13 geomodeling: a team effort to better understand our ... files/pdfs/documents...stage frac...

$: 13 Geomodeling: A Team Effort To Better Understand Our ... files/pdfs/documents...stage frac completions. In some cases water availability and disposal are a limiting factor on development$
$4.00FEBRUARY 2016VOLUME 43, ISSUE 02Canadian Publication Mail Contract – 40070050

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13 Geomodeling: A Team Effort To Better Understand Our Reservoirs Part 8: Reserves Engineers and Geomodeling

18 International Core Conference Redefining Reservoir: Core Values

20 Record Attendance at CSPG Honorary Address 2015: ‘Exploring Mars’

21 2015 Tracks Awards

CSPG OFFICE

#110, 333 – 5th Avenue SW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3B6 Tel: 403-264-5610 Web: www.cspg.orgPlease visit our website for all tickets sales and event/course registrations Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:00am to 4:30pm The CSPG Office is Closed the 1st and 3rd Friday of every month.

OFFICE CONTACTSMembership Inquiries Tel: 403-264-5610 Email: [email protected]

Technical/Educational Events: Biljana Popovic Tel: 403-513-1225 Email: [email protected]

Advertising Inquiries: Kristy Casebeer Tel: 403-513-1233 Email: [email protected]

Sponsorship Opportunities: Lis Bjeld Tel: 403-513-1235 Email: [email protected]

Conference Inquiries: Candace Jones Tel: 403-513-1227 Email: [email protected]

CSPG Foundation: Kasandra AmaroTel: 403-513-1234 Email: [email protected] Inquiries: Eric Tang Tel: 403-513-1232 Email: [email protected]

Executive Director: Lis Bjeld Tel: 403-513-1235, Email: [email protected]

EDITORS/AUTHORSPlease submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office. Submission deadline is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue date. (e.g., January 23 for the March issue).To publish an article, the CSPG requires digital copies of the document. Text should be in Microsoft Word format and illustrations should be in TIFF format at 300 dpi., at final size.

CSPG COORDINATING EDITORKristy Casebeer, Programs Coordinator, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Tel: 403-513-1233, [email protected] RESERVOIR is published 11 times per year by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. This includes a combined issue for the months of July and August. The purpose of the RESERVOIR is to publicize the Society’s many activities and to promote the geosciences. We look for both technical and non-technical material to publish.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the consent of the publisher. Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available at the CSPG office.

No official endorsement or sponsorship by the CSPG is implied for any advertisement, insert, or article that appears in the Reservoir unless otherwise noted. All submitted materials are reviewed by the editor. We reserve the right to edit all submissions, including letters to the Editor. Submissions must include your name, address, and membership number (if applicable).The material contained in this publication is intended for informational use only.

While reasonable care has been taken, authors and the CSPG make no guarantees that any of the equations, schematics, or devices discussed will perform as expected or that they will give the desired results. Some information contained herein may be inaccurate or may vary from standard measurements. The CSPG expressly disclaims any and all liability for the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user of information contained in this publication. Under no circumstances shall the CSPG and its officers, directors, employees, and agents be liable for any injury, loss, damage, or expense arising in any manner whatsoever from the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user.

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FRONT COVER

(Wula Pass Lookout,) Mt. Qomolangma National Park, Tibet, China Mt. Everest at sunrise. This photo was taken 60Km away from the massif. Mt. Qomolangma (8844.43m), more familiarly known as Mt. Everest, is masterpiece of young and currently active Himalayan Orogeny which started 50 Ma. years ago when Indo plate collided with Eurasian Plate. Horizontal shortening, Crustal thickening and regional metamorphism in the Himalaya and beneath southern Tibet is the result of this lithospheric convergence. Lhotse (the tall one behind Mt. Everest) is the fourth highest mountain (8516m) on Earth and is connected to Everest via the South Col. Jia Zekai - [email protected]

FEBRUARY 2016 – VOLUME 43, ISSUE 02

ARTICLES

Geomodeling: A Team Effort To Better Understand Our Reservoirs Part 8: Reserves Engineers and Geomodeling .................................................................. 13

International Core Conference Redefining Reservoir: Core Values ................................. 18

Record Attendance at CSPG Honorary Address 2015: ‘Exploring Mars’ ......................... 20

2015 Tracks Awards .................................................................................................................... 21

DEPARTMENTS

Message from the Board ............................................................................................................ 5

Technical Luncheons ................................................................................................................... 8

Division Talks ............................................................................................................................... 10

Rock Shop ....................................................................................................................................17

Photo of the Month ...................................................................................................................24

RESERVOIR ISSUE 02 • FEBRUARY 2016 3

Submit your hike to be featured in the “GO TAKE A HIKE” SERIES

Before writing an article please contact the series coordinator

via email at [email protected]. He can provide a template document and confirm that a

particular hike has not been submitted before.

Submission guidelines: Preferred format is powerpoint, 2-3 pages in length, include map,

hike directions, annotated photos, Geological description and references. While hikes focus on western Canada, hikes in other

parts of the world are welcome.

It’s Tax Season!

Printing your official tax receipt/membership card for 2015 and previous years is easy!

1. Sign in to the CSPG website (www.cspg.org) 2. Click My Account at the top of the screen 3. Click Membership Card on the blue menu bar 4. Click the red Membership Card button

5. Click the Print Card/Receipt link for the year you would like to print the receipt 6. A new window will pop up with the receipt 7. Click the Adobe icon in the top left-hand corner to export as a PDF file for printing

CSPG BOARD

PRESIDENTGreg Lynch • Shell Canada Ltd. [email protected] Tel: 403.384.7704

PRESIDENT ELECTMark Cooper • Sherwood Geoconsulting Ltd. [email protected]

PAST PRESIDENTTony [email protected]

FINANCE DIRECTORScott Leroux • Long Run [email protected] Tel: 403.766.5862

FINANCE DIRECTOR ELECTShelley Leggitt • NAL Resources Ltd. [email protected]

DIRECTORMark [email protected]

DIRECTORJen Russel-Houston • Osum Oil Sands [email protected] Tel: 403.270.4768

DIRECTOREric Street • Jupiter [email protected] Tel: 587.747.2631

DIRECTORJohn Cody • Statoil Canada [email protected]

DIRECTORRyan Lemiski • Nexen [email protected]

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORLis Bjeld • [email protected] Tel: 403.513.1235

Correction: The January Reservoir incorrectly listed 2016 Director Mark Caplan as Mark Cooper. We apologize for this error.

Message from the BoardA message from Greg Lynch, CSPG President

Diversifying Our Program, and Moving with the Times

For 2016 we are taking steps to diversify our program by introducing a renewed Hydrogeology Division, and also by organizing two separate workshops on emerging green technologies which relate to our business, namely: carbon capture and storage, and geothermal energy. We have also introduced a new mentorship program. Also noteworthy is that the date for GeoConvention has been moved up to 7-11 March for this year, and Calgary is host to AAPG’s ACE meeting 19-22 June in conjunction with CSPG’s International Core Conference 23-24 June.

Water has long been a key consideration of oil and gas exploration and development. In past decades emphasis was placed on hydrodynamics for the purposes of exploration in order to better understand regional aquifers and how they drive migration and trapping of conventional oil and gas pools. Today however, the emphasis is more on water as a renewable resource; finding appropriate water sources and means of properly disposing of produced water are a challenge in many regions. In fact water use across much of the WCSB is rapidly escalating, with the increased use due in large part to the emergence of various new technologies which are water intensive. For instance large scale water use is front and centre in relation to steam injection operations, thermal recovery and bitumen processing, waterflood recovery enhancement, and multi-stage frac completions. In some cases water availability and disposal are a limiting factor on development. On the flip side securing sub-surface disposal zones for produced or flow-back water is equally important, as well as in some cases is minesite water management, and tailings pond design. Different factors also need to be considered for the varying realms including deep saline, non-saline groundwater, and surface waters, with the later two categories being accessed by agriculture and

municipalities among others. As a consequence geologists are spending more and more time on water resource assessment. In research presented by Masaki Hayashi (Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary) at the inaugural CSPG Hydrogeology Division noon-time talk on January 20th, it was found that in the case of prairie groundwater the balance between rates of groundwater extraction and replenishment (i.e. recharge) need to be considered in the context of the hydrologic cycle, as the foundation of sustainable groundwater management. Correspondingly to help CSPG members better deal with such challenges and get up to speed on the science, the new CSPG Hydrogeology Division was launched at a Technical Luncheon talk on November 4th given by Brad Hayes and Jamie Wills (check out their online webcast or online abstract if you couldn’t make it), with Jamie now assuming the position as Chair. The Division currently meets for lunch-time talks at IHS Sunlife Plaza, so if you are a specialized hydrogeologist with expertise in this area, or new to the topic and looking to learn more, then come on out to upcoming meetings, because one thing for sure is that water is in your future.

