#1234 force and simple machine
TRANSCRIPT
02
Creative Ability
can be Learned
(v1.0)
Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes 20 individual packages, as well as five school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:
1. Using GIGO’s “building block” construction-based curriculum, every class has a ready-to-assemble model, and includes time designed to promote individual creativity.
2. Promotes thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by learning innovation through play!
3. We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual development and the ability to work as part of a team effort.
4. Course levels are designed from elementary to difficult, combining a life sciences-based curriculum with applications from daily life.
5. Experiment using Gigo’s “building blocks”, which can be used over and over again, saving both time and effort.
6. Comes with Gigo’s newly developed 3D Smart Manual, which makes learning how to intelligently assemble each model easier than ever before.
7. Learning Lab’s Cloud Platform allows systematic recording of learning progress.
We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.
For any questions or inquires. please email to [email protected]
01
07. Thrust
08. Elastic Force
10. Monograph (2)
11. Inclined Plane
Appendix: Learning Lab Packages
20. Monograph (4)
19. Movable Pulley
18. Fixed Pulley
17. Sprocket
16. Belt Pulley
15. Monograph (3)
14. Gears
13. Simple Pendulum
12. Balance
09. Centrifugal Force
04. Torque
05. Monograph (1)
06. Friction
03. Speed Measurement
02. Distance Measurement
01. Mass and Weight
Parts List
Index
Education Philosophy 01 39
03 45
09 53
17 59
23 67
31 75
02 41
05 49
13 57
21 63
27 71
35 77
Index
03
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Long Frame
Short Frame
Dual Frame
Square Frame
Dual Rod
11-hole Rod
7-hole Prolate Rod
5-hole Rod
5-hole Dual Rod-II
5-hole Dual Rod-III
3-hole Rod
3-hole Dual Rod
Bended Rod
Motor Axle
Cross Axle 3CM
Cross Axle 6CM
Cross Axle 7CM
Cross Axle 10CM
Cross Axle 15CM
Bar
Cord 200CM
20T Gear
40T Gear
60T Gear
10T Sprocket
20T Sprocket
30T Sprocket
80T Gear
160T Gear
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
M Pulley
L Pulley
Racing Tire
M Ring
L Ring
L Rubber Band
Cross Axle Fixer
Two-in-one Converter
Hinge
Cross Axle Connector
160T Gear Adaptor
Hook
90 Degree Adaptor-I
90 Degree Adaptor-II
Axle
Loose Axle
L Connecting Peg
S Connecting Peg
Crank
Hollow Tube 3CM
Drive Chain
Base Grid Connector
Base Grid
Spanner
P a r t s L i s t
04
1
x7
2
x4
4
x4
6
x6
10
x5
11
x1
12
x3
13
x4
42
x4
37
x2
38
x2
39
x2
15
x1
16
x3
17
x2
18
x2
19
x1
22
x2
23
x6
24
x2
25
x1
26
x4
36
x2
30
x3
31
x2
32
x2
44
x5
45
x2
46
x25
47
x4
21
x2
48
x2
3
x2
5
x6
8
x2
7
x2
14
x1
20
x1
29
x1
28
x2
27
x2
43
x2
33
x3
34
x2
35
x1
40
x1
41
x1
49
x2
53
x1
52
x3
51
x2
50
x102
9
x3
Daily
Application
05
S e s s i o n
Parts List
Assembly
StepsBrainstorming
06
BrainstormingCrane
01
03
02
04
06
01Mass and Weight
Mass and weight mean different things scientifically. Mass is the amount of matter in
an object. You can use a balance to weigh it. To measure mass, we will place an object in the pan on
one side of the scale and a balancing weight on the other side. When the transverse lever reaches a horizontal position, the mass is obtained. Weight, on the other hand, is a kind of force, the gravitational force between the specific object and the Earth. A spring balance is usually used to measure the weight of an object. Weight varies with the force of gravity at a location. Please note that weight can change with location while mass always stays the same.
The gravity of the moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth. If we live on the moon, what difference will it make?
2 6
x12x1
x1
x1x1
x2
x2
x6
x4
x1
x2
x2
x2
16
18
52
21
30
31
22 23
463936
The baby panda at the zoo has got a lot of attention from children lately, which makes the red ants that also live in the zoo very ill at ease.
The king of the red ants has called a national meeting. Red ants are pretty strong. Nevertheless, none of them is as strong as a panda. The king, however, tells everyone that despite the fact that the baby panda has grown to ten kilograms, it is wobbly on its feet and cannot stand still while we, the red ants, are strong as long as we stick together. As such, he has recruited an army of red ants that total ten kilograms and they want to have a seesaw competition
with the baby panda.
Kids, will the baby panda or the army of red ants win?
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
08
Evaluation
Hang a heav y ob jec t on the long arm of the crane. To keep balance, how does the counter weight of the handle change? When switching to different heavy objects, how much do you adjust the counter weight of the handle in order to achieve balance?
