18-1 finding order in diversity slide 1 of 26 classification of living organisms lecture 3 copyright...

18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

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Classification of Living Organisms

Lecture 3

18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

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Aristotle’s 1st system of classification was based on:

Plants: structureAnimals: habitat

Linnaeus’ system was based just visible structures called:

Morphology-study of form/structure

18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

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Taxonomy:The modern day system for

studying and classifying living organisms.

Page 4: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Modern scientist who classify, taxonomist , use the following:

1. Homologous Structures-Homo means…

-the same

-similar structures with different functions

Page 5: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Penguin flipper used for swimming

Alligator fore arm used for walking

Bat wing used for flying

Human fore arm for gathering

Page 6: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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2. Evidence from Genetics/Biochemistry

-common or similar DNA codes. -common or similar

proteins

Analysis of the DNA sequence determined that the monkey's DNA code is about 93 percent similar to the human

DNA code.

Page 7: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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3. Similarities in embryonic development.

Page 8: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Phylogenic Tree know as:

-evolutionary treeor

-tree of life

Page 9: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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New Classification Schemes

Taxonomy:-is the study of classification-to organize all living organisms

based on their morphology (structures) and phylogeny (evolutionary trend)

Phylogeny: -Is the evolutionary history of a species.

Page 10: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Two approaches to Phylogenetic Classification:

1. Creating a Phylogenic Tree-Each successive group , taxon, should be represented by finer and finer branches all stemming from a common ancestor. Creates a “tree of life”.

-branches based on:*biochemical evidence*homologous

structures*common embryology

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Page 13: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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2. Creating a cladogramUses certain features of an organism called shared derived characteristics.

Shared derived characteristics are features that apparently evolved only within the group under consideration.

Example: Feathers…..birds are the only animals that

have feathers therefore it separates it from all other vertebrates.

Page 14: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Page 15: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Page 16: 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 1 of 26 Classification of Living Organisms Lecture 3 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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18-1 finding order in diversity slide 1 of 26 classification of living organisms lecture 3 copyright...

Documents

diversity slide

formstructure slide

tree of life slide

common embryology slide

similar structures

system of classification

evolutionary tree

morphology structures