Canada is the World leader in carbon capture and storage (CCS), with Cenovus Energy Inc.’s CCS Weyburn-Midale Saskatchewan project now being the largest since the project began in 2000, and recently with the ambitious Quest project (a consortium led by Royal Dutch Shell PLC, with partners Chevron Corp. and Marathon Oil Corp., as well as financial support from the Alberta and Federal governments) coming online north of Edmonton. These two examples are highly integrated and innovative projects, where for instance CO2 injection at Weyburn-Midale serves the dual purpose of CCS as well as enhancing secondary oil recovery from an aging field; Quest on the other hand is the first

(... Continued on page 7)


Did you know there is over $26,000 available in CSPG awards and scholarships?!

STUDENTS!

Scholarship/Award Amount available Application Deadline

Student Event Grants 5 x $1000 March 16, 2016

Graduate Master’s Thesis Award $4000 September 15, 2016

Graduate Doctoral Thesis Award $5000 September 15, 2016

Andrew Baillie Award 2 x $2000 GeoConvention 2016

6 RESERVOIR ISSUE 02 • FEBRUARY 2016

CORPORATE SPONSORS

SAMARIUMCSPG FoundationgeoLOGIC systems ltd.

DIAMONDAGAT Laboratories

TITANIUMAERTourmaline Oil Corp.

PLATINUMWeatherford Canada PartnershipAPEGALoring Tarcore Labs Ltd.Cenovus Energy

GOLDProgress Energy Ltd.

SILVERSeitel Canada Ltd.Enerplus CorporationNexen ULCChinook ConsultingMEG Energy Corp.

BRONZERepsol Oil & Gas Canada Inc.Long Run ExplorationCrescent Point Energy TrustExxonmobil Exploration Co. Ltd.Pro Geo ConsultantsBelloy Petroleum ConsultingIHS Global Canada LimitedParadigm Geosciences Ltd.CSEG FoundationMJ SystemsCore LaboratoriesGLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd.

As of December 22, 2015 A Special Thanks to geoLOGIC systems ltd.

Canadian oil sands carbon-capture project, and is tied directly to the Scotford upgrader, cutting the carbon footprint of an unrefined Shell oil sands barrel by 15 per cent, which is very significant. Indeed CCS is thought to be the technology that can most significantly reduce emissions in the shortest period of time for these projects, and with evolving environmental policies, regulation, and carbon tax regime CCS is likely to become even more prominent going forward. CCS is one of the means by which industry can directly address emissions targets with respect to Climate Change policy. As such the CSPG is planning it’s first CCS workshop for the fall of 2016. Details and scope of the meeting are now being finalized and will be available in the spring.

Delving into geothermal and considering CSPG’s potential role here, I get a range of responses from encouragement to mild skepticism, as you might guess. But a considerable amount of research has been conducted in Canada on this topic, and although it is certainly early days with regards to implementation, geothermal has been proven to be viable elsewhere. Furthermore, using analogies from the hydrocarbon business, many sectors started with uncertainty before eventually achieving what was initially unthinkable: for instance deep water drilling is now setting new records operating in water depths of over 3 km; or in the beginning it was deemed that the oil sands would never be economic; and only a short decade ago, before unconventionals passed the tipping point, world “peak oil” had been pegged by some to happen around Y2K – the point being that innovation can generate surprising and unexpected results, and persistence does pay off. Recently, in 2014, the CSPG hosted a modest one day workshop on geothermal energy potential in Canada. We are now planning to have a second such workshop in the fall of 2016 to build on this initiative and help steer future research. To a large degree the skillset of a typical CSPG member is directly relevant to this discipline and as “Canada’s Energy Geoscientists” it fits our mandate to be proactively involved. Details of the meeting will appear later in the year.

Speaking of moving with the times, our younger demographic now approximates parity in its distribution of males and females, in what, as with many professions, has in the past always been male dominated. Also, Member Services has now implemented a new mentorship program which we refer to as “GeoMatch” and includes the following categories for both

mentors and mentees: Young Professionals, In-Transition, New to Canada and GeoWomen. Maybe there is something there for you? Registration can be made on the website under the GeoCommunity tab or by contacting the office.

Just a reminder GeoConvention comes early this year, running from 7-11 March (http://geoconvention.com/). A first-rate program has been put together that truly digs deeper into Canadian Paleozoic geology than any other options out there, is fully integrated, and addresses plays that you look at every day on your workstation – not to be missed. We are also very fortunate this year to have AAPG’s Annual Convention & Exhibit arrive in Calgary. This is big news and provides locals with a unique opportunity to attend one of the world’s preeminent global geoscience conferences, running from 19-22 June (http://ace.aapg.org/2016). Rounding-out the week at ACE on the Thursday-Friday is the CSPG International Core Conference, in it’s regular slot. This has always been a very popular and well attended event, and for this year there will be added interest because of core brought in from the four corners of Globe, thanks to the efforts of Core Conference Co-Chairs Jim Barclay and Ray Geuder.

From an interview done back in October 2001 that I extracted from the Glenbow online archives (www.glenbow.org), CSPG chronicler David Finch asks Past-President and hydrogeology pioneer W.C. Gussow in closing “Do you remember anything else about the ASPG (Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists) during the 50’s and 60’s?” to which W.C Gussow responds “ All I can remember is, it was a wonderful scientific Society and it was devoted to the improvement of knowledge of our geological science. There were geologists from all the other companies that came together to discuss problems. They didn’t jeopardize their connections with their companies, they improved the situation if anything, for people in different companies. I think that the Alberta Society did a great deal to help the knowledge of the geology for the Calgary area”. What a wonderful quote and retrospective of the Society from one of our eminent petroleum geologists, from the days before the ASPG became the CSPG, in a comment which largely encapsulates our current Mission Statement. It’s what we are all about, good science and community, so let’s pick up where Gussow left off and keep the tradition alive, while moving with the times and staying relevant.

(... Continued from page 5)


SPE-CSPG Joint Luncheon: Advances in Multivariate Property Modeling and Applications to Uncertainty in Reservoir ForecastingSPEAKERDr. Clayton DeutschUniversity of Alberta, the School of Mining & Petroleum Engineering

11:30 am Tuesday, February 09, 2016 Calgary Petroleum Club, Devonian Room Calgary, Alberta

Please note: The cut-off date for ticket sales is 4:00 pm, Friday, February 5th, 2016 CSPG Member Ticket Price: $45.00 + GST.

Tickets may be purchased online at https://specalgary.com

ABSTRACTGeostatistical reservoir modeling has advanced in recent years. Some of the most notable advances have been in multivariate modeling, for example, simultaneous numerical modeling of the volume fraction of shale, total porosity, effective porosity, horizontal permeability, vertical permeability, residual water saturation and so on. Characterizing the uncertainty of these variables is relatively straightforward with the latest techniques. Complex relationships such as that shown to the below can be accommodated. Techniques will be reviewed.

There have also been significant advances in the use of multiple realizations in reservoir forecasting. The paradigm of a single best or P50 model is being eroded and replaced with the more correct paradigm of managing multiple realizations simultaneously. Example applications will be shown.

