of Bouri), Ethopia, was probably madeby Australopithecus GARHI which means “surprise” in the Afar Language. They selected special materials to make their tools and transported them great distances to workplaces. 2,500,000 to 2,000,000 Omo-Shungura -D- -c.2,500,000 to –c.? A..GARHI from Bouri, Ethopia made and used stone tools, ate meat ??- DONAU -I- / -II- ??- -2,500,000 HOMO HABILIS at Koobi Fora-9-


. DONAU ALPINE GLACIATION, 1,800,000 to 1,370,000 -

-2,413,000 MIDDLE of DONAU -II- Ice Age 22 . … PALESTINE . [ Note: -2,600,000 > -2,300,000 < 1,900,000 HOMO ERECTUS seems to have made UBEIDYI SiteJordan Valley tools] . … AFRICA . -2,400,000 GLACIATION & drought intensifies -2,400,000 Omo-Shungura -D- tools of OMO-VALLEY, Ethopia perhaps made byHOMO HABILIS. Note that single-edge pebble tools characterize Homo Australopithecus.

-c.2,400,000 to –c.1,800,000 HOMO RUDOLFENSIS Koobi For a, Kenya may be early HOMO HABILIS? -2,320,000 ` Omo-Shungura -E- IGUMWAI Sediments Koobi Fora-10- -c.2,300,000 to –c.1,400,000 A..BOISEI Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, found by the Leakeys. He has enormous molars and ridged-skull “Nutcracker Man”probably ate plant roughage as well as meat. ??- DONAU -II- / -III- ??- -2,227,000 BURGI Volcanic tuff Koobi Fora-11- . … EUROPE . [-2,000,000 to –10,000PLEISTOCENE

Gigantic mammals: Dire Wolf, Baluchitherium. Gigantic marsupials: Gigantic birds Moa, -c.2,000,000 to –c.1,500,000 AUSTRALOPITHECUUS ROBUSTUS cuttently known only from Kromdraai, South Africa found by Robert Broom n1938 and not in the Sapiens line of descent. i

-c.2,000,000 to –c.1,600,000 HOMO HABILIS: OlduvaiGorge,Tanzania, Java Man, proto-Peking Man -2,134,000 Omo-Shungura -F- LOKERIDGE Sediments Koobi Fora-11-

-2,041,000 Omo-Shungura -G- a variety of Australopithecus Africanus with 500 cm3

brain

-2,041,000 MIDDLE of DONAU -III- cold drought Ice Age 23 . … AFRICA . -c. 2,000,000 to 1,700,000 OLDUVAI -I- HOMO HABILIS an omnivorous scavanger-gatherer-hunter creates the OLDUVAI .stone tools including cobble stone hammers, pebble choppers, knives, and possibly scrapers. They were of the Ethopian MELKA KUNTURE Clture At Sterkfontein South Africa HOMO HABILIS worked bone, used pebble choppers, made bifacial axes and knives, and built simple one room huts. -1,900,000 east Africa HOMO ERECTUS . … JAVA . -1,900,000 SANGIRAN, JAVA used hand axes -.- a . … AFRICA . -1,880,000 KBS volcanic tuff Koobi Fora-12- -1,860,000 Omo-Shungura -H- OLDUWAN Industry [and Culture ] -1,860,000 MALBE volcanic tuff Koobi Fora-13- ??- DONAU -III- / -IV- ??- -1,800,000 SWARTKRANZ Site and STERKFONTEIN Site,S.Africa analysis of Australopithecus Robustus and Early Homo bones show they ate large quantities of protein. Perhaps these were termites. In Mozambique the writer has often seen people eating termites. [ Ref. Backwell,Lucinda, Witwatersrand Univ.S.Africa ]

.

-c.1,800,000 to –c.250,000 HOMO ERECTUS Armenia (Caucasus), in Iberia, probably first use of fire, inscribed bone and rock with symbols. His remains da d to –c.1,800,000 are found in China and Trinil, Indonesia. te -c.1,700,000-1,200,000 OLDUVAI -II. -

-c.1,700,000 to –c.1,500,000 HOMO ERGASTER Koobi Fora, Kenya, likely early HOMO ERECTUS ??-1,640,000 Omo-Shungura -I- -1,640,000 Omo-Shungura -J- fire is used -1,640,000 OKOTE/ILERET strata of Koobi Fora-14- -1,600,000 Acheulean HOMO ERECTUS . … INDONESIA .

-1,600,000 Acheulean HOMO ERECTUS, hand axes -1,500,000 SANGIRAN 17, the “Java Man, or Pithecanthropus VIII Erectus, [ redate to 1,500,000? ] . … SEA of GALILEE .

-1,600,000 -warm- Acheulean HOMO ERECTUS


. DONAU ALPINE, 1,800,000 to 1,370,000 -

at–1,600,000 Earth’s orbit is circular sea level rises . -c,1,700,000 HOMO SMANISI, Rep. of Georgia Caucasus Region,DMANISI Site, [ Ref .12

… EUROPE th May 2000,“Science”]

1,750,000 HOMO DMANISI, Caucasus Dmanisi-SiteGeorgia Rep.[RDE TETHYS-FACTOR]

……… . .. . …..…... . . Homo Habilis Homo Dmanisi Home Erectus

.[Ref.:August 2002 “Mational Geographic”]

Tethys Aquatic Theory Among the primates, humans are the only ones with large fat deposits on their bodies. They are the only ones that can swim. The apes and monkeys sink. [RDE It has been theorized that our ancestors underwent an aquatic period and that this took place at the eastern Horn of Africa. It’s more probable that it occurred in Central Asia’s very shallow, relatively warm, seas so rich in nutrients. It’s suggested that rapid elevation and drying-out of these seas stopped the evolutionary possibility that some primates would take to the seas and eventually the World Ocean, that they were forced back onto land.

It’s suggested that this could have taken place between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 years ago. ]


. . DONAU ALPINE, 1,800,000 to 1,370,000 - -c,1,700,000 HOMO SMANISI, Rep. of Georgia Caucasus Region,DMANISI Site, [ Ref .12th May 2000,“Science”] 1,750,000 HOMO DMANISI, Caucasus Dmanisi-SiteGeorgia Rep.[RDE TETHYS-FACTOR]

Tethys Aquatic Theory Ice Age 1 . 3,250,000 BIBER 3,200,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 2 . 3,160,000 BIBER Ice Age 3 . 3,070,000 Ice Age 4 . 2,880,000 Ice Age 5 . 2,800,000 2,800,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 6 . 2,710,000 BIBER Ice Age 7 . 2,620,000 Ice Age 8 . 2,530,000 Ice Age 9 . 2,440,000 2,400,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 10 . 2.350,,000 BIBER Ice Age 11 . 2.260,,000 Ice Age 12 . 2.170,,000 Ice Age 13 . 2.080,,000 2,000,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Stage ----Biber-Donau Interglacial –1.900,000 Ice Age 14 . 1.990,,000 DONAU -- Ice Age 15 . 1.900,,000 Ice Age 16 . 1.810,,000


