1/23unece work session on gender statistics. geneva, 12-14 march 2012 value of non-market labour...

1/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012

Value of non-market labour production of Spanish households in 2010 and its

comparison with 2003

Raquel del ValCarlos Angulo

INE (Spain)


- Background

- Value of non-market labour production of

households: basic methodology

- Time spent on labour production

- Which wage?

- Comparison of the values of non-market labour

production of households between 2003 and 2010

- Concluding remarks

Presentation


Background (1)

– Spanish TUS 2002-2003 and 2009-2010– Eurostat Manual on a Satellite Account of

household production– The Spanish satellite account (by Casero &

Angulo)– María Luisa Moltó, Ezequiel Uriel– María Ángeles Durán


Background (2)

Spanish TUS: highlights• Carried out by INE• Follows the guidelines of Eurostat• Population scope: people aged 10 years

and older residing in family dwellings


Background (3)

In the “household questionnaire” a module was introduced about household domestic service in order to find out the number of employees, their working hours and the wages paid to them.

This information was not available in 2003.


Background (4)

In 2003 we used the wages reported in the “individual questionnaire” by the people who

themselves work in domestic service. This information is also available in the 2010 survey.

Problem: People tend to report lower income than actually received. Therefore it is possible

that the 2003 satellite accounts are undervalued.

For the new satellite account we have to decide the source of information that we use and we hope this work will help us to make the right

decision.


Value of the labour production (1)

• Input-based method (time used in household production estimated by time use surveys)

• An appropiate wage to value the time spent on these activities.

TIME X WAGE = Net Added Value of non- market labour production of households


• Principal functions of the non-market productive activities of households

-Housing

-Nutrition

-Clothing

-Care services

-Transport

-Volunteer work



• Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Hours per year in millions

Principal functions Women Men Total

Housing 7,558 3,691 11,249

Nutrition 12,781 5,245 18,025

Clothing 4,461 973 5,434

Care 6,192 4,396 10,588

Transport 3,053 2,339 5,392

Volunteer work 1,461 1,053 2,515

TOTAL 35,506 17,696 53,202



• Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Percentage distribution


Housing 14 7 21

Nutrition 24 10 34Clothing 8 2 10

Care 12 8 20

Transport 6 4 10

Volunteer work 3 2 5

TOTAL 67 33 100




Housing 21 21 21

Nutrition 36 30 34Clothing 13 5 10

Care 17 25 20

Transport 9 13 10


TOTAL 100 100 100

• Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Percentage distribution by function




Housing 67 33 100

Nutrition 71 29 100

Clothing 82 18 100

Care 58 42 100

Transport 57 43 100


TOTAL 67 33 100

• Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Percentage distribution by sex



•Wages

– We chose the “replacement cost” using the general wage for domestic workers paid by households, obtained from the results of the time use survey.

– The net wage per hour worked amounts to €8.22.



• Value of non-market productive activities of households in 2010. Million euros


Housing 62,123 30,340 92,463

Nutrition 105,056 43,112 148,168

Clothing 36,672 7,996 44,668

Care 50,900 36,133 87,033

Transport 25,098 19,223 44,320

Volunteer work 12,013 8,657 20,670

TOTAL 291,863 145,460 437,323



•Time spent on non-market productive activities. Hours per year in millions

Principal functions

Women Men Total

2003 2010 2003 2010 2003 2010

Housing 7,784 7,558 2,846 3,691 10,630

11,249

Nutrition 13,431

12,781

4,269 5,245 17,701

18,025

Clothing 4,654 4,461 717 973 5,371 5,434

Care 4,465 6,192 2,163 4,396 6,628 10,588

Transport 2,249 3,053 1,659 2,339 3,907 5,392

Volunteer work

1,289 1,461 849 1,053 2,138 2,515

TOTAL 33,872

35,506

12,503

17,696

46,375

53,202

Comparison between 2010 and 2003 (1)


•Time spent on non-market productive activities. Increase in percentage


39% 36%

13%

5%

30%23%

36%

103%

41%

24%

42%

6%2% 1%

60%

38%

18%15%

-3% -5% -4%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Housing Nutrition Clothing Care Transport Volunteerwork

Total

Women Men Total


First remarks (1)

• Two-thirds of non-market activities are carried out by women.

• In the last 7 years, the time spent on activities of non-market production of women has grown less than the time spent on these activities by men.


•Time spent on non-market productive activities. Total Hours per year in billions


53

46

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

2003 2010

Population growth: 8.7%

Increase of production per household:5.5%

14.7%



• Value of non-market productive activities of households as a percentage of GDP

(wage declared by the domestic workers)

(wage paid by households)

25.6%

30.5%

41.6%



• Value of non-market productive activities of households. Billion euros at 2003 constant prices

(wage declared by the domestic workers)

(wage paid by households)

in hours spent: 14.7%

Real wages increase

3.5%

41.4%


Concluding remarks (1)

• The wages of domestic workers have only risen in real terms by 3.5%. This is probably due to an oversupply of foreign workers, both before and after the economic crisis. It is more realistic than an increase of 41%.

• However the optimum way to perform this assessment is to use a net wage calculated from the wages reported by the employers, because if we use the net wage declared by the recipients (who tend to declare a lower wage), we obtain an underestimated value of non-market production in 2010, as it occurred in 2003.

• Therefore we have to re-estimate the production of households of 2003.


Concluding remarks (2)

• It is considered good practice to include in surveys of time use a specific module focused on domestic workers, in order to obtain the necessary information to estimate the satellite accounts of household production: wages paid, extra pay, hours work, etc..

• The time use surveys could become an important tool for the estimation of these accounts, because they not only provide the time spent on these activities, but also wages that might be applied.


For more information:www.ine.es

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