BIOGRAPHYDr. Deutsch is a Professor in the School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Alberta. He received PhD and MSc degrees in Geostatistics from Stanford. He leads the Centre for Computational Geostatistics (CCG) where he teaches and conducts research into better ways to model heterogeneity and uncertainty in petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits. Dr. Deutsch has published eight books and

over 300 research papers. Dr. Deutsch holds the Alberta Chamber of Resources Industry Chair in Mining Engineering and the Canada Research Chair in Natural Resources Uncertainty Characterization.

For more information, please contact;Doug Schmaltz – 403.671.4631 or [email protected]

Randy Smith – 403.968.9222 or [email protected]


TECHNICAL LUNCHEONS FEBRUARY LUNCHEON

201 Barclay Parade SW, Calgary

The CSPG Geomodeling Technical Division

On Wednesday February 3rd at 4:30pm

Networking | Light Appetizers | No cover charge

go to www.cspg.org for more information

www.geoconvention.com

GeoConvention 2016

With low commodity prices and an ever -changing economic and business

environment, it is imperative that the industry optimize the way in which it

operates. Whether enhancing recovery methods, finding the optimal path for a horizontal well or maximizing the return

of capital employed, Optimizing Resources, the theme for GeoConvention

2016, is key to success.

Please join us and contribute as speaker, exhibitor or sponsor

In recognizing the business environment which we are operating in, GeoConvention is pleased to offer heavily discounted delegate rates for the 2016 program. New for our 2016 program, in addition to the technical program and exhibit floor at the Convention Centre, we will be hosting an offsite component, including panel discussions, workshops and a mini core conference at the Lake Louise Inn – check out www.geoconvention.com for details.

REGISTRATION NOW OPEN

MARK YOUR CALENDAR GeoConvention 2016 is March 7 – 11


Upper Cretaceous to Cenozoic reactivation of pre-existing salt bodies and its impact on slope depositional systems in the southwest Sable Subbasin, offshore Nova ScotiaSPEAKERAndrea Christians Dalhousie University

CO-AUTHORSDeptuck, M.Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum BoardMacRae, R.A.Saint Mary’s University)

12:00 noon - February 4th, 2016 Schlumberger, Second Floor of the Palliser One Building, 125 9th Ave. Calgary T2G 0P6

ABSTRACTDespite the implications for the distribution and integrity of potential hydrocarbon traps, the history of younger (Late Cretaceous to present) salt-related deformation is largely unknown on the Scotian Margin. This study investigates the style and timing of Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic salt tectonic rejuvenation on the upper Scotian Slope and related impacts on down-slope (turbidite, mass failure) and cross-slope (contourite) depositional systems. The study area overlaps a boundary between a vertical salt diapir structural province in the west and an allochthonous tongue province in the east. Using two 3D seismic surveys covering an area of 5300km2, nine horizons were mapped and calibrated to wells in order to establish a seismic stratigraphic framework. The presence of radial crestal faults, pinched-off stems, folded thick cover strata above salt crests, and associated stratal thinning onto folds are diagnostic of salt tectonic rejuvenation. The timing of rejuvenation is deduced from onlap patterns, thickness variations above fold crests, fault timing and the response of depositional systems (e.g., diversion of mass transport deposits around salt-cored folds). Results revealed that salt bodies were passively extruded between the Cenomanian/Turonian (Late Cretaceous) and Ypresian (Early Eocene) followed by a

period of drape between the Ypresian (Early Eocene) and Rupelian (Early Oligocene). The timing of compression was different between the two provinces. In the vertical salt diapir province, compression began in the Bartonian (Late Eocene) and in the allochthonous tongue province it began in the Rupelian (Early Oligocene). The possible causes for rejuvenation include the upslope deposition of contourites (Oligocene-Miocene), post-Paleocene thermal uplift and/or a localized linked system (upslope extension complemented by downslope compression). At some point between the Pliocene and today, compression rates waned and a period of slope regrading took place, planing off the slope. This was then draped by series of MTDs followed by canyon erosion to yield the modern day seafloor.

BIOGRAPHYAndrea is a recent graduate with a background in marine seismic interpretation. She earned her MSc degree from Dalhousie University in Halifax, working conjointly with the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board. She is also the recipient of the 2013 Pengrowth Innovation Grant. Her BSc (Hons) was undertaken at Saint Mary`s University where she studied tunnel valley structures on the Scotian Shelf, publishing a CJES paper on her findings in 2013.

DIVISION TALKS STRUCTURAL DIVISION Sponsored by

Fractures, Lagoons and Braidplains - The geology and petroleum reservoirs of the Sirt Basin, LibyaSPEAKERHenry WilliamsSuncor Energy

12:00 Noon February 10th, 2016 Nexen Annex Theatre

ABSTRACTSuncor holds both production and exploration interests within the Sirt Basin of

Libya. These include a number of mid-size to giant oil fields with reservoirs ranging from fractured (Paleozoic) metasediments through Mesozoic clastic rocks to Eocene carbonates. Each of these brings its own challenges and rewards, requiring integration of diverse data from tectonic evolution through to core analysis. As an added bonus, Libya includes both spectacular scenery and a wealth of historic remains dating from pre-Roman times through to the present.

BIOGRAPHY Henry Williams completed a BSc (Geological Sciences) at the University of Birmingham before completing a PhD at the University of Glasgow on Ordovician-Silurian boundary graptolites. After three years of postdoctoral fellowships at the University of Oslo and Memorial University, St. John’s he obtained a faculty position with Memorial University. In 2000, having satiated his thirst for graptolites and Ordovician stratigraphy,

he underwent a mid-life metamorphosis and joined Petro-Canada in Calgary. After drilling over 50 wells in Mississippian to Cretaceous clastics and carbonates in west-central Alberta and the foothills, he spent two years in Libya involved in both exploration drilling and development. He continued this work following the team’s move to Calgary in 2011, within both technical and team-lead roles, before transferring into Suncor’s New Ventures group in 2014.

DIVISION TALKS INTERNATIONAL DIVISION Sponsored by


A previously unknown partial crocodylomorph skull from the Isle of Wight, England

SPEAKERMichela M. JohnsonUniversity of Southampton

7:30 PM Friday, February 19th, 2016 Mount Royal University, Room B108

ABSTRACTThe Isle of Wight (a well-known island within the UK) yields an abundance of unique fossilized remains, including dinosaurs, mammals, and reptiles. Crocodylomorpha (modern crocodylians and their past

relatives) fossils are abundant on the Isle of Wight and many taxa have been discovered. Here a previously unknown specimen of a crocodylomorph skull, from the Sandown Bay Academy, is examined. The exact location and collector of the specimen is unknown, but we agree that it must have been collected during the 1800s. We created a computed tomography (CT) model of the specimen, compared it with specimens from multiple museums, and used phylogenetic analyses to place it within Crocodylomorpha. At first we believed it to belong with goniopholids (common group of fossil crocs), but we currently believe it to be a pholidosaurid (group of long-snouted crocs), either Terminonaris, Teleorhinus, or a possible new taxa.

BIOGRAPHYAfter receiving a BSci with Specialization in Paleontology at the University of Alberta, Michela set sights on the United Kingdom. There her previous fascination with fossil crocodiles

flourished, and she worked on multiple croc-related projects. She completed her Masters of Research in Vertebrate Palaeontology with Distinction at the University of Southampton under her supervisor, Dr. Gareth Dyke, in 2014. Michela plans on a 2016 PhD start back in Southampton focussing on a specific group of crocodylomorphs called teleosaurids, and is currently working on her research.

INFORMATIONThis event is presented jointly by the Alberta Palaeontological Society, the Earth Science Department at Mount Royal University, and the Palaeontology Division of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. For details or to present a talk in the future, please contact CSPG Palaeontology Division Chair Jon Noad at [email protected] or APS Coordinator Harold Whittaker at 403-286-0349 or contact [email protected]. Visit the APS website for confirmation of event times and upcoming speakers: http://www.albertapaleo.org/

DIVISION TALKS PALAEONTOLOGY DIVISION Sponsored by

Geothermal Energy Potential of Canada SPEAKERSteven Grasby

12:00 Noon Wednesday February 10th, 2016 Centennial West Tower, 3rd Floor Conference Centre, Bow River Room 250-5th street SW, Calgary

ABSTRACTCanada has enormous geothermal resources. Many challenges faced to successfully develop this clean energy resource will require the same geoscience skills and technology developed by the petroleum industry. This presentation will examine the basics of geothermal energy and examine the nature and distribution of resources in Canada.