. DONAU ALPINE, 1,800,000 to 1,370,000 - -c,1,700,000 HOMO SMANISI, Rep. of Georgia Caucasus Region,DMANISI Site, [ Ref .12th May 2000,“Science”] 1,750,000 HOMO DMANISI, Caucasus Dmanisi-SiteGeorgia Rep.[RDE TETHYS-FACTOR]

Tethys Aquatic Theory . 2,000,000 Homo HABILIS MOROCCO BALKANS CAUCUSUS early TETHYS sojurn INDIA Homo HABILIS H. DMANISI H. DMANISI H. Dm. H. Dm. Ice Age 17 . 1.720,,000 DONAU --- -1,750,000 -c.1,700,000-1,200,000 OLDUVAI -II. - Ice Age 18 . 1.630,,000 MOROCCO BALKANS CAUCUSUS mid TETHYS sojurn INDIA Homo HABILIS H. DMANISI H. DMANISI H. Dm. H. Dm. 1,600,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 19 . 1.540,,000 DONAU -IV- Ice Age 20 . 1.450,,000 Ice Age 21 . 1.360,,000 Ice Age 22 . 1.270,,000 DONAU -V- 1,200,000 Earth orbit circular warm sea level rise Stage ----Donau-Gunz Interglacial –1,200,000 Ice Age 23 . 1.180,,000 GUNZ -I- Ice Age 24 . 1.090,,000 Ice Age 25 . 1.000,,000 MOROCCO BALKANS CAUCUSUS late TETHYS sojurn INDIA Homo HABILIS H. DMANISI H. DMANISI H. Dm. H. Dm. Ice Age 26 . 910,,000 Stage -15-Gunz-Mindel Interglacial –900,000 to 780,000 Ice Age 27 . 820,,000 MOROCCO BALKANS CAUCUSUS terminal TETHYS sojurn INDIA Homo HABILIS H. DMANISI H. DMANISI H. Dm. H. Dm. [Neanderthal] [Proto-Sapiens, as at Bilzingleben] 800,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise [ 803,000 meteor impact ] Ice Age 28 . 730,,000 MINDEL

680,000 warm ice core -17- Ice Age 29 . 649,,000 to 626,000 MINDEL

619,000 warm ice core -15- Ice Age 30 . 551,,000 to 509,000 MINDEL . MOROCCO BALKANS CAUCUSUS ASIA INDIA Homo HEIDELBERG [Proto-Sapiens, Terra Amata Bilzingleben] Caucasoid Negrito H.ERECTUS [Neanderthal]

505,000 warm ice core -13- Ice Age 31 . 475,,000 to 429,000 MINDEL

421,000 warm ice core -11- Stage -11- warm 400,000 sea +40to+50 ft.Earth orbit circular 400,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Stage -7-Mindel-Riss Interglacial –385,000 to 360,000 Ice Age 32 . 347,000 to 344,000 RISS

334,000 warm ice core -9- Ice Age 33 . 279,000 to 248,000 RISS MOROCCO BALKANS CAUCUSUS ASIA INDIA Neanderthal exterminated by Neanderthal Man Caucasoid Negrito

244,000 warm ice core -7- Stage -5-Riss-Wurm Interglacial –235,000 to 125,000 Ice Age 34 . 188,000 to 133,000 WURM

128,000 warm ice core -5- Ice Age 35 . 72,000 to 62,000 WURM Toba detonation – [71,000 BC] EUROPE BALKANS CAUCUSUS ASIA INDIA Neandethal exterminated by Caucasian Disease ?? Caucasoid Negrito

58,000 warm ice core -3- Ice Age 36 . 27,000 to 16,000 WURM

To present warm ice core -1-


Ice Age 1 . 3,250,000 BIBER 3,200,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 2 . 3,160,000 BIBER-I- EUROPEAN and N.American Cold Drought Cycles Ice Age 3 . 3,070,000 Ice Age 4 . 2,880,000 Ice Age 5 . 2,800,000 2,800,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise, Arctic Ocean ice-free & Antarctic ice melts Ice Age 6 . 2,710,000 BIBER-II- Ice Age 7 . 2,620,000 Ice Age 8 . 2,530,000 Ice Age 9 . 2,440,000 2,400,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 10 . 2.350,,000 BIBER-III- Ice Age 11 . 2.260,,000 Ice Age 12 . 2.170,,000 Ice Age 13 . 2.080,,000 2,000,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise, Arctic Ocean ice-free & Antarctic ice melts Stage ----Biber-Donau Interglacial –1.900,000 Ice Age 14 . 1.990,,000 DONAU-I-, -II-, -III- N.American NEBRASKAN Glaciations Ice Age 15 . 1.900,,000 Ice Age 16 . 1.810,,000 Ice Age 17 . 1.720,,000 Ice Age 18 . 1.630,,000 1,600,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise Ice Age 19 . 1.540,,000 DONAU-IV- Ice Age 20 . 1.450,,000 Ice Age 21 . 1.360,,000 Ice Age 22 . 1.270,,000 DONAU -V- c.1,200,000 to c.1,000,000 OLDUVAI -III- 1,200,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise [ end DONAU -V- ]

ice core ---- ANDRONOVO c.------ Impulsion: c.1,000,000 BUIA Man,Kenya, c1,150,000 H.Erectus LANTIAN Yangtze ancestral to BILZINGLEBEN-TERRA AMATA, NEGRITO,

Stage ----Donau-Gunz Interglacial –1,200,000 Ice Age 23 . 1.180,,000 GUNZ -I- Ice Age 24 . 1.090,,000 GUNZ -II- Ice Age 25 . 1.000,,000 GUNZ -IIIa- Ice Age 26 . 910,,000 Africa Kamasian Stage -15-Gunz-Mindel Interglacial –900,000 to 780,000 Ice Age 27 . 820,,000 GUNZ -IIIb- [ 803,000 Indonesia meteor burns-out MOVIUS Bamboo Line] [ 803,000 meteor impact ] 800,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise

ice core ---- ANDRONOVO c.------ Impulsion: c. [730,000 Australia-Indonesia Tektite Strewn-field Blast] Ice Age 28 . 730,,000 MINDEL -I- , ELSTER, CROMERI N.America KANSAN Glaciations

680,000 warm ice core -17- Ice Age 29 . 649,,000 to 626,000 MINDEL -II-

619,000 warm ice core -15- Ice Age 30 . 551,,000 to 509,000 MINDEL -III-

505,000 warm ice core -13- Ice Age 31 . 475,,000 to 429,000 MINDEL -IV-

421,000 warm ice core -11- ANDRONOVO 1 c.------ Impulsion: 420,000 BILZINGLEBEN writing TERRA AMATA huts, bowls, crayons ancestral to AINOID, CAUCASOID,

Africa Kanjeran Stage -11- warm 400,000 sea +40to+50 ft.Earth orbit circular Stage -7-Mindel-Riss Interglacial –385,000-360,000,HOXNIAN N.America Yarmouth, African Pluvial

Ice Age 32 . 347,000 to 344,000 RISS -I- ANDRONOVO-2 N.America ILLINOIAN-IOWAN Glaciations 334,000 warm ice core -9-

Ice Age 33 . 279,000 to 248,000ice core -8-RISS -II- ANDRONOVO-3---: 244,000 warm ice core -7- Stage -5-Riss-Wurm Eemian Interglacial –235,000 to 125,000

