1.7 The history of Computer Networking and the Internet

20 minutes of joy with Patric and Andreas

The switching 60’s

Telephone

Telephone network is the dominating communication network

Used circuit switching

Computer communication

Short bursts of information Long inactivity periods Packet switching

More suitable for this type of communication More robust

ARPAnet

Advanced Research Projects Agency at MIT The first packet switching network

IMP (Interface message processor) installed at UCLA UC Santa Barbara Stanford Univ. of Utah

The 70’s

1972: ARPAnet is now consistent of 15 nodes The first host-to-host protocol

NCP (Network Control Protocol) enables applications to be written

First e-mail program

New networks emerging…

ALOHAnet Enabling communication over microwaves between the Hawaiian

Islands. Telenet

Commercial packet switching network based on ARPAnet’s technology Cyclades

French packet switching network IBM’s SNA

Parallelled ARPAnet’s work Tymnet, GE Information Services network etc.

Time sharing networks

Networks of networks

DARPA (Defence ARPA) funded the connection of networks

Networks of networks also called inernetting

Protocols

(early version of) TCP was used for connecting the networks

Forwarding functions IP

UDP

More Protocols

Ethernet protocol Enabling wired based

broadcast sharing networks

Laying the foundation for LAN

ALOHA Protocol Multiple access

protocol

The 80’s

More computer networks

BITNET University e-mail and file sharing

CSNET Linking researchers without access to the ARPAnet

NSFNET Connection to supercomputing centers 56kbps backbone, later 1,5Mbps and serving as the

linking backbone between regional networks

Standardisation

TCP/IP replacing NCP as the standard host protocol for ARPAnet

The late 80’s: Congestion control is added to TCP DNS is invented

The 90’s

Commercialisation

ARPAnet closes down NSFNET serving as backbone connecting the

regional networks and opening the network for commercial purposes

In 1995 NSFNET is decomissioned and Internet Service Providers serves as the new backbones in its place

Developments

The key components of the web: HTML, HTTP, web server and a web browser is developed in the early 90’s

93: web browsers with GUI. 95: Web commerce Killer applications:

E-mail The Web IM (ICQ) P2P file sharing (Napster)

The rest is history…