BIOGRAPHYDr. Stephen Grasby graduated with a Ph.D. in geochemistry from the university

of Calgary in 1997. Since then he has worked at the Geological Survey of Canada, conducting extensive research on geothermal systems, culminating in a major report on Canada’s geothermal resource potential. Part of his work has focused on thermals springs in Canada, visiting over 60 remote sites across the country and also discovery of the northern most perennial spring in the world, and one of the highest heat flow springs in North America, on northern Ellesmere Island. In recognition of his research he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012.

DIVISION TALKS ENVIRONMENT DIVISION Sponsored by


Automating Petrographic Analysis: Challenges and Potential SolutionsSPEAKERDr. Bernard LeeRock Metrics Americas

12:00 noon Thursday February 25, 2016 ConocoPhillips Auditorium, Gulf Canada Square, 401 - 9th Ave. S.W. Calgary, AB

ABSTRACTHigh resolution microscopic scanning of whole thin sections has been possible for some time. The portability of these images has been significantly improved by using new compression techniques allowing for easy zooming, panning, storage and sharing. The work can then be done, away from the microscope, by various geologists, petrographers or paleontologists. Such images have been in demand for data exchange and archival purposes in the petroleum industry. The next step in the development of this technology is to analyze the images and automate the extraction of petrographic data. This can potentially increase the reliability of the data by basing it on a greater number of automated measurements. Present images

available for analysis are derived from plain light, x-nicols, uv and reflected light.

The use of colored resin “epoxy” impregnated into rocks under vacuum prior to thin section making provides a consistent color for the vacant spaces within sandstones. Simple automated measurements of the color of the surface of the thin section provide a method for determining visual porosity. Problems remain with some micro porosity not receiving stain because of a combination of too small a pore throat and the surface tension of the resin used. Experiments have also revealed that the color from the resin is absorbed into some minerals. These automated measurements need to be compared to porosity derived from standardized methods. If a consistent relationship can be established this method could provide a rapid cost effective alternative to other methods.

Grain size and shape is another area of petrographic analysis that may be automated. The measurement of a sufficient number of grains is a tedious manual task. Computers undertake such tasks easily and can be programmed to measure the longest dimension of grains automatically. Large data sets will provide a better measurement of the evenness of the grain size distribution. Once grain shapes have been defined computers can also quantify the maturity of the sand through their analysis.

Technology developed for thin sections, such as automatic stitching of images associated and compression algorithms, can be applied to core photography. Modern cameras combined with

these technologies are capable of achieving a resolution of 15 microns/pixel, with the resultant computer file sizes still possible to open on PCs or laptops. The combination of thin section and core images in a single computer display makes a powerful tool for maximizing our understanding of geological sequences and processes.

BIOGRAPHYDr. Lee was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Texas in cell biology. After graduation Dr. Lee worked for the Carl Zeiss company as an imaging specialist, solving problems for researchers in the bio-medical and geological fields. In 2006, he founded the company Innova Plex which develops and markets devices for the bio-medical and petroleum industries. He developed computer software that allows large microscopically scanned images to be compressed and viewed with standard PCs. He has also developed automated scanners for thin sections and cores. He has several patents pending on these inventions. In 2014 he founded Rock Metrics plc. and in 2015 Rock Metrics Americas LLC. to market thin section and core image services worldwide..

INFORMATIONBASS Division talks are free. Please bring your lunch. For further information about the Division, joining our mailing list, a list of upcoming talks, or if you wish to present a talk or lead a field trip, please contact either Steve Donaldson at 403-808-8641 or Mark Caplan at 403-975-7701, and visit our web page on the CSPG website at http://www.cspg.org.


DIVISION TALKS BASS DIVISION Sponsored by

GEOMODELING: A TEAM EFFORT TO BETTER UNDERSTAND OUR RESERVOIRSPart 8: Reserves Engineers and Geomodeling| By Thomas Jerome, RPS and Don Mikalson, Painted Pony Petroleum Ltd.

INTRODUCTION

Computing volumes of hydrocarbons in the reservoirs is an essential task of any asset team. Nowadays, many companies are using geomodels to do these evaluations. After all, considering a geomodel is meant to capture all our data, our knowledge and our assumptions about our reservoirs, it’s natural to use it for volume computations. After flow simulation, covered in the previous part of this series, running volumetrics is another important way in which engineers are using geomodels.

The first section introduces the volumetric equation.

The industry didn’t wait for geomodels to come along to develop workflows to compute volumes. As such, the arrival of geomodeling might require an asset team to adjust their current volumetric workflow. This is the topic of the second section.

Net-to-gross is an important parameter in volume computations. How should we take it into our geomodeling workflow? Should we model net-to-gross with geostatistical tools? Does it make more sense to recompute the net-to-gross in each cell by applying the cut-offs defining it in the first place? These different questions will be answered in the third section.

A key goal of geomodels is to capture our level of uncertainty about the reservoir characteristics. Several important sources of uncertainty were introduced in the previous papers of this series, as well as how they can be taken into account in the geomodel. These different uncertainties must be considered when running volumetics. The last section of the present paper will summarize them.

Taking into account uncertainties will lead to generating a range of volumes instead of a single, deterministic volume. While more and more companies are now used to this probabilistic approach, many others are still not. Geomodelers might face opposition in implementing the full workflow suggested in

this paper. But we think it is at least worth it to have a discussion with your team about it. Hear what the resistance are about and adapt your workflow accordingly.

To simplify the wording, this paper focuses on oil reservoirs but everything described applies to gas and to oil and gas reservoirs. Also, the focus is on reservoir condition oil-in-place. Lastly, no distinction is made between reserves and resources.

VOLUMETIC EQUATION

At first approximation, computing volumes mean solving the following equation:

HCPV = BRV * NTG * PORO * So

HCPV is the Hydrocarbon Pore Volume in reservoir conditions. This is the volume we are after.

BRV is the Bulk Rock Volume. It represents the whole volume of the geological layer being the reservoir. The BRV is delimited by a top and a bottom horizon as well as potentially by fault laterally.

NTG is the Net-To-Gross. It is the fraction of the BRV in which oil is found. The NTG factor allows removing the fraction of the BRV which is full of water (in case a water zone exists) as well as the volumes populated with non-reservoir rocks (like shales above the water zone in a conventional clastic reservoir). Depending on the work at hand, the NTG can sometimes also exclude the portion of the reservoir rocks with too low porosity and/or too low oil saturation.

PORO is the average Porosity within the part of BRV full of oil.

So is the average oil saturation within the part of the BRV full of oil.

None of the input parameters are known for certain. The limited data we have about our reservoir only gives us an approximation of them. As a result, it is unwise to compute

only a single, deterministic HCPV value. It is recommended to compute a range of volumes which reflect the range of possible values taken by each of the input parameters of the equation

Further, it is also important to note that the equation takes average porosity and So values as input. This point will be expanded upon, later in the next section.

ADDING GEOMODELING TO VOLUMETRIC WORKFLOWS

The traditional volumetric workflow doesn’t involve geomodeling (Figure 1).

Contour maps representing the top horizon, the bottom horizon as well as the faults (if any) are built from the well markers and the seismic interpretation. These maps allow evaluating the bulk rock volume (BRV). The other input parameters are first evaluated on a per well basis, knowing the porosity and So logs as well as the facies description and the elevation of the oil-water contact, if any. NTG is the first parameter being evaluated. Different practitioners follow different approaches; however, we will focus on one hereafter.

In our example, the pay zone is defined as all the sand above the oil-water contact and the net-to-gross is defined as the ratio between the thickness of the pay zone and the total thickness of the geological unit. The average porosity and So values for this well are then computed by arithmetic average from the log values within the pay zone.

