15090103 science biodiversity research 2

7/30/2019 15090103 Science Biodiversity Research 2

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Science~Biodiversity 1

Name: MOHAMAD ADIB BIN RAHMATMUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN AZMANSIVARAJ A/L RAVICHANDRAN

Class: 2 CEMERLANG

Teacher: PN. JUNAIDAH BT. HASSAN


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What is Biodiversity?The wide variety of organisms on Earth in known asbiodiversity or biological diversity.The Variety of organisms can be classified using anappropriate classification method.

Classification of Organisms

A classification system is required to group living thingsmethodically because of their large number and types.Although they possess common characteristic, organismsfrom the same species still have distinctive characteristicswhich differentiate them from other species.Classification is important to enable more in-depth scientific

studies to be carried out for the improvement of the speciesthemselves.

Classification of Animals

Groups of animals can be classified according to similaritiesin characteristics, features and structures.

Common characteristics are characteristics that arepossessed by two or more types of species.Common characteristics in animals include methods ofreproduction, types of food habitats and physical features.Classification of animals by common characteristics:


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Fish, pangolin, lizard, snake, monitor lizardBody covered with scales

Bird, penguin, chicken, duckBody covered with feathers

Cat, dog, cow, rabbit, bear, batBody covered with hair

Chicken, duck, cat, cockroach, mouse, bearOmnivorous

Lion, tiger, piranha, crocodile, snake, frogCarnivorous

Rabbit, cow, goat, giraffe, squirrel, snail,grasshopper

Herbivorous

Whale, dolphin, porcupine, pangolin, bat,rabbit, cow

Reproduces by giving birth

Hen, fish, bird, crab, duck, goose, cockroachReproduces by laying eggs

Crocodile, frog, turtle, seal, otterLive in water & on land

dog, chicken, cat, squirrel, mouse, elephant,tiger, deer

Live on land

crab, fish, shrimp, oyster, squid, cockle,jellyfish

Live in water

ExamplesCharacteristics of animal

Animals

InvertebratesVertebrates

Fish

(with backbones) (without backbones)

Mammals

Amphibians ReptilesBirds


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Presence ofbackbones

Body Support

With backbones

Main support isendoskeleton

which consists of bones

Main support isexoskeleton

such as hard skin andfluid pressure

Without backbones

Vertebrates Invertebratesaspects

Animal Kingdom

Animal can be divided into vertebrates and invertebrates.Differences between vertebrates and invertebrates are as

follows:

Vertebrates

Vertebrates can be divided into five groups, namely fish,amphibians, reptiles birds and mammals.The characteristics of vertebrates as follows:


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Fish ( Pisces )

Characteristics:1. Live in the water

2. Cold-blooded (poikilothermic)3. Streamlined body, covered with slimy scales4. Breathe with gills

5. Most lay eggs. A few such as sharks and seahorses givebirth to young

6. Move using fins and tail

backbone

Dorsal fin

scalesTail fin

Pectoral fin

eye

nostril

Sensory line

Anal fin

Gill cover

Ventral fin


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Characteristics:1. Can live on land and in the water

the young live in water2. Cold-blooded (poikilothermic)3. Body is covered with moist skin4. Breathe with lungs5. Lay eggs6. Move using limbs and tail

Amphibians

backbone

tympaniceye

nostril

mouth

Soft, moist andexposed skinFront leg

Rear leg


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Reptiles

Characteristics:1. Live on land and in the

water2. Cold-blooded

(poikilothermic)3. Have dry, hard scaly skin4. Breathe with lungs5. Lay eggs6. Move using limbs and tail

backbone

taileardrum

eye

mouth

Front leg

Rear leg


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Birds

Characteristics:1. Live on land

2. Warm-blooded(homoeothermic)

3. Body is covered with

feathers4. Breathe with lungs5. Lay eggs6. Move using wigs and legs7. Have beaks

wing

tail

Hardscalylegs

eye

beak

Sharp claw


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Mammals

Characteristics:1. Some live on land and some live in water

2. Warm-blooded (homoeothermic)3. Body is covered with hair or fur4. Breathe with lungs5. Give birth to young except platypuses and

anteaters6. Move using limbs7. Young feed milk from the mothers mammary

glands

leg

tail

nail

ear

eye


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Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without backbones.The support system of invertebrates consists of:

Exoskeleton such as hard shell. Examples are crabs, prawns andcentipedes.Hydrostatic frame. Examples are earthworms, caterpillars andplanarians.

Generally, the physical characteristics of invertebrates aresimpler thanvertebrates

Most microorganisms are invertebrates. For examples,coelenterates (Hydraand jellyfish) and protozoa (Paramecium and Amoeba).

Classification of Plants

Plants too can be classified according to their commoncharacteristics.Common characteristics of plants include propagationmethod, habitat andphysical features.

Classification of plants by common characteristics:

Wild grass, sugar cane, maize, paddyParallel-Veined leaves

Hibiscus tree, yam, sweet potato, Africanviolet, rose

Net-Veined leaves

Fern, mossHave spores

Papaya, orchid, maize, watermelon, hibiscusHave seeds

Fern, moss, algaeNon-Flowering

Maize, grass, wild grass, sunflowerFlowering

Crotons, rose, orchid, chilly, screw-pine.Shrub

Casuarinas tree, pine tree, angsana tree,rambutan tree.

Woody stem

Banana tree, durian tree, angsana tree,orchid, maize

Grow on land

Water lettuce, lemna, water lily, algae

Grow in water

ExamplesCharacteristics of plant


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Plant Kingdom

Different scientists classify plants by different characteristics.Plants can also be grouped by the presence or absence ofseeds as follows:

Plants

Without seedsWith seeds

Flowering Non-Flowering

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

(Conifers)

(ferns, mosses, algae)

Plants can also be divided into flowering and non-floweringplants.

Flowering Plants

Flowering plants are plants that can produce flowers.Flowers are reproductive organs of flowering plants.Flowering plants can be divided into groups, themonocotyledons and thedicotyledons, depending on the number of cotyledons in the

seeds.Cotyledons is the main seed leaf for the germination of newseedlings.Cotyledons contains starch as food for the seeds that areunable to maketheir own food.


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Characteristics:

Seed has two cotyledons

Tap root system, which consists

of small roots that branch out ofone main root.

Leaves have net veins

Stem is woody and hard.

Examples: rose tree,bougainvillea, angsana tree,balsam plant, guava tree.

Characteristics:

Seed has one cotyledon

fibrous root system, which

consists of many roots of equalsize.

Leaves have parallel veins.

Stem is non-woody and soft.

Examples: wild grass, orchidplant, maize, sugar cane, palmtrees, paddy.

DicotyledonsMonocotyledons

One CotyledonTwo

Cotyledons

A maize grain cut in half A green bean (split into two)

Example: Maize Example: Balsam plant


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Non-Flowering Plants

Non-flowering plants are plants that do not produce flowers.Non-flowers plants need to reproduce by other means, forexample, through spores

Non-flowering plants can be divided into four groups, namelyalgae, mosses, conifers, and ferns.

Benefits of Biodiversity

Source of foodSource of materials

Source of medicineClean waterAir to breathe

Human Activities That Cause Animals & PlantsBecome Endangered

African elephants are hunted for their ivory tusks to makejewellery and ornaments.Sharks are killed for their fins to make special delicacies.Seabirds have been killed by oil spills.Gorillas are killed and served as food. Their palms are used tomake ashtrays.

Ways to Protect Endangered Wildlife

Setting up natural reserves.Enforcing legislation: banning hunting, collecting or trading ofthese wildlife.Protecting their habitats.Breeding them in zoos to increase their number .Increase awareness regarding the importance of biodiversityto the environment through education and campaigns.


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15090103 science biodiversity research 2

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