Change the model so that it can measure the weight of each object.
07
Experiment Hanging Object Handle Counter Weight
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
05
09
07
11
06
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08
12
09
S e s s i o n 02
Around 240 BC, the Greek Eratoshenes measured the distance from Alexandria to Syene at 800 km. Syene happens to be located on the Tropic of Cancer. Therefore, a vertical bamboo pole would be shadowless at noon on each year‘s summer solstice. A bamboo pole set up at Alexandria to the north of the Tropic of Cancer, on the other hand, would show a shadow at the same time. Since the angle between the pole and its shadow was around 7.2 degrees, that is, 1/50 of a circle's circumference, Eratoshenes worked out that the Earth's circumference equals 50 times the distance between these two cities.
K i d s , w h a t i s t h e a p p r o x i m a t e circumference of the earth? Who was the first person to calculate the Earth's circumference?
Brainstorming
What other things that can be used to measure distance?
10
21
x1
6
Distance is the lineal length between two different points in the same space. Distance
can be measured in many ways, with a ruler, a tape, with laser distance measuring equipment, for example.
To conveniently and quickly measure distance, sometimes unique tools are designed. For example, the distance measuring equipment that police use in a traffic accident do not require the user to bend down. The police officer simply needs to push the measuring tool and walk around to quickly complete distance measurement. It is simple and effective.
Measuring
Wheel
Parts List
Daily
Application
Distance Measurement
x1 x2
x7 x1
x3 x1 x25
x2x2
x1
16
23
469
29
32
27
40
01
03
02
04
10
1 2 3
1211
Calibrate the 160T Gear so that the model can really measure distance.
Find ways to make a marble hit a distant
bottle.
Try to let the children observe the path of the falling marble, and then adjust the angles of the ramp. It can be learned that high-speed marble can hit distant bottle accurately.
Mark a length on the ground and use the model to measure the distance before using a measuring tape to conf irm the measurement error.
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Evaluation
ArtAttack
Experiment
Time
11
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
Parts List
13
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
14
01
03
02
04
How can we know the speed of a car?
03Speed Measurement
Since Snail won the F1 championship, many schools have invited him to teach kids about "speed". Snail: A cheetah runs ten seconds while an ostrich runs the same distance in five seconds. Who runs faster? Children: The Ostrich! Because the ostrich takes a shorter time, it runs faster.
Snail: What if the cheetah runs 100 meters in ten seconds and the ostrich runs ten meters in five seconds. Who runs faster? Children: The cheetah of course!
Snail: Take a guess. Me and the cheetah, who runs faster?
x2
1
24
5
Relative movement results in a varying degree of subjective feelings. To eliminate
the difference caused by relative movement, when we discuss the distance moved by an object within a
certain period of time in a static setting, faster movement will result in a longer distance covered and will also result in a higher mean speed. On the other hand, slower movement will result in a shorter distance covered and also a lower mean speed.
Speed Detector
Daily
Application
x3
x2 x1 x2 x5 x4 x2 x2
x6
x2
x2 x1 x1
10
37 38
19
3646 47 52
8
7
49
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
16
Change the gradient of the track and see how the mean speed changes.
Use a stopwatch to measure the time needed for a rolling wheel to drop to the bottom ten times and calculate the mean speed.
15
Evaluation
ArtAttack
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
Parts List
Daily
Application
17
S e s s i o n 04Torque
The concept of torque was discovered during Archimedes’ research on the lever principle. Simply put, torque can be imagined to be the physical force required
to turn an object. It is the force that rotates and moves an object. Size of torque is determined by
three factors: force, position vector of the force, and the angle between the force and the position vector. The vertical distance from the rotational axis to the applied force is the distance through which a force moves. Therefore, torque is defined as the product of force and the distance through which a force moves. It is often used in the leverage principle. The greater the distance through which a force moves, the greater the torque and the better the rotational effectiveness. The smaller the distance through which a force moves, on the other hand, the smaller the torque and the worse the rotational effectiveness.
Torque is an indispensable friend in daily life. It helps us save a lot of strength. When used inappropriately, however, torque can result in disasters, too. One day, when Walter's mom was cooking in the kitchen, a neighbor came over. Walter's mom told Walter to turn off the stove. Walter went into the kitchen and ran out in a panic soon after. He cried: "Mom! Why does the flame get bigger and bigger when I try
to turn the gas off?"
Kids, do you help your mom cook at home? Do you know what happened to Walter? What should you pay attention to when you are turning off the stove?
H o w c a n t o r q u e c h a n g e b e applied in daily life?
18
1 13
Seesaw
x2
x2 x3
x2 x4
x4x1
19
46 52
4239
01
03
02
04
Brainstorming
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
20
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Evaluation
19
Combine the Shor t Frame *2, Square Frame *1, Dual