Ice Age 34 . 188,000 to 133,000ice core -6 WURM-I-ANDRONOVO4----:N.AmericaWISCONSIN Glaciations 128,000 warm ice core -5- CAUCASOID: c.128,000 KLASSIES River, AMU & OB Basins Siberia

Ice Age 35 . 72,000 to 62,000 WURM-II-ANDRONOVO -5---: Tobavolcanic-explosion–71,000BC warm Ammersfoort I,II,III

58,000 warm ice core -3- CAUCASOID: c.89,000 QUEFAZ, Israel, c.77,000 BLOMBOS Cave of S.Africa, AUSTRALIA proto-MICRONESIAN,

. 30,000 to c25,000 WURM –III- ANDRONOVO-6--- ice core -2- Early Central-Pacific MICRONESIAN

Ice Age 36 . c25,000 to 16,000 WURM –IV- ANDRONOVO-7---: To present warm ice core -1- KURGAN -I- c.4.200BC---: -Proto CELTIC and Proto-POLYNESIANS

ancestral to Indian Ocean Pacific POLYNESIANS Present Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise KURGAN -II- c.3,750 BC-III- -IV-


.Chronicle, Legend, Myth, Religion and Immortality EUROPEAN and ANDRONOVO survivors of the GÜNZ Glaciations are blessed with a population expansion during the GÜNZ / MINDEL pleasantly warm INTERGLACIAL The populations include both Early-NEANDERTHALS and Proto-Archaic HOMO SAPIENS. 800,000 Earth’s orbit circular warm with sea level rise

ice core ---- ANDRONOVO c.------ Impulsion: c. [730,000 Australia-Indonesia Tektite Strewn-field Blast] Ice Age 28 . 730,,000 MINDEL -I- , ELSTER, CROMERI N.America KANSAN Glaciations

680,000 warm ice core -17- Ice Age 29 . 649,,000 to 626,000 MINDEL -II-

619,000 warm ice core -15- Ice Age 30 . 551,,000 to 509,000 MINDEL -III-

505,000 warm ice core -13- Ice Age 31 . 475,,000 to 429,000 MINDEL -IV-

421,000 warm ice core -11- ANDRONOVO 1 c.------ Impulsion: Middle East Levantine Coast, Israel

Ice Age 28 . 730,,000 Glaciations: MINDEL-I- , ELSTER, CROMER N.America KANSAN 680,000 warm ice core -17- -750,000 Gesher Benot Ya’aqov site northern Israel , Lower Paleolithic Hominids collected hard-shelled nuts: acorns,pistachios, wild almonds, water chestnuts, princkly waterlilie seeds. Their

nutcarakers were basalt and limestone rocks often pitted. Ref. Naama Goren-Inbar of Inst.Archaeology Hebrew Univ.Jerusalem.

Europe, England Ice Age 30 . 551,,000 to 509,000 MINDEL -III-

505,000 warm ice core -13- Dated to: 515,000to 485,000 14in. left tibbia Shin bone of 6ft. 170 pound Late-Homo

ERECTUS man from Boxgrove Quarry, near Chichester, W.Sussex, England. Found with hundreds of flint handazes, elephant, rhino, hyena, deer, bear and wolf remains. [Ref.Nov.Dec.1994 “Archaeology”]

Europe, Spain -ca.500,000 SIERRA de ATAPUERCA near Burgos northern SPAIN . Six teeth, skull and jaw fragments from two probable Homo ERECTUS aged about 15 years and 43 years, with extinct rodents that help to date them, hammer stones, flaked tools made of river pebbles

Africa, Morocco Ice Age 31 . 475,,000 to 429,000 MINDEL -IV-

421,000 warm ice core -11- ANDRONOVO 1 c.------ Impulsion: Africa Kanjeran Stage -11- warm 400,000 sea +40to+50 ft.Earth orbit circular

Stage -7-Mindel-Riss Interglacial –385,000-360,000,HOXNIAN N.America Yarmouth, African Pluvial

[Ref. Bednarik, Robert, pres.Int.Fed.of Rock Art Organizations of Melbourne Auistralia discovered microscopically that the 2inch 400,000 year old quartzite figure from from Tan Tan, Morocco, was shaped with a stone hammer and edged-stone flake. He found microscopic quantities of iron oxides and manganese oxide implying it was painted.]

[Ref. see by: Bower, Bruce, “18th Oct.2003, “Science News” and Bednarik, Robert G.,

Proj.Dir,Lombok Island and Strait, Indonesia, near Bali, Dir.of International Inst.of Replicative Archaeology in South Caulfield [April 2003 “Cambridge Archaeological Jrnl.”] , Australia.; Morwood, Michael Univ.New England in Armidale Australia Dir.Flores Island excavations H.Erectus arrived +ca.850,000 years ago. Bromage,Tim, Hunter College, City Univ.of N.Y.”S.E.Asian bamboo stalks grow to +12in.in diameter provide excellent raft building material for those working with stone tools.]

Europe, Germanyj 420,000 BILZINGLEBEN writing

Europe, France TERRA AMATA huts, bowls, crayons ancestral to AINOID, CAUCASOID,

North America [Both Leaky and Gimbutas expressed their opinion to the writer that stone tools found in California, flaked in error were often then further flaked to resemble animal heads. They date the artifacts to ca.400,000 years ago, and others much earlier]


. Europe, Germany 420,000 BILZINGLEBEN writing TERRA AMATA huts, bowls, crayons ancestral to AINOID, CAUCASOID,

. . c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN count-6 six lunar months cross-3 spring hunt? cross-2 summer hunt? count-1? overlap count-1 lunar month count-2 count-3 summer solstice The engraving suggests a summer and winter camp are used by the writers; and they migrate between them. c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN symbol flaked-out semicircle stands for the moon activties register for early fall hunt lower late fall register azimuth symbol activities register for late fall hunt count-3 calendric (and journey?) upper late fall register count-4 calendric count of lunar cycles count-3 calendric symbol big game migration trail symbols migrating herds on trail symbol move to summer camp to meet warm weather herds going north symbol intercept herds activities scrape, dry, stretch hides and furs symbol from summer solstice symbol until fall symbol this many large animals killed symbol make fire c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN count-6 count-1 count-2 count-3 symbol at winter solstice at winter site symbol for winter solstice symbol spring big game spring migration route symbol at equinox, big game migration count-13 ? count-3 ? symbols for transient camp from winter to summer sites? count-4 count-3 ? - 4 ? symbol trail to summer site and game trail symbol shelter and hides symbols for animals taken ? count-5 count-5 symbol for summer solstice count-4 count-3 count-5 count 5


