14 a new industrial age quit chapter objective interact with history interact with history time line...
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14 A New Industrial Age
QUIT
CHAPTER OBJECTIVECHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORYINTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINETIME LINE
VISUAL SUMMARYVISUAL SUMMARY
SECTION The Expansion of Industry 1
SECTION The Age of the Railroads 2
SECTION Big Business and Labor 3
MAP
GRAPH
14 A New Industrial Age
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CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effects of various scientific discoveries and manufacturing innovations on the nature of work, the American labor movement, and businesses
14W I T H H I S T O R Y
I N T E R A C T
What are the pros and cons of railroad expansion? Examine the Issues
The year is 1863 and railroad construction is booming. In six years, the United States will be linked by rail from coast to coast. Central Pacific Railroad employs mainly Chinese immigrants to blast tunnels, lay track, and drive spikes, all for low wages. You are a journalist assigned to describe this monumental construction project for your readers.
• How will businesses and the general public benefit from the transcontinental railroad?
• What dangers do the railroad workers encounter?
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• How might railroad construction affect the environment?
A New Industrial Age
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The United States The World
1869 Central Pacific and Union Pacific complete the transcontinental railroad.
1870 Franco-Prussian War breaks out.
1875 British labor unions win right to strike.
1879 Thomas A. Edison invents a workable light bulb.
TIME LINE
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1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.
1877 Munn v. Illinois establishes government regulation of railroads. Mother Jones supports the Great Strike of 1877.
continued . . .
1882 United States restricts Chinese immigration.
A New Industrial Age
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The United States The World
1884 Grover Cleveland is elected president.
1900 William McKinley is reelected.
TIME LINE
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1890 Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act.
1890 Colonization of sub-Saharan Africa peaks.
1893 Women in New Zealand gain voting rights.
1894 President Cleveland sends federal troops to Illinois to end the Pullman strike. William McKinley is elected president.
1896 First modern Olympic Games are held in Athens, Greece.
1883 Germany becomes the first nation to provide national health insurance.
1886 Haymarket riot turns public sentiment against unions.
A New Industrial Age
1The Expansion of Industry
Industry booms as natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel technological development.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOMEMAP
1The Expansion of Industry
OVERVIEW
At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fueled an industrial boom.
Technological developments of the late 19th century paved the way for the continued growth of American industry.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
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• Thomas Alva Edison
• Christopher Sholes
• Alexander Graham Bell• Bessemer process
• Edwin L. Drake
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
MAP
1The Expansion of Industry
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List resources, ideas, and markets that affected the industrial boom of the 19th century. Then note how each item contributed to industrialization.
continued . . .
Bessemer process
Oil boom, wealthOil drill
Steel
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Resources, Ideas, Markets Impact
Electrical power
Telephone
Bridge construction, more railroads
Frame buildings
Artificial light widely available
Faster communications
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ASSESSMENT
1The Expansion of Industry
2. Do you think that consumers gained power as industry expanded in the late 19th century?
ANSWERANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
• Yes. Availability of products; more leisure time
• No. low wages; less skill and craft
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ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
MAP
1The Expansion of Industry
3. If the United States had been poor in natural resources, how would industrialization have been affected?
ANSWERANSWER
Less wealth; less industry; slower growth
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ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
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1The Expansion of Industry
4. Which invention or development described in this section had the greatest impact on society? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Electricity: changed business and home environments
Telephone: sped up communication, faster service, faster growth
Bessemer process: steel used for buildings, machines, factories, bridges, railroads
• the applications of inventions
• the impact of inventions on people’s daily lives
• the effect of inventions on the workplace
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ASSESSMENT
End of Section 1
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2The Age of the Railroads
The growth and consolidation of the railroads benefit the nation but lead to corruption and regulation.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
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2The Age of the Railroads
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OVERVIEW
The growth and consolidation of railroads benefited the nation but also led to corruption and required government regulation.
Railroads made possible the expansion of industry across the United States.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
• transcontinental railroad
• George M. Pullman
• Interstate Commerce Act • Crédit Mobilier
• Munn v. Illinois
2The Age of the Railroads
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List five effects of the rapid growth of railroads.
continued . . .
Rapid Growth of Railroads
Regulation of industry
Creation of nationwide
market
Corruption
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ASSESSMENT
Growth of towns and cities
Consolidation of railroads
2The Age of the Railroads
2. Do you think the government and private citizens could have done more to curb the corruption and power of the railroads? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
• Yes. Consumer boycotts; more regulation; better prosecution of corrupt officials
• No. Munn v. Illinois broke new ground for regulation; more regulation would have slowed industrial growth.
• why the railroads had power
• the rights of railroad customers and workers
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ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
• the scope of government regulations
2The Age of the Railroads
3. The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?
ANSWERANSWER
Railroads increased United States settlement and built up United States commerce.
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ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
2The Age of the Railroads
4. Why do you think that some Americans disliked the railroad as a new means of transportation?
ANSWERANSWER
Pollution and social changes brought on by railroads impeded freedoms. Some feared change because of unknown consequences.
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ASSESSMENT
End of Section 2
3Big Business and Labor
The expansion of industry in the North results in the growth of big business and in the formation of unions by laborers seeking to better their working conditions and pay.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOMEGRAPH
3Big Business and Labor
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TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
• John D. Rockefeller
• Mary Harris Jones
• Social Darwinism
• Andrew Carnegie
• Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
• American Federation of Labor (AFL)
• Sherman Antitrust Act
• Samuel Gompers
• Eugene V. Debs
• vertical and horizontal integration
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
OVERVIEW
The expansion of industry resulted in the growth of big business and prompted laborers to form unions to better their lives.
Many of the strategies used today in industry and in the labor movement, such as consolidation and the strike, have their origins in the late 19th century.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
GRAPH
3Big Business and Labor
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List four notable achievements and setbacks of the labor movement between 1876 and 1911.
continued . . .
1877:The Great Strike
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ASSESSMENT
1886:The Haymarket Affair
1892:The Steel Strike
1911: Triangle Fire
Event One
Event Two
Event Three
Event Four
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3Big Business and Labor
2. Do you think that the tycoons of the late 19th century are best described as ruthless robber barons or as effective captains of industry? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
“Barons”—exploitation of workers; greed; personal gain
“Captains”—philanthropy; national commerce; jobs
continued . . .
• their management tactics and business strategies
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ASSESSMENT
• their contributions to the economy • their attitude toward competition
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3Big Business and Labor
3. Does the life of Andrew Carnegie support or counter the philosophy of Social Darwinism?
ANSWERANSWER
Support: Carnegie well-suited to his society; caused his success
Counter: advantages beyond Carnegie’s personal qualities
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ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
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3Big Business and Labor
4. If the government had supported unions instead of management in the late 19th century, how might the lives of workers have been different?
ANSWERANSWER
Labor relations more peaceful; larger unions; higher wages; safer working conditions; lower profits
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ASSESSMENT
End of Section 3
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