At that point, uncertainties are taken into account. Most often, a single set of contour maps exist and only a single BRV can be computed. This is the base-case BRV to which a range of uncertainty is added (for example, +/-5% around the base-case value).

In the meantime, a distribution of average porosity values for the equation is defined from the average porosity values computed

(... Continued on page 14)


at all of the wells. The same is done for the average So and for the net-to-gross.

Lastly, Monte-Carlo sampling techniques are used to run the volumetric equations thousands of times; each run using a set of values BRV, NTG, PORO and So extracted from the respective distributions. The result is a distribution of volumes which give us the range of possible HCPV values based on the input uncertainties.

The use of geomodeling changes the volumetric workflows, even if the general philosophy remains the same (Figure 2).

All the data and the geological knowledge we have are now integrated into a geomodel. At this point uncertainty is not taken into account as a range of values for the BRV, the NTG, the average porosity and the average So. Instead, multiple possible distributions of the facies and the porosity and So logs are built using geostatistical techniques. Then the volume for each realization is computed and together they make the distribution of possible HCPV.

Computing the volume for each realization means computing the volume of oil inside each cell of the 3D grid and then summing up these incremental volumes to get the HCPV volume for the whole 3D grid for the whole reservoir. This illustrates the fundamental difference between the traditional volumetric workflow and the more modern workflow based on geomodeling.

In all cases, the input data are the same: well logs, geophysical data and our overall understanding of the reservoir. On one hand, in the traditional approach, the detailed variation of the logs along the wells is quickly embedded (hidden) inside average values for each well. On other hand, with geomodeling, the detailed well data are used to build a detailed representation of the complex, heterogeneous 3D characteristics of the reservoir.

In a complex reservoir, the traditional approach might have difficulties to properly assess the impact of the 3D heterogeneity of the reservoir on the volume computations. In such cases, building a geomodel is the safest way to go. In simple, homogeneous reservoirs the two approaches will give a similar range of volumes. But considering that building a geomodel for a homogeneous reservoir is a simple, fast task nowadays, it might as well be safer to simply build one


Figure 1. Traditional volumetric workflow.


for a homogeneous reservoir too instead of relying on the traditional approach.

SHALL WE MODEL THE NET-TO-GROSS?

To some extent, in the general volumetric equation, the net-to-gross is mathematical trick used to ignore the portion of the bulk rock volume which is not in the pay zone; either because it is in the water zone or because it is made of non-reservoir facies. While porosity and So are properties we can observe or measure along the well, the net-to-gross can’t. It is really an intellectual construct.

With this in mind, shall we model the net-to-gross in our geomodeling workflows with geostatistical techniques, the same way we do it for facies, porosity or So? Mathematically-speaking, we could, and sometimes indeed we should. But a lot of thought must be applied to understand what this NTG 3D property is going to represent in a given reservoir.

Net-to-gross can be expressed as a binary log along each well. For all the measured depths belonging to the pay zone, the net-to-gross log takes the values 1, otherwise 0. Computing the net-to-gross for the whole well, as defined in the traditional volumetric workflow, can then be done simply by counting the number of “1” values along the log, multiplied by the MD resolution of the net-to-gross log.

All the geostatistical techniques used to model facies can be used to model any discrete log, like the net-to-gross log. One could apply a geomodeling workflow in which the petrophysical properties would be distributed by net-to-gross values (“0” and “1”) instead of doing by facies.

Is this approach recommended? Modeling net-to-gross can be necessary, on occasion, as explained in the last paragraph of this section, but with a slightly different geomodeling workflow. In most cases though, it is safer to avoid doing this.

The key issue is that the net-to-gross variable is based on several reservoir characteristics which can have independent trends. Once “hidden” within the net-to-gross quantity, it becomes impossible to model these trends properly. The problem might occur even for a simple reservoir.

(... Continued on page 16

Figure 2. Modern volumetric workflow with geomodeling.


Let’s imagine a thick reservoir with no water zone (sealed faults are delimiting the reservoir) and no cut off needed on porosity nor So. Net-to-gross is only defined based on facies: sand is reservoir; shale is not.

Let’s imagine that, in fact, we have two facies sand, one for sand deposited in channels and one for sand deposited in sand bars. These two sands will have different spatial distribution because they are from different depositional systems. If we model facies, we have three facies, one shale and two types of sand, and we can apply geostatistical algorithms and parameters specific to each sand. But instead of modeling facies if we are modeling the net-to-gross, then we are losing the information about two depositional systems. It would be impossible to distribute the pay net-to-gross values (“1”) while respecting the geological constraints in the same way we could for the facies.

Things get even more complicated for reservoirs in which the net-to-gross is also based on porosity cut-off. The net-to-gross is now hiding possible different trends for each facies as well as specific porosity trends potentially even specific to each facies (due to vertical compaction or effects like sand grain coarsening or thinning). Add on top of this new net-to-gross cut-offs based on So or even on pay continuity (ex: ignore pay locally if it’s less than X meters thick) and modeling net-to-gross with geostatistical techniques while respecting the real characteristics of the reservoir can get really, really tricky.

For that reason, it is wiser to take the time to model the facies and then the petrophysics by facies. Then, once the 3D model built, one can always apply a formula to compute locally a net-to-gross property from the different petrophysical properties. As with the wells, the net-to-gross is now derived from the rock characteristics; it doesn’t guide how they should be distributed.

As mentioned earlier though, in some cases, a sort of net-to-gross property might be needed too. It can be used to capture heterogeneity which is of smaller resolution than the vertical cell size of the geomodel. In such approach, the net-to-gross won’t take only values “0” and “1”, but any number between 0 and 1.

For example, let’s imagine a thinly laminated sand reservoir in which the succession sand/shale is at the centimeter scale. Ideally, we

would need to model such a reservoir with a 3D grid of vertical sub-centimeter resolution. Mathematically, it would be impossible though: the 3D grid would have hundreds of millions of cells and computations would take forever. We are obliged instead to use a coarser resolution (let say 10cm). If we were to simply to create a facies in the 3D grid with values “sand” and “shale”, we know that we would make a mistake: in fact, each so-called “sand” cell would have a certain percentage of shale in it and each so-called “shale” cell would also have a certain percentage of sand.

A continuous net-to-gross property could help capturing this though and the geomodeling could go as follow:

• No facies modeling

• Compute a continuous net-to-gross property in the cells crossed by the wells. A value of 1 would mean the cell is 100% made of sand while a value of 0 would mean it has no sand in it. Every ratio in-between is possible. Model this continuous net-to-gross property with geostatitics.

• Independently from this, model in 3D the porosity and the So using only the log values from the thin sands as input.

• Compute the volumes per cell and then sum them over the whole 3D grid (same workflow than before).

MAIN SOURCES OF VOLUME UNCERTAINTIES

We have many sources of uncertainties in our reservoirs. A wide spectrum was covered in previous papers of this series, through the angle of how we can integrate them in our geomodeling workflow. The present section is meant as a summary of all of them.

The bulk-rock volume is controlled by the geometry of the top horizon, the bottom horizon and of the faults. As such, uncertainty on these different surfaces is to be considered.

If only wells are available (no seismic), one should consider the uncertainty in the contouring far from the wells, and also the uncertainty in the picks themselves. The former is covered in the part 4 of this series (May 2015 issue of the Reservoir magazine). This is the main source of uncertainty. If contouring was done using geostatistical

techniques, uncertainty in the variograms and the distributions should be considered too (part 3, April 2015 issue). The uncertainty on the picks is usually minimal, but it might still be good to check, just in case.

If a seismic interpretation is available, very likely no contouring will be applied anymore. Instead, we now have to consider the uncertainties linked to the seismic interpretations: the interpretation itself in the time domain and the effect of the time-depth conversion. The former is a geophysical issue, which goes beyond the scope of this series, while the latter is covered in the part 6 of this series (Dec 2015).

In faulted reservoirs, the geometry of the faults is a large source of uncertainty. It might even go as far as questioning the presence, or not, of some of them. In such cases, it might be interesting to build some models without the questionable fault(s) and some with.