. Europe, Germany 420,000 BILZINGLEBEN writing TERRA AMATA huts, bowls, crayons ancestral to AINOID, CAUCASOID,

c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN count-3 calendric (for winter camp ?) symbols animal migration trail to summer campsite symbol half moon calendric summer solstice symbols prepare hides and furs c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN count-7 for days of a lunar week count-3 dark days of the moon symbol waning crescent moon symbol waxing crescent moon c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN fall azimuth and position winter solstice azimuth angle count-4 four cold months activities register hunt count-4 four spring months trail symbol this way to summer game and hunt trail symbol this way back to winter shelter c.400,000 BC BILZINGSLEBEN The Bilzingsleben Site, is near a stream, it includes three shelters with stone fireplaces before them. debitage from making tools and tools are found about the site. The people may have been a Proto Sapiens variety of Homo Erectus - already differentiated from Proto Homo Neanderthalis. The sites at Ata Puerca, Boxgrove, Dobrkovice, Hundsheim, Mosbach, Petersbuch, Schoningen, Terra Amata, and Vertezolla may represent related peoples; may date to Cromerian Complex, Elster and Holstein Complex as late as the Saal. The dwellings at Terra Amata built c.380,000 BC with multiple hearths, stone tools, etaing utensils and intended for seasonal occupation show a remarcable grasp of materials and technology. The evidences for big game hunts in Spain and Schoningen testify to social organization. The evidences at sites in Iberia, France and Germany for seasonal occupation testity to annual movements of families, extended families and hunting clans. These people lived largely by hunting and collecting edible nuts, berries, roots, tubers and such Observing and knowing where and when migrations of game took place was a matter of bountiful meals, hides and furs for clothing , having bone and ivory with which to manufacture things. These people certinly communicated vocally. Perhaps their ability to pronounce vowels differed from ours; however vocal cords, mouth to shape sounds, and ability to use chest-register (opera singer’s), throat-register (ballad singer’s) and head-register (of jazz singers) to intonate. Creatures with vocal cords use them. They scratchefd symbols on bone, leather? and stone. The scratches are not at random. They have symbolic mening. They represent abstraction. count-14 at center representing two weeks about the winter solstice azimuths of 14-count indicate solar azimuth about the winter solstice vertical 4-from-right indicates day? lunar phase? at winter solstice count-7 at right for one lunar week azimuths of 7-count could indicate a spring or fall week when the game migrates (count-7) (at left) (suggestively added) .


.Chronicle, Legend, Myth, Religion and Immortality EUROPEAN and ANDRONOVO survivors of the

Stage -7-Mindel-Riss Interglacial –385,000-360,000,HOXNIAN N.America Yarmouth, African Pluvial

Old Paleolithic inscriptions from France perhaps 350,000 to 400,000 BC likely during the RISS / MINDLE warm interval; are probably by late Homo ERECTUS or early Homo SAPIENS. Grotta dell’ALTO porte; Sainte ANNE-Site Haute-Loire; BILZINGSLEBEN[Germany]; L’Abri de La FERRASSIE; L’Abri LARTET; MONTGAUDIER; PECH de L’AZE; PETIT-PUYMOYEN; LA QINA; L’Abri SUARD; L’Abri TAGLIENTE; left: inscription from l’ABRI SUARD, France, [Bull.Soc.Prehistorique Francaise 1996, Tome 93]

Ice Age 32 . 347,000 to 344,000 RISS -I- ANDRONOVO-2 N.America ILLINOIAN-IOWAN Glaciations

334,000 warm ice core -9- Ice Age 33 . 279,000 to 248,000ice core -8-RISS -II- ANDRONOVO-3---: .Chronicle, Legend, Myth, Religion and Immortality EUROPEAN and ANDRONOVO survivors of the

244,000 warm ice core -7- Stage -5-Riss-Wurm Eemian Interglacial –235,000 to 125,000 . LA QUINA c.150 000 to 200,000 BC These seem to represent Symbolic engravings by Homo Neanderthalensis. The symbols could be interpreted as symbol trail at summer solstice symbol dark of moon symbols prepare hides symbol light of moon symbols prepare furs synmbols at summer equinox symbol summer solstice Ice Age 34 . 188,000 to 133,000ice core -6 WURM-I-ANDRONOVO4----:N.AmericaWISCONSIN Glaciations

128,000 warm ice core -5- CAUCASOID: c.128,000 KLASSIES River, AMU & OB Basins Siberia Ice Age 35 . 72,000 to 62,000 WURM-II-ANDRONOVO -5---: Tobavolcanic-explosion–71,000BC warm Ammersfoort I,II,III

58,000 warm ice core -3- CAUCASOID: c.89,000 QUEFAZ, Israel, c.77,000 BLOMBOS Cave of S.Africa, AUSTRALIA proto-MICRONESIAN,

.Chronicle, Legend, Myth, Religion and Immortality [from Latin: “religion” binding or tying together] “He” the man from c. 250,000 BC (Homo Erectus?), The Tall White Grizzled Man?” fictionalized as “Mr Am” in “Little Orphan Annie,” appearing in legends of all Peoples also known as “The Light Master” more recently known as “The Smith?” What is there-is there anything other than“wishful-thinking” in stories of the bearded, tall, powerfully-built, white-haired, grizzled man ? [ If such a creature should exist, could accidental viral transfer of genes have lengthened his life? ] [Archaic Sapiens Ref.:670,000-350,000.Mindel-Riss warm Integlacial] Split into: San[South African Bushmen], Proto Negrito, Proto Caucasoid and Ainu Language: Proto World [Archaic Sapiens Ref.:200,000 BC] Split into: San, Early-Negrito, Early Caucasoid, Early Ainu Language Early: World [Old Sapiens: Ref.: 120,000 BC] c.100,000 Sapiens Lebanon, Syria, Israel c.100,000 Ainu-Sapiens in California Split into: San, Negrito, Caucasoid, Ainu, Micronesian, Early Caucasian Language: World [Ref.: 70,000 BC] Southern African inscriptions Temporary Sapiens settlement near Vienna Sapiens in Lebanon and Israel Sapiens at Lena River N.E.Siberia Arctic Riverway


Split into: San, Negrito, Melanesian, Early-Negro, Caucasoid, Ainu, Micronesian, Caucasian Language Late World [Ref.: 50,000-35,000 BC] c.45,000 BC charcoals in Southern Chile c.42,000 BC Brazil, wall paintings c.39,000 BC Sapiens in Albania, Bulgaria European Caucasian LanguageProto-Nostratic Dolni Vestonice (Unter Wersternitz) [Ref.: 35,000 to 27,000 BC] European Caucasian Language Early-Nostratic [WÜRM III / WÜRM II Interglacial Ref.: Solutrean of c.21,000 BC]

European Caucasian Nostratic-Zenith Lascaux Warm Interval.

European Caucasian Nostratic-splits into: Indo-European, Uro Altaic, Kartvelian, Sino Caucasian Meindorf Mild Interval .

