document1
TRANSCRIPT
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Introduction
Chapter 1
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines
A multilevel machine
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Contemporary Multilevel Machines
A six-level computer.
The support method for each level is indicated below it .
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Evolution of Multilevel Machines
a) Invention of microprogramming
b) Invention of operating system
c) Migration of functionality to microcode
d) Elimination of microprogramming
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Operating System Tasks
A sample job for the FMS operating system
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Milestones in Computer Architecture (1)
Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Milestones in Computer Architecture (2)
Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Computer Generationsa) Zeroth Generation
Mechanical Computers (1642 – 1945)
c) First GenerationVacuum Tubes (1945 – 1955)
e) Second GenerationTransistors (1955 – 1965)
g) Third GenerationIntegrated Circuits (1965 – 1980)
i) Fourth GenerationVery Large Scale Integration (1980 – ?)
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Von Neumann Machine
The original Von Neumann machine.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
PDP-8 Innovation – Single Bus
The PDP-8 omnibus
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
IBM 360
The initial offering of the IBM product line.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Technological and Economic Forces
Moore’s law predicts a 60-percent annual increase in thenumber of transistors that can be put on a chip. The data points given in this figure are memory sizes, in bits.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
The Computer Spectrum
The current spectrum of computers available. The prices should be taken with a grain (or better yet, a metric ton) of salt.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Personal Computer
A printed circuit board is at the heart of every personal computer. This figure is a photograph of the Intel D875PBZ board. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.
1. Pentium 4 socket2. 875P Support chip3. Memory sockets4. AGP connector5. Disk interface6. Gigabit Ethernet7. Five PCI slots8. USB 2.0 ports9. Cooling technology10. BIOS
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Example Computer Families
a) Pentium 4 by Intel
b) UltraSPARC III by Sun Microsystems
c) The 8051 chip by Intel, used for embedded systems
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Intel Computer Family (1)
The Intel CPU family. Clock speeds are measured in MHz (megahertz) where 1 MHZ is 1 million cycles/sec.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Intel Computer Family (2)
The Pentium 4 chip. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Intel Computer Family (3)
Moore’s law for (Intel) CPU chips.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
MCS-51 Family
Members of the MCS-51 family.
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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0
Metric Units
The principal metric prefixes.