If several fluid zones are present, the geometry of the fluid contact surfaces is also source of uncertainty. If all the contacts are only apparent (water-up-to, oil-down-to…), the depth of the contact is only partly known. Beyond this, if the reservoir is compartmented, different contacts might co-exist.

The 3D property models are also a large source of uncertainty. The one most often ignored while it is, in fact, a key factor is the internal geometry of the 3D-grid itself. Building the internal mesh, for example, parallel to the top horizon, or parallel to the base, or parallel to another surface might create some very different property models. It all relates back to uncertainty on the deposition space within each geological unit (covered in part 2, March 2015).

Beyond that, uncertainty in property modeling lies within the choices we make in term of geostatistics (part 3 again, April 2015). What algorithms are we using? What values for the input parameters? Facies proportions are a key controller of the oil volumes in the reservoir. Facies proportions are also an input parameter to many algorithms. It is important to build models based on variations of these proportions. Uncertainties in the variogram shape, size and orientations will mostly lead to uncertainty in the level of connectivity of the reservoir rocks. For the oil sands, for example, this is important as we tend to consider only the volumes of large connected geobodies



(in which we can apply steam-assisted production techniques).

Facies tend to have specific petrophysical ranges of values and these ranges tend to be narrow within each facies. As such, uncertainty in the porosity or the So values tend to be less of an issue. If you have to choose, focus first on characterizing the uncertainty on the facies. But if time allows, look also at the possible uncertainty in the logs themselves (part 5, July/August 2015 issue).

All in all, uncertainties in bulk-rock volumes and in facies (proportions, orientation, but also the geological hypotheses about the depositional environment) tend to be the main ones impacting the range of volumes. However, only a review, with the whole team, will allow confirming it or pinpointing to other more important ones in your specific reservoir.

CONCLUSION

Running volumes on a geomodel is a standard thing to do, even if your team prefers to rely on more old-school traditional methods to book the reserves and resources. At the least, you must make sure that your geomodel doesn’t contradict the volumes officially reported. If it does and if, after review, your geomodel doesn’t seem at fault, then the whole team should take the time to find how to reconcile the different results.

The next paper will focus on production engineering.

TO GO BEYOND

Take the time to check the impact of the geometry of the mesh of your 3D grid on the modeling of the properties. It can be an important source of uncertainty in some reservoirs that is often not considered in modeling projects.

THE AUTHORS

Feel free to contact the author about this paper or about the series.

Thomas Jerome is the Calgary manager of the Geomodeling team in RPS ([email protected]). Geologist by background, Thomas has spent the last 15 years working on geomodeling projects, first in Middle-East and in Calgary, Canada, since 2008. He has worked on conventional and unconventional reservoirs, both Canadian and international. Thomas is leading this CSPG’s series on Geomodeling.

Don Mikalson is P.Eng. Senior Corporate Development Engineer in Painted Pony Petroleum Ltd. Don has 10 years of experience in reservoir engineering and reserve evaluations.


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Rock Shop

Geoscientists: Welcome to the 2016 International Core Conference

Mark your calendars for June 23-24, 2016 for the 2016 International Core Conference affiliated with the upcoming AAPG Annual Convention in Calgary.

This year we have a jumbo-sized slate of 39 core displays that will fill the AER Core Research Centre. We get to see the rocks that form the ground-truth for our work on reservoirs. Cores are the link between linking outcrop, mapping, well logs, seismic and ideas. Hence our core conference theme:

“REDEFINING RESERVOIR: CORE VALUES”.

If you haven’t been to a Core Conference before, you are in for a treat! The CSPG has run core conferences since the 1970s. This event is always the highlight and signature event of CSPG Conventions.

This conference will be held in the world-class AER Core Research Centre that can accommodate over 30 core displays and host 1200 registrants over the two day event. Each display consists of 18 to 50 m (60 to 165 ft) of core laid out on two tables. Posters accompanying the cores summarize the technical aspects of the core and core labels that highlight important features. Core presenters provide scheduled talks summarizing their display. They also stay with their cores to do what we enjoy the most: discuss the rocks, the concepts, the plays and meet with old and new friends.

Befitting an AAPG convention, the displays cover many parts of the globe including four of the largest continents: North and South America, Europe and Asia. Many of course are from Canada and also many from the US.

A variety of technical topics are covered: from chemostratigraphy, geomechanical and petrophysical rock properties, geophysics, sedimentology, stratigraphy and diagenesis to digital modelling of reservoirs. Almost every depositional environment will be covered, except maybe the abyssal plain! There will be something for everyone.

International core displays:• Turkey: slope fan sands• Brazil: Reconcavo Basin turbidites• Germany: Permian Zechstein

shallow carbonate discoveries

US (and Canada) core displays: • the Bakken sandwich of mixed facies:

siltstones, dolostones, shales of North Dakota & Saskatchewan (3 displays)

• Oklahoma Woodford shale (2 displays)• Salina carbonates, Michigan Basin.

Western Canada Basin plays:Closer to home, we have the big names in core Western Canada Basin plays plus new plays and concepts to examine.

Sands & shale basins:• Cretaceous and Jurassic:

• Oil Sands, fluvio-deltaic sands (4 displays)

• Cardium shorefaces (4)• Wilrich fluvial channels (2)• Colorado and Second

White Specks shales (2)• Mannville and upper Jurassic

fluvio-deltaic sands (2) • Viking shorefaces

• Triassic: • Montney, distal shelves (4 displays)• Charlie Lake transgressive

marine units

Carbonate basins• northern British Columbia

and Alberta:• silica and carbonate-rich basinal

facies, Horn River Basin Muskwa & Alberta Basin Duvernay

Figure 1

Figure 2


• Alberta:• Swan Hills and Slave

Point: Devonian reef complexes (2 displays)

• Pekisko: Mississippian basinal and ramp carbonates (northern Alberta)

• Saskatchewan:• Midale: Mississippian tidal to

offshore ramp carbonates and evaporites, Saskatchewan

• Ontario:• Gas & liquid hydrocarbon storage

in Silurian reef carbonates and salts

New plays and concepts:• Alberta carbon capture & storage

projects, (CCS) in Belly River marine sands and Oil Sands (2 displays)

• Steen River Astrobleme “Muskeg Stack” discovery , tidal dolostones and evaporites, northern Alberta

• Digital rock approaches: projecting core data into places or depths where we have no data (Britain)

• 3-D printing of pore networks (US)• New oil resources: residual and

transition zones below O/W contacts: Permian & Williston basins (US)

Don’t forget, we wind up the Core Conference with the famous “Core Meltdown” on Friday June 24th in the afternoon! This year AGAT Laboratories are sponsoring a Western-themed party!

2016 International Core Conference Committee:

Ray Geuder, P.L.(Geol.) Calgary

Dale Leckie, Ph.D., P.Geol. University of Calgary

Kelsea Pedersen, Geologist I.T. ConocoPhillips Canada Ltd., Calgary

Jim E. Barclay, B.Sc, Ph.D. Calgary

Kelty Latos Senior Geologist, ConocoPhillips, Texas

Brent Kuntz, P. Geo. ConocoPhillips Canada Ltd., Calgary

Kara Bennett Houston, Texas

Figure 3,

Figure 4


RECORD ATTENDANCE AT CSPG HONORARY ADDRESS 2015: ‘EXPLORING MARS’| By Keith Millis (HA2015 Chair) & Renu Sahota (Geoscience Communication)

The 2015 CSPG Honorary Address (#HA2015) broke attendance records! With over 800 in ticket sales, Downtown Calgary’s Jack Singer Concert Hall was packed full of Geoscience enthusiasts on Wednesday, Novemeber 18th. CSPG has been holding the Honorary Address annually since the 1960s as a way to share Earth Science passions from the past, present, and future – As well as to honor those who have contributed to our knowledge base. The Honorary Address not only reaches out to youth and post-secondary students, but also attempts to bridge the gap between the Geoscience community and the general public. By partnering with engaging speakers and focusing on visually stimulating presentations, HA2015 was inspiring, educational, and fun. Attendees enjoyed appetizers & cocktails during the string quartet pre-show – Followed by opening speaker, Astrogeologist Don Hladiuk from CBC Radio Eyeopener’s “Eye to the Night Sky”. Don has been with ConocoPhillips for over 22 years and was sure to let Sheldon Cooper from the Big Bang Theory TV sitcom know that “Geology is (indeed) a real Science” during his talk on stars!