European Caucasian Language PIE -1- Pre-Indo European Stage I [Bølling Warm Interval Ref.: Magdalenian of c.15,000 to 11,000 BC] European Caucasian Language PIE -2- [Allerød Warm Interval Ref.: Magdalenian of c.9,000 BC] European Caucasian Language PIE -3- [Boreal Warm Interval Ref.: Neolithic of c.7,500 BC] European Caucasian Language PIE -4- [Atlantic, Grand Climate Optimum Ref.:


. 360,000 to 235,000 RISS ALPINE, - SAALE North Europe, -GIPPING TILL British, -ILLINOIAN. North America

Sea level - 200 meters or lower

British Isles Gripping Tillites, Great chalky boulder clays

- BEGINNING of RISS -I-, Ice Age 33 - MIDDLE of RISS -I-, . EUROPEAN Proto-NEANDERTHAL ? . -c.320,000 Late Heidelberg Man or Early NEANDERTHAL over 33 Hominid skeletons of all ages found by Juan Luis Arsuaga [Pit of Bones] Sima de los Huesos,Atapuerca Mountains, Spain, in a limestone cave may be early NEANDERTHAL

MIDDLE of RISS -II-, Ice Age 34 . EUROPEAN HOMO ERECTUS . -c.300,000 Homo ERECTUS AT La CHAISE-DE-VOUTHON Site, France 15 engraved bome fragments fron the RISS demon proto-SAPIENS ability to abstract. The writer suggests Proto-S was able to speak and lived as family units while Neanderthal was unable to speak and lived as separate bands of women and children separate from bands of males. [ Ref.Cremades, Michele, “L’Expression Graphique au Paleolithique Interieur et Moyen L’Exemple de L’Abri Suard ( La Chaise-de-Vouthon, Charente ) ]. -250,000 Homo ERECTUS. Steinheim Man, Germany -c.250,000 ARAGO, PETRALONA, VERTRESZOLLOS -228,000 Germany, Homo ERECTUS, Bilzingslegen age may date tobetween 360,000 to 235,000 rather than –225,000. -225,000 England, Homo ERECTUS, SWANSCOMBE Skull [ by thermoluminescence], Myth, Religion and Immortality. [Chaos- an “outer,” and “unknowable blackness” from which all things originate to to which all things return is a concept that may have been held by Proto-Sapiens “Late Homo Erectus.” ] . Proto HOMO Sapiens . [ Note: it must be acknowledged that - as evidenced by mitochondriae, and measurements of physical anthropologists, that Homo Sapiens Sapiens was widely dispersed at least as early as 150,000BC. It is indicated in the tropics by similarities between Congo Pigmeys, Bushmen, Andaman Islanders, S.E.Asien Negritos, and several Melanesian groups of Austronesia and Oceania. The Ainu populations date back to at least 100,000 BC ] Myth, Religion and Immortality. [ The Ainu cosmology originates all things and “strengths” from CHAOS- from which time and oceams originated, then through which land emerged]

–c.45,000 BC to Present Aurignacian blades, textiles etc.

.-c.300,000 [Ref.: Prof.Juan-Luis Arsutaga, Complutensian Univ.Madrid, Spain] ATAPUERCA cave La Sima de los Huesos site, Spain Homo Erectus –c.1,300,000 to –c.230,000 Acheulean hand axes Archaic Sapiens –c.600,000 to –c.180,000 [Terra Amata, Bilzingleben script] Early Neanderthals –c.500,000 to –c.230,000 Neanderthal –c.230,000 to –c.40,000 BC Mousterian flaked tools Chatelperonian hafted point [Spain,near Gibralter Costa del Sol,Zararraya cave–c.27,000 BC last known Neanderthal] Homo Sapiens


. Z

on.19 Era NOZOIC

65,000,000 to 1,640,000 00 to 1,640,000

to 10,000 BOSUMTWI Crater .-c.1,300,000 Ghana

ia ia

dia poch, H CENE 10,000 BP to PRESENT

MORASKO Crater .-c.10,000 Poland 0.5 m dia

p h 2,000,000 to-c.10,000BC DURATION1,000,000

NE begins with an abrupt drop in sea level. EOSYN PYRENEES-ALPS

A IAoceani REWN-

Pleistocene

Sun’s 24th Galactic Year –250,000,000 to present SOLAR Systems’ [. ERO.] HOLOCENE-and-PRESENT-APOGALACTIC-summer AM super continent

th.25

th Galactic Year. E ; . CE

Sub-Era. RTIARYTEPeriod, NEOGENE 23,300,0 Epoch, PLEISTOCENE 1,640,000

12 km dia MACHI Crater .-c.1,000,000 Russia 0.5 km dia TALEMZANE Crater .-c.3,000,000 Algeria 2 km dZHAMANSHIN Crater .-c.750,000 Kazakhstan 10 km dAMGUID Crater .-c.100,000 Algeria 0.5 km dia LONAR Crater .-c.50,000 India 2.0 km dia BARRINGER Crater 25,000 Arizona 1,2 km

E OLO k

KAALIJARVI 4,000 Estonia 0.1 km dia ILUMETSY Crater 2,000 Estonia 0.1 km dia

Phanerozoic Eon Cenozoic Era Tertiary Period ocPleistocene E -1st Order Stellar Layers -c.30,000 [c.28,000 BC] supernova IC 443 @ c.5,000 light years, x-ray, radio neutron pulsar [Ref.”Astronomy” 2001 April, Olbert,Clearfield and Williams. 0th Order Oceanic TEJAS Phase -2,000,000 the PLEISTOCE

rd+ DE G CLINES EUROPE –c.66,000,000 to –c.5,000,000,0003 OR R +4thORDER IMPACT-c.750,000 AUSTR L c impact ST Tektite-FIELD,PLEISTOCENE-DISRUPTION


.235,000 to 125,000 Riss / Wurm EEMIAN-Interglacial Main Monastirian EEMIAN North European 3rd INTERGLACIAL (early) Sea level +18 meters

Poland, Russia Masovian

Alps Uznach

Late Monastirian Sea level + 8 meters At Levalloise France, 10 meter Somme Terrace St.Germaine I & II –c.113,000 BC

. Pre-Glacial beach of southwest Ipswichian

co Hills, Yermo Site, California, pebble-tools

Stuttgart Thermal I & Thermal II British Isles IPSWICHIAN British ,25 ft Thames Basin Upper Flood Plain, &Taplow Terrace

-225,000 Homo. Erectus. Swanscombe, England-200,000 SANGAMON N. America H. Erectus Cali

. EAN Nce at the N NDERT AL cou eak. is brain raged somewhat

larger tha

… EUROP EANDERTHAL . 220,000 to 34,000BC There is no eviden th EA H ld sp H aven today’s Homo Sapiens. He used fire. His tools remained static for over 200,000 years.

The oldest NEANDERTHAL fossils known to date are about -200,000 years. Was NEANDERTHAL Killed by WAR? Did

disease kill the Neanderthal? A middle PALEOLITHIC Inter-SPECIES Race War c.200,000 to c.100,000 BC with MOUSTERIAN . HOMO-NEANDERTHAL hunting-down and killing Europe’s HOMO ERECTUS population almost certainly occurred. Never, anywhere, at any time is there evidence of two climax predators working together with loving care for each other.

R Neanderthal mandible designated: AUBESIE 11 from Bau de l’Aubesier, south-west France from the EEMIAN arm Inte

g careing creatures, organized in affectionate

higher I.Q than Sapi

Neanderthal baby? Were newborn eanderth

cold-weather mutation? Was he a savannah and cool-to-cold airie mu

135,000 VINDIJA Cave, KARAPINA Cave, Croatia, barrel chest, short stocky body, no chin, occipital bun hunters and

.

w rval. The teeth seem to have been worn-down, the bone shows rot and resorption due to infection. It is held he lived for some months without chewing- that this demonstrates he was lovingly cared for .perhaps as a vitally needed member of a family unit [Ref.Trinkaus,Erik, Wash.Univ. St.Louis in Nat.Academy of Sci.] [ It is, today, enormously fashionable to depict Neanderthals as lovinfamily units, probably inscribing symbols on wood, bone, leather and stone, talking and not only living in harmony with, but intermarrying with Homo Sapiens. The jawbone above proves nothing of the sort. One can, as Alaskans know, ct meat into small morsels and eat them- swallow them without chewing- if you lose your false teeth. We suggest Neanderthal couldn’t speak and lived as packs of males and packs of females and children. Genetically Neanderthal is further removed from Sapiens than the Chimpanzee. The weiter can testify that numerous attempts have been made to cross humankind (Sapiens) with both Chimpanzees and Rhesus Monkeys. Amost always human males with simian females; though the writer knows of three cases of the reverse. We know of no publications by these fundamental researchers of their interesting-interspecies studies. ]

Was the Neanderthal able to speak- was the Neanderthal equipped with a better brain and perhaps aens--- but cocurrently handicapped by being unable to speak? Did the Neanderthal live3 in families? Did

Neanderthal males live separately from groups of Neanderthal females and children? There’s talk of “walking babies” What was the gestation time of a N als able in a few hours or days to toddle or walk? Where did Neanderthal come from? Was he apr tation. Mitochondrial DNA suggests he is genetically more distant from Sapiens Sapiens than the Chimpanzee. -c.cannibals. This is the warm Riss / Wurm EEMIAN-Interglacial intrval and the beginning of the Neanderthal Zenith

. [Ref.: Jakov Radovcic, 1996, Jan.”Nat.Geographic”]


.235,000 to 125,000 Riss / Wurm EEMIAN-Interglacial Main Monastirian EEMIAN North European 3rd INTERGLACIAL (early) Sea level +18 meters

. … LATE EUROPEAN NEANDERTHAL . Late NEANDERTHAL [ Note and Reference: White, Tim2001, August Once Were Cannibals “Scientific America” (note: artful use of the archaic Once “were” (“we were??” ) Cannibals, in “our” history {who’s us?} along with the text might be transliterated- even powerfully argued as evidencing that : Ancestors of today’s Europeans were cannibalistic.) ] [At Krapina Rock Shelter Croatia, Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger found remains of 20 cannibalized Neanderthals; more recently Neanderthal remains in Croatia’s Vidija Cave evidence; Alban Defleur’s excavation of at least six Neanderthals aged six to adult at Moula-Guercy Cave evidences Neanderthal cannibalism dated to c.100,000 BC ] [ Note Marlar at three pit-dwelloing Anasazi of Cowboy Wash site near Mesa Verde, Coloradodatged to 1150 AD found human myoglobin in ceramic cooking pots, and human coprolite texting positive for human myoglobin. White at the Mancos Canyon site of S.W.Colorado found evidences that over 29 men women and children were butchered and eaten. Turner indicates that over about 1000 years of Anasazi pre-history tens of thousands of cannibalized bone fragments from dozens of sites indicate cannibalism ranging from small single hearths through pueblo sites to large towns ] [Note To directly quote White: “Many practicing anthropologists believe that scientific findings should defer to social sensitivities. For such anthropologists, cannibalism is so culturally delicate, so politically incorrect, that they find any evidence for it impossible to swallow.” And then White concludes: “What is becomning clear through refinement of rthe science of archaeology, however, is that cannibalism is part of our collective part.” I ask: “Who’s ‘US ? ’ “ ] . . North AMERICA HOMO Erectus ? .

-200,000 Homo. Erectus. Calico Hills, Yermo Site, California, pebble-tools . AFRICA HOMO Erectus ? . -200,000 . AOROUNGA IMPACT .-c.200,000 Chad norh Africa, 900mi.south of Benghazi diameter 10 miles. -200,000 . PRETORIA SALT PAN IMPACT .-c.200,000 Pretoria South Africa diameter 1 mile. . AFRICA HOMO Sapiens .

.

EUROPE HOMO Erectus . -130,000 Homo. Erectus. Lehringen, Germany 45 year old elephant killed with spear

[ Reference: Summary in “U.S..News and World Report” 5 July 1999 concerning Archaeologist Stiner, Mary, In the e.Mediterranean LEVANT she finds a shift from the eating of tortoises, shellfish and slow-moving creatures to fleet footed hares partridges about 42,000 BC. It seems that tools such as nets and snares are concurrently invented. She reconstructs human colonization of the PACIFIC with rat DNA as the humans who carried them there perished from diseases. Archaeologist Robert Wayne of CLA compared DNA sequences of 67 dog breeds demonstrating that todays dogs all descend from a common Eurasian gray wolf progenitor. The divergence today indicates a minimum of 100,000 years of evolution –even with selective breeding- He sggests that domestic dogs are only known as far back as c.12,000 BC that wolves (writer: domesticated themselves c.100,000 BC, as did cats much later c.6,000 BC when several hominid species still competed su h as cNeanderthal and Sapiens. Perhaps domestic wolves added considerably to Sapiens advantage over Neanderthalensis.] .


. 125,000 to 108,000 BC.Barbados -III- Terrace

. HOMO Sapiens

. AFRICA 125,000-60,000 KLASSIES River Mouth Caves sites Game hunted is mostly smaller animals, and

thegentler ELAND as big game, shell fish are collected at the seaside, human burials are deliberate with bodies often covered with ochre, there is evidence on bones of cannibalism. -120,000 LAETOLI, Tanzania, ARCHAIC Homo SAPIENS similar to EYASI, KABWE, OMO-I -110,000 KWAZULU, Swaziland, BORDER-CAVE –1 -125,000 to 100,000 BC Abdur Village site, Red Sea Coast of Eritrea, shellfish and tools left by Homo SAPIENS [ Ref.:Walter, Robert C. 4th May “Nature” ] Perhaps H.Sapiens evolved in Africa c.200,000 BC then migrated up the coasts into Eurasia. . HOMO Sapiens . ISRAEL

-100,000 KAFZEH VI Site, ISRAEL -c.90,000 DJEBEL QAFZEH Site ISRAEL [ Note& Ref.: Ponce de Leon & Zollikofer; 2nd August 2001, “Nature” Neanderthal cranial and mandibular growth differs from Sapiens throughout life- robably beginning prenatal. 3 Sapiens skulls from c.100,000 BC and 22 modern skulls were compared with Neanderthal skulls ranging from 6 months to adults. Unlike theNeanderthal during childhood Sapien’s cranial bases flex upward toward the fornt wherewith the cranium becomes rounder , the face shortens and rectracts. ] . HOMO Sapiens

SIBERIA, Northeast ASIA . -c.120,000-100,000 BOGORODSKOYE Site, Siberia near mouth of AMUR R er iv. -c.120,000-100,000 ULALINKA Site, Siberia toward headwaters of OB River . -c.120,000-100,000 Sites in Siberia about 700 miles [in a straight line] inland in AMUR River Basin . UST’TU KUMARA FILIMOSHKI


.123,000 to 93,000BC.. ALPINE, WURM-I- Ice Age 35a - WEICHSEL North Europe, -New DRIFTBritish, -WISCONSIN N.America – WARTHE European Sea level -100 meters Thames Basin first buried channel British Isles IRISH SEA, YORK and HUNSTANTON Glaciations

.108,000 to 93,000 BC Barbados -II- Terrace

FRANCE NEANDERTHALS -c.100,000 BC .FRANCE, Rhone River drainage basin, BAUME MOULA-GUERCY Cave abundant deer and human bones are found with butchering marks, including six Neanderthal skeletons. [Ref. Prof.Alban Defleur Univ.of the Mediterranean in Marseilles.] below, deer bones, human bones and butcher’s marks on human bones:

.


. 93,000 to 89,000 BC WURM -II- ALPINE,Glaciation Ice Age 35b

.cooling phases 1, 2 maximum cold .warming phases 1,2,3,4 . ISRAEL Neanderthal

-c.90,000 DJEBEL QAFZEH Site ISRAEL

. . [DJEBEL QAFZEH Site ISRAEL, AMUD Cave inhabited by Neanderthals –c.170,000 .years ago, by Early Homo Sapiens –c.100,000 to –90,000 .years ago; then –c.50,000 .years ago again by Neanderthals –c.170,000 .(who Baruch Arensburg of Tel Aviv University finds used projectile-weapons) ] [RDE it is likely that Neanderthals were impelled out of regions about the Caucasus, Black Sea, Caspian and Aral Seas to warmer climates during Ice Age 35b possibly Early Homo Sapiens was also impelled both by cold weather in Central and Southern Eurasia, and perhaps by dessicatrion and desertification in Africa.]


. 89,000 to 58,000 BC WURM-I/II- Interstadial: includes

Ammersfoort, Brorup, Odderade .Barbados -I- Terrace. [Ref.: Henshilwood, C. et al. 15 Feb.2002, “SCIENCE” Vol 295; “Emergence of Modern Human Behavior; Middle Stone Age Engravings From South Africa] BLOMBOS Cave, [on the eastern Indian Ocean coast] layer CC, SAM-AA 8937, [perhaps 100,000 to 77,000 years ago.] Authors estimate a mean of 77,000 years ago. Thermoluminescent date of overlying dune dated to 70,000 years ago. The ENGRAVINGS are made of polished, pre-flattened ochre. The inhabitants collected shell fish. Small basin-shaped [holding ashes] hearths were built, Lance shaped STILL BAY spear and lance POINTS

TIME LINE DARK of the MOON 7 Days of a LUNAR WEEK

.Blomberg Stratigraphy. 34

o 25’ South and 21

o 13’ East

.HUNGARY NEANDERTHALS .-c.100,000 to –c.80,000 TATA, Hungary is a grassy region of prairie and savannah inhabited by Neanderthals. A polished baby mammoths tooth was found.


. . .

. 71,000 BC .TOBA HENGELO-DENECAMP Warm-Interval:.

. TOBA VOLCANIC CATASTROPHY


Ammersfoort, Brorup, Odderade .Barbados -I- Terrace Epimonastirian sea level +4 meters Thames Basin Lower Flood Plain under water Myth and Immortality.Hunch-Man Neanderthaloid, intelligenmt, and “near immortal from c.100,000 BC A

“Beast-with-shoes-on” shambles as a nightmmare- no not a “Boggy man” found in peat bogs none older than about 4,000 BC. .” NEANDERTHALc.90,000 BC Neanderthal Israel QAFZEH Site; Proto SAPIENS c.89,000 BC QAFZEH Site

.c Crossing of Homo Sapiens from Timor to Australia

a, 75,000 to 50,000 BC WURM-I/II- Interstadial: Australia [Ref. see by: Bower, Bruce, “18th Oct.2003, “Science News” and Bednarik, Robert G., Proj.Dir,Lombok Island and Strait, Indonesia, near Bali, Dir.of International Inst.of Replicative Archaeology in South Caulfield [April 2003 “Cambridge Archaeological Jrnl.”] , Australia.; Morwood, Michael Univ.New England in Armidale Australia Dir.Flores Island excavations H.Erectus arrived +ca.850,000 years ago. Bromage,Tim, Hunter College, City Univ.of N.Y.”S.E.Asian bamboo stalks grow to +12in.in diameter provide excellent raft building material for those working with stone tools.]



Ammersfoort, Brorup, Odderade .Barbados -I- Terrace. [Ref.: Henshilwood, C. et al. 15 Feb.2002, “SCIENCE” Vol 295; “Emergence of Modern Human Behavior; Middle Stone Age Engravings From South Africa] BLOMBOS Cave, layer CC, SAM-AA 8937, [perhaps 100,000 to 77,000 years ago.] Authors estimate a mean of 77,000 years ago. Thermoluminescent date of overlying dune dated to 70,000 years ago. The ENGRAVINGS are made of polished, pre-flattened ocre. The inhabitants collected shell fish. Small basin-shaped [holding ashes] hearths were built, Lance shaped STILL BAY spear and lance POINTS

.

. READ FROM LEFT TO RIGHT


.

... .

.Time-line [ancestral lead-line used from c.32,000 to.6,000 BC] Events, centered about hunting and gathering edible plants, are diagrammed about the TIME LINE [ehich reads from left to right] ,LUNAR SYMBOLS about the central TIME LINE. In southern Africa a lunar calendar is more important than a solar

calendar.In the center, the three day DARK OF THE MOON is indicated . START here at lower-left and read from left-to-right CALENDRIC. YEARS are divided into summer-and-winter CALENDRIC.

. three day DARK of the MOON, CALENDRIC. 7-DAY LUNAR WEEK is plotted along the TIME LINE. It is repeated about four times during each lunation. The important days are about the DARK OF THE MOON

7-DAY LUNAR WEEK . count 7-says in a lunar week [it is possible that 8 lunations (each 4 lunar weeks long) are being counted during the hunting season] CALENDRIC. . AZIMUTH V Solar Calendric Marks solstice CALENDRIC.


.

left female PERSONA.

center female PERSONA.

right female PERSONA.

S.. .ACTIVITIEhunting antelopes, wool-gathering .MATERIALS…. butchered Animal parts wind-spin wool & wool + felting + hair that’s scraped from hides .bottom: BONES, HAIR and WOOL. Center: BONE, PERSONA works on hide and on fibers

. ACTIVITIES...butcher, make bone tools, store food .MATERIALS…. bone marrow bone stored meat

.left: leg of ANTELOPE left: ?? antelopes in profile ?? hunted at dark of moon center: ?? animal’s shank?? Right: persona works on hide and fibers

Bottom: activities RADIANT Center: hide [Notice the progression of hunting activities from left to right along the TIME LINE ]

.lower GEOGRAPHIC [calendric]...lower-left indicates the butchered animals grought to camp after a successful hunt . Major ….activities-at-camp as function of expected results of hunting through the year, food-storage, preparation of hides, making of fibers and felt, use of bone tools .


. middle GEOGRAPHIC [calendric]... .Major….LUNAR-SOLAR calendric . upper GEOGRAPHIC [calendric]...upper-left indicates hunting and butchering during the grassy cooler season when younger animals are born .Major…. .animal-migration, hunting, and food-storage as fnction of game trails and lunar-month of a year. Migrations, animal-trails, human-trek-trails

. . ,. Archeo-Climatology, Ecology & Geography. See: Allerød 9,500 BC , 1st Pre-Boreal, 8,300-7,800BC, .Mesolithic Cold Drought. 7,800-7,200BC, .Boreal -I- 7,200-7,000 BC, .Boreal-II 6,900-6,700 BC , .2nd Inter-Boreal Cold Drought 6,700 to 6,500 BC, .Boreal -III-6,500-6,000 BC, Atlantic-Ia . 5,900-5,600 BC, .Atlantic-Ib- 5,600-5,400 BC ...Atlantic-II-5,060-4,740 BC .Atlantic-III-4,700-4,400 BC .Atlantic-IV-4,000-3,750 BC .Early Sub-Boreal Ia 3,500-3,250 BC. .EARLYSub-Boreal Ib 3,200-3.000 BC. Sub-Boreal Ic 3,000-2,700 BC GreatSub-Boreal3,000-2,700Drought .Inter Sub-Boreal Ic/Id 3,250-3,200 BC .Sub-Boreal Id 2,700-2,575 BC.1st Little Ice Age 2,575-2,400 B .Sub-Boreal Id 2,700-2,575 BC .Sub-Boreal IIa 2.400-2,300 BC Cool and Dry Inter Sub-Boreal IIa/IIb 2,300 BC . Sub-Boreal IIb 2,300-2,100 BC Cool and Dry Inter Sub-Boreal IIb/IIc 2,300 BC .Sub-Boreal IIc1. 2.100-1,800 1,750 BC THYRA .Sub-Boreal IIc2. 1,800-1670 BC 1,750 BC THYRA .2ndLittleIceAge1,670-1,510 MOUNTAIN-GLACIALLobben1,750-1,600cold Drought .LATESub-Boreal III1,600-1,300 .3rd Little Ice Age1,270-900 BC Mycenaean1,300-900 cold Drought 1,280 BC HECLA

.18,000-17,000 BC Solutrean Laugerie Haut WIII / WIV Interstadial. Beringia Amerasian-Bridge .

, . Archeo-Linguistics, with . , . Archeo-Anthropology & Genetics .

. Genotype & Language Within each span of about 100,000 years there are physiological changes. Within the last 100,000 years, and within the single species, Sapiens-Sapiens some include: steatophygia, dark-skin to adjust calcium metabolism, lactase intolerance/& and neotony with adult lactase tolerance, the pale Nordic adjusting to Vitamin D deficiency in near sunless environments, Papuam spherocytosis and African sickle cell anemia both in response to malaria, Cushing’s symdrome so-fondly imaged as “Stone Age Venuses,” and surviving wonderfully as is apparent on walking about in any American or European shopping-mall; and among many other genetic differences a measurable so politically-incorrect that its suggested the United Nations pass international laws against its discussion and measurement: “intelligence,” the Stanford-Binet “I.Q.” the ability to relate cause-and-effect and concurrently behave socially. There are marked differences in human voices as a function of sex, age, and genotype. Bantu voices have a bell-like quality music properly scored to their voices is magnificent. Octave range is largely genetic- [Chile’s Nightingale was “born with it.”]. Perfect pitch is genetic [“You got it or you aint.”]

Songster styles include: [jazz singers] head-register, [Vienna choir boy]throat register, and [operetic “pear-shaped”]chest register. One wonders, that no writer seems to have noticed Elvis Presley; was one of the few persons able to comand all three.


There is some measure of language related to genotype. How much remains to be measured. Paleolinguists indicate a “World Language” preceding “Nostratic.” Perhaps a series of “World Languages” loosely associated with genotype subdivide the last 100,000 years including: . Genotype & Language 700,000 BC PHOSPHORIA-1- 600,000 BC PHOSPHORIA-2- 400,000 BC PHOSPHORIA-3-

300,000 BC PHOSPHORIA-4- 200,000 BC PHOSPHORIA-5- 100,000 BC PHOSPHORIA-6-

------BCINTERGLACIAL

World -- **W-- RISS--, *W--

WÜRM--- NOSTRATIC

.

Solutrean Archeo-Anthropology & Genetics . . HELENA Σ of Aquatania .

n Helena is 18,000 BC 47% of mitochondria Europe 2000 AD Beringia Amerasian-Bridge . Σ Hengelo 43,000 BC 11%, URSULA Naaillian23,000 BC 6%, XENIA Solutrean 18,000 BC 47%, HELENA Lascaux 15,000 BC 5% VELDA Dryas –I- 13,000 BC 6% KATRINE Pre-Boreal 8,000 BC 15% JASMINE Lascaux 15,000 BC 9%TARA [Sykes, Brian 2001 “Seven Daughters of Eve,”Pub.Norton 500 5thAve N.Y ISBN 0-393-02018-5]

, . Archeo-Linguistics, .

Würm-I-N**** Würm I World -1- 100,000 BC San, Tasman ------BC

InterglacialWorld -- **W--

Würm-I-, Würm-II-- . Würm-II-

31,000BCInterglacial

World -4- **W-4- Würm-II-, Würm-III--

Würm II World -2- 70,000 BC San, Tasman, Negrito, Ainu, Caucasoid, Caucasian Hengelo World -3- 45,000 BC San, Tasman, Negrito, Ainu, Austronesian, Caucasoid, Caucasian

31,000BCWürm-III-

30,000BC

Arcy-I ,II- Würm-III-phase I

27,000BC

Les Eyzies abc Würm-III-phase II

25,000BCTursac Würm-III-

phase III

24,000BCPaudorf-Pataud Würm-III-

phase IV

23,000BCNoaillian ab Würm-III-

phase V

24,000-22,000 BC .Noaillian a,b .Gravettian, Pavlov Würm-III-

phase VI

21,400 BC .Perigordian . Würm-III-

phases VI to IX

21,060 BC .Proto-Solutrean Würm-III-

phases X to XII

19,795 BC .Gardena a . El Pendo, France Würm-III-

phase XIII Inter-Gardena

19,795 BC .Gardena b . Laugeria Haut-Brandenburg Würm-III--

phase XIV


16,000BC Interglacial Nostratic **W-4-

or *N-, Würm-III-, Würm-IV— 15,000BC NZero

L ascaux

Würm-IV—

phase Nostratic **W-4- or *N-, Würm-III-, Würm-IV—

14,000BC NZeroMeindorf

Würm-IV--

phase 12,500BC

Bølling-1-

Würm-IV—phase

Bølling 12,500BC Pre Indo European I

9,000BCAllerød

-2 Würm-IV--

phase Allerød 9,500 BC Pre Indo European II

8,000BCPre-Boreal

-3- Würm-IV--

phase

7,000BCBoreal

-3- Würm-IV--

phase Pre-Boreal+Boreal 8.300-6,000 BC Pre-Indo European III

5,000BC Atlantic

-4- Würm-IV—

phase Atlantic-I to IV .5,900- 3,750 BC P Indo European IV re-& Nordic, Slavic, Latin subdivision.

.

--------BC HOLOCENE

Indo-European or Nostratic Zero. of 2,000 AD is English AD PHOSPHORIA Begins with launch of manned starships. . Wagon Trains to the Stars.


1,800,000 to 10,000 pleistocene

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