15.2 lecture
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15.2 Seawater15.2 Seawater
Pages 392 - 398Pages 392 - 398
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Goal 1Goal 1
Discuss the chemical and Discuss the chemical and physical properties of physical properties of
seawaterseawater
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GasesGases OxygenOxygen NitrogenNitrogen Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
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NutrientsNutrients NitratesNitrates PhosphatesPhosphates SilicatesSilicates
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Salts (see table 15-1 page 392)Salts (see table 15-1 page 392) Salinity 35 ppt = 3.5% Salinity 35 ppt = 3.5% Salt ionsSalt ions
ChlorideChlorideSodiumSodiumSulfateSulfateMagnesiumMagnesiumCalciumCalcium
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Salinity Variation (figure 15-10 page Salinity Variation (figure 15-10 page 393)393) High salinity (up to 37 ppt)High salinity (up to 37 ppt)
EvaporationEvaporationHotHotLow precipitationLow precipitation
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Low salinity (down to 32 ppt)Low salinity (down to 32 ppt)Low EvaporationLow EvaporationHigh precipitationHigh precipitationFreshwater influxFreshwater influx
Glacier meltGlacier meltRiver mouthRiver mouth
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Sources of SaltsSources of Salts Volcanic gasesVolcanic gases Weathered Rocks & MineralsWeathered Rocks & Minerals
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Removal of saltsRemoval of salts Precipitate (become solid) in dry Precipitate (become solid) in dry
areasareas Sea Spray deposited inlandSea Spray deposited inland Marine organismsMarine organisms
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Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties More dense than freshwaterMore dense than freshwater Freshwater = 1.00 g /mLFreshwater = 1.00 g /mL Seawater = 1.02 g/mL to 1.03 Seawater = 1.02 g/mL to 1.03
g/mLg/mL Freezing point = -2° CFreezing point = -2° C
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Light absorption (see figure 15-14 Light absorption (see figure 15-14 page 396)page 396) Seawater absorbs lightSeawater absorbs light RYO (Long wavelengths) 50 mRYO (Long wavelengths) 50 m Green to 100 mGreen to 100 m Photosynthesis ??Photosynthesis ??
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Goal 2Goal 2
Explain ocean layeringExplain ocean layering
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See page 397See page 397
Warm water = less dense = floatsWarm water = less dense = floats
Cold water = more dense = sinksCold water = more dense = sinks
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Temperature decrease with depthTemperature decrease with depth Surface layer (top layer)Surface layer (top layer)
~ 100 m depth~ 100 m depth Nonexistent at polesNonexistent at poles Warm Warm Temperature varies Temperature varies EquatorEquator
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Thermocline (middle layer)Thermocline (middle layer) Depth location variesDepth location varies Nonexistent at polesNonexistent at poles Temperature rapidly decreasesTemperature rapidly decreases
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Bottom layer (bottom layer)Bottom layer (bottom layer) Depth variesDepth varies Very cold <4° C Very cold <4° C Near freezing tempsNear freezing temps
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Goal 3Goal 3
Explain deep water Explain deep water massesmasses
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Deep water mass formationDeep water mass formation Polar areasPolar areas
Cold Salty water = very dense Cold Salty water = very dense Salts do not freeze out of waterSalts do not freeze out of waterSinks Sinks Migrates toward equatorMigrates toward equator
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Movement of salty water to polesMovement of salty water to polesCoolsCoolsMore salty = more denseMore salty = more denseSinksSinks
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Three major water massesThree major water masses
1.1. Antarctic Bottom WaterAntarctic Bottom Water Antarctic winterAntarctic winter Freezing, salt concentrationFreezing, salt concentration ColdestColdest densestdensest
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Three major water massesThree major water masses
2.2. North Atlantic DeepwaterNorth Atlantic Deepwater GreenlandGreenland Freezing, salt concentrationFreezing, salt concentration 22ndnd Coldest Coldest 22ndnd Densest Densest
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Three major water massesThree major water masses
3.3. Antarctic Intermediate WaterAntarctic Intermediate Water Antarctic winterAntarctic winter Temperature decreaseTemperature decrease 33rdrd Coldest Coldest 33rdrd Densest Densest
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Atlantic oceanAtlantic ocean Affected by all 3 deep water Affected by all 3 deep water
massesmasses
Pacific OceanPacific Ocean Affected by only 2 Affected by only 2 Which one does not ???Which one does not ???
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THETHE
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