The HA2015 keynote speaker, Dr.Matt Golombek, travelled from Pasadena, California’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to speak in Calgary on NASA’s Mars rover explorations. Dr.Golombek was invited to speak on CBC News radio and CJSW Community radio, as Calgary locals raised Mars questions following the release of the movie ‘The Maritan’. Some of the questions raised were “Could there be life on Mars?” – “Are we alone in the Universe?” Audience members sat on the edge of their seats as Dr.Golombek went in-depth into the science of planet Mars and why we on Earth should be interested in a planet that was once perhaps thriving like ours. ‘Aqueous Minerals’ – such as Serpentine were found by Mars rovers sent out by Dr.Golombek. Choosing a landing site for the rover involves both safety and scientific elements he explained, as he congratulated the winners of the ‘Where would you land a Mars rover” competition: Logan Wood (Gr.11 student) and Tony Wain.

The pre-event excitement of HA2015 was capped off with tremendous positive feedback

from attendees. The Honorary Address committee looks forward to bringing even more engaging and exciting opportunities to share our Geoscience passions with one another. We would like to thank our 2015 Honorary Address sponsors – whose

contribution made the event such a success – the CSPG Foundation, CSEG Foundation, APEGA, CMC Research Institutes, Crescent Point Energy, Marriott Calgary Downtown, Surge Energy, Tourmaline Oil Corporation & Valeura Energy.

L-R Matt Golombek, Don Hladiuk and Keith Millis

2015 Honorary Address audience


Tracks Awards are awarded to CSPG members who have made outstanding contributions to the society during the year. They are designed to recognize individuals who have set new standards of excellence within the society; essentially for those who have made “tracks” for others to follow in.

This year’s recipients are Samantha Etherington, Andrew Fox, Ray Geuder and Ian Kirkland.

Samantha Etherington started volunteering for CSPG in 2008 when she joined the Continuing Education committee as Treasurer. After three years she accepted a position on the CSPG Board of Directors as Assistant Finance Director in 2011 and Finance Director the year after. Most recently, Samantha has been active as a Director of the GeoConvention Partnership (2013 to mid-2015).

Samantha graduated with a BSc in geology from the University of Calgary and with an MSc in earth and atmospheric sciences from the University of Alberta. She began her career with Anadarko Canada, later joining Canadian Natural, Barrick Energy and back to Canadian Natural where she works today. She has been an active member of CSPG for over 10 years and has received multiple volunteer and service awards during this time.

Andrew Fox was first introduced to the CSPG and the Oil Patch when he was a participant on the 1984 Student Industry

Field Trip (SIFT). He has a BSc from Laurentian University and MSc from the University of Alberta. Andrew began his career in 1988 as a geologist with Dome Petroleum which merged into Amoco Canada and BP Canada. In 2004 he joined MEG Energy Corp. as the lead geologist with the technical and management teams and is now Senior Advisor Subsurface at MEG.

Andrew has been a CSPG member since 1984. He has volunteered with the SIFT Committee and is currently chairing the Environment Technical Division, K-12 Outreach and the Distinguished Lecturer Program. Andrew served as the CSPG Director of Outreach between 2013 and 2014 and has been a Trustee for the CSPG Foundation since 2013.

Ray Geuder graduated in 1983 and began his career with Canadian Hunter Exploration (CHEL) as a petrographer evaluating reservoir quality via examination of drill cuttings and the calibration of those observations with the petrophysical properties of the rock. In 1996 he broadened his expertise to WCSB Deep Basin prospect generation and the supervision/training of geological wellsite consultants. In 2001, following the takeover of CHEL by Burlington Resources, Ray assumed an active role in the resource assessment of numerous Lower and Upper Cretaceous formations in the greater Deep Basin area and these duties continued after the takeover of Burlington Resources by ConocoPhillips in 2006. In 2010 onward to 2015 his previous experience was utilized in a development/exploration position in the geological asset management of a key strategic play.

Ray first joined the CSPG in 1984 and has been an active member since. He served on the

organizing committee of GeoConvention 2014 and was honored with a CSPG service award for his efforts in co-chairing the 2014 Core Conference and mentoring the 2015 Core conference co-chairs for which he is being awarded this Tracks Award. Ray continues to volunteer for the society and is a co-chair for the ACE 2016 CSPG Core Conference.

Ian Kirkland earned an Honours BSc in geology from Brock University and a BEd and MSc in geology from the University of Calgary. His career began in 1981 and has encompassed highly varied roles including E&P, midstream, independent consulting, labs and service companies. His career started with Petro Canada and has included Talisman Energy, Core Laboratories, GR Petrology Consultants, Hycal Energy Research Laboratories, Search Energy, PanCanadian Petroleum and AEC/EnCana. Ian is currently a senior petroleum geologist and partner with Sproule Associates Limited where he is primarily focused on reserve and resource assessments.

Ian is a member of the CSPG, APEGA, AAPG, SEPM, CWLS and SPE. His CSPG activities have included the transportation committee for the 1987 International Devonian Symposium, session co-chair at the 2013 GeoConvention and twelve years on the Medal of Merit Committee, including ten years as committee chair. Ian has received several volunteer and service awards from the CSPG and in 1994 his MSc thesis on diagenesis of the Kiskatinaw Formation received honorable mention for the CSPG Graduate Thesis Award.

2015 TRACKS AWARDS


CANADIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ACTION

AGAT Laboratories, in collaboration with the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists (CSPG), is offering a two day Core Analysis Workshop. All proceeds from registration go to the CSPG.

Attend this laboratory workshop to learn about the fundamental concepts behind coring methodologies and latest technologies in routine core, special core and oilsands core analysis. Featured lectures also include chemistry innovations related to reservoir management and natural gas formation origin.

This two day workshop includes a combination of lectures and live laboratory demonstrations. Classes are taught by AGAT Laboratories’ Rock Properties Technical Services Team who have over 100 years of combined experience in oil sands and conventional core analysis.

Geological and engineering teams can attend this workshop to learn how core analysis can add insight into exploration programs, enhance recovery and reduce risk. This workshop includes breakfast, lunch and coffee breaks. Transportation from the Learning Auditorium to the laboratory is required. Maximum attendance per workshop is 27 people.

Please email [email protected] for more information.

WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS

▪ Coring methods, recoveries and preservation techniques are reviewed for optimizing sample handling.

▪ Petrophysical measurements for both conventional and unconventional are taught and related to laboratory methodology for a deeper understanding of how the data is calculated.

▪ Learn about advanced innovations in mineralogy and petrography and the benefits of XRD, XRF, QemScan and SEM studies.

▪ Reservoir quality and formation damage issues are explored and how Special Core Analysis (SCAL) studies can offer vital information for decision making.

▪ Featured lectures also include chemistry topics on isotopic finger printing for natural gas formation origin identification, asphaltene chemistry and scaling and water chemistry as it relates to reservoir management.

PLEASE REGISTER ONLINE AT CSPG.ORG

Early Bird CSPG Member Fee (Deadline February 1st, 2016 ): $250 Regular CSPG Member Fee: $300 Regular Non-member Fee: $415 (no Early Bird for non-members)

THE SC IENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OFCORE ANALYSIS WORKSHOPMARCH 16TH AND 17TH, 2016

AGAT LABORATORIES LEARNING AUDITORIUM 2420 42 AVE NE ▪ CALGARY, T2E 7T6

PLEASE REGISTER ONLINE AT CSPG.ORG


T IME CLASS DESCRIPTION

MARCH 16TH, 2016 - DAY 1

8:00 AM – 8:30 AM REGISTRATION AND INTRODUCTIONS

8:30 AM– 9:00 AM Coring Methods, Recover ies and Preser vat ion

Cor ing opt ions such as standard barrels , p last ic s leeves, pressure or sponge cor ing. The role of dr i l l ing f lu ids, preser vat ion and core t ranspor tat ion. When to f reeze, when not to f reeze. Cutt ings and s ide wal l samples.

9:00AM - 9:15 AM BREAK

9:15 AM - 10:15 AM Rout ine Rock Proper t iesConvent ional Petrophysical measurements. Pr incip les of measurements, factors that inf luence measurements and theoret ical considerat ions on Ful l Diameter and Smal l P lug samples. Calculat ions of mean permeabi l i ty and der ivat ion of the l inear f low equat ion.

10:15 AM - 10:30 AM BREAK/TRAVEL TO LABORATORIES

GROUP A TOURS GROUP B TOURS

10:30 AM - 12:00 PMRout ine Core and Oi lsands Laborator y

demonstrat ions on sampl ing, gamma logging, core photography, sample preparat ion.

AGAT Core Enhanced Sof tware (ACES) core depth correct ion l ive demonstrat ion.

12:00 PM– 1:00 PM LUNCH SERVED AND NET WORKING BREAK

1:00 PM - 2:30 PM AGAT Core Enhanced Sof tware (ACES) core depth correct ion l ive demonstrat ion.

Rout ine Core and Oi lsands Laborator y demonstrat ions on sampl ing, gamma logging,

core photography, sample preparat ion.

2:30 PM - 3:00 PM BREAK/TRAVEL TO LEARNING AUDITORIUM

3:00 PM - 3:30 PM Isotopic F inger Pr int ing

Of ten when attempting to determine the source and format ion that natural gas is or ig inat ing f rom i t is d i f f icul t , i f not impossible to do so s imply by the composit ion of the gas alone. In these cases, in -depth interpretat ion of the carbon isotope abundances of the hydrocarbon compounds within the natural gas can be used to correct ly ident i fy and f ingerpr int the format ion of or ig in.

3:30 PM - 4:00 PM Asphaltene Chemistr yAsphaltenes are a problematic group of hydrocarbons that , when not managed, can plug of f product ion. We’ l l d iscuss the proper t ies that make them so problematic and how E&P companies manage these potent ia l issues.

4:00 PM - 4:30 PM Scal ing and Water Chemistr yDownhole water chemistr y and incompat ib le water mixtures can result in the precipi tat ion of inorganic scale which can plug up a reser voir or sur face equipment. We’ l l d iscuss analyt ical methods to predict scal ing tendency, and how this damage mechanism can be control led.

MARCH 17TH, 2016 - DAY 2

8:00 AM – 9:00 AM Mineralogy & Petrography Sample Considerat ions and Preparat ion. Petrography wi l l inc lude Thinsect ion, X- ray Di f f ract ion, XRF, SEM and QemScan. The benef i ts of these tools , when and how to apply them.

9:00 AM - 9:15 AM BREAK

9:15 AM - 10:15 AM Special Core Analys is Laborator y (SCAL)

Electr ical proper t ies, Capi l lar y pressures, Mercur y In ject ion, Wettabi l i ty. Factors that inf luence the measurements and Theoret ical considerat ions. Relat ive Permeabi l i ty, Ef fect ive Permeabi l i ty, E lementar y Water f lood Predict ions, Steamfloods and using laborator y data in Numerical S imulat ions.

10:15 AM - 10:30 AM BREAK/TRAVEL TO LABORATORIES

GROUP A TOURS GROUP B TOURS

10:30 AM - 12:00 PM Reser voir Engineer ing Laborator y demonstrat ions. Geology Laborator y demonstrat ions including XRD, SEM, QEMSCAN

12:00 PM– 1:00 PM LUNCH SERVED AND NET WORKING BREAK

1:00 PM - 2:30 PM Geology Laborator y demonstrat ions including XRD, SEM, QEMSCAN Reser voir Engineer ing Laborator y demonstrat ions.

2:30 PM - 3:00 PM BREAK/TRAVEL TO LEARNING AUDITORIUM

3:00 PM - 4:00 PM Formation Damage Reser voir Qual i ty Issues, Inf luence of Swel l ing Clays, Appl icat ion to Formation Evaluat ion.

4:00 PM - 4:30 PM Closing Remarks and Delegate Review Sur vey

THE SC IENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OFCORE ANALYSIS WORKSHOP

MARCH 16TH - 17TH, 2016 AGAT LABORATORIES LEARNING AUDITORIUM

2420 42 AVE NE ▪ CALGARY, T2E 7T6 REGISTER ONLINE AT CSPG.ORG


PHOTO OF THE MONTHAchillik River in the foreground transects an early tertiary anticline-syncline fold pair, outlined by the Carboniferous Lisburne Group and overlying clastic rocks of the Sadlerochit group, on Leffingwell Ridge, Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), NE Alaska.

Photo by: Larry Lane


Available NOW for 10 dollars! Office: 110-333, 5th Ave SW

Phone: 403.264.5610

Last chance to pick up extra copies of the 2016

GeoCalendar

CORPORATE SUPPORTERS

RIGSAT CommunicationsPason SystemCMC Research Institutes, Inc.Big Guns Energy ServicesCanada Brokerlink Inc.Earth Signal Processing Ltd.ITG Investment ResearchPulse Seismic IncCompass Directional ServicesEV Cam Canada Inc.Lee Energy SystemsRPS Energy Canada Ltd.Birchcliff Energy Ltd.Sproule Associates LimitedWaterline ResourcesCabra Consulting Ltd.McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd.National Oilwell VarcoRoke Technologies Ltd.Signature Seismic Processing Inc.Navigator Resource ConsultingRichardson GMPSurge Energy Inc.Valeura EnergyStatoil CanadaMundiregina Resources CanadaMcleay Geological Consultants Ltd.Enviro-Tech Surveys LtdTucker Energy Services CanadaGaffney, Cline & AssociatesBounty Developments Ltd.Franconia GeoscienceGeoChemTech Inc.Prospect Drivers Inc.

COMPANY PATRONSJourney Energy Inc. Rife Resources Ltd. Harvest Operations Corp.

AS OF DECEMBER 22, 2015

CSPG Online How-To Over the next few issues of The Reservoir we will be running this column to

feature tips on how to get the most out of your online account at www.cspg.org. If you have a suggestion for a topic we should cover please

send an email to [email protected].

My Account Overview

My Account at www.cspg.org is self-serve and there are many things you can do for yourself rather than having to call the office.

To login to your account click the Sign In link at the top of the CSPG homepage (www.cspg.org). If your membership has expired for more than one month you will receive a message to call the office to be reinstated. If you have simply forgotten your password or username you may reset them by clicking the appropriate link underneath the Sign In button. Once you have successfully logged in, click on your name or My Account at the top of the screen.

In My Account you will be able to view your account information (membership number, join date, member type, status and paid through date) as well as your contact information. The Renew Now button enables you to renew your membership easily and below that shows a new feature we have called Alerts. An alert will show if your membership is expiring within 60 days or if an event you have registered for is starting soon. You will also receive alerts if important infor-mation in your profile is missing. At the bottom of the page is a link to make a donation to the CSPG Foundation; you will be redirected to a website called Canada Helps that will process your donation and send you a tax receipt immediately (if you prefer to make a donation directly through CSPG please call the office).

There are two blue menu bars that house other information about your account that may be updated at any time.

If you require any assistance please call the office at 403-264-5610


Wrap Up your Convention week with theWrap Up your Convention week with the International Core Conference International Core Conference

and theand the AGAT Core Meltdown Party!AGAT Core Meltdown Party!

Registration Rates: International Core Conference registration - $260

- June 23-24 | core displays and presentations, breakfast, lunch and 1 Core Meltdown Ticket - Core Meltdown Ticket - $35

- June 24th starts at 2:00pm | includes two drink tickets and appetizers -

For more information and to register today go to www.cspg.org


Attend the World’s Premier Science and Technology Event for Petroleum Geologists - ACE 2016

ACE.AAPG.org

• 300 Technical Presentations • 450 Poster Presentations • International Core Conference• 15 Field Trips • 16 Short Courses

13 geomodeling: a team effort to better understand our ... files/pdfs/documents...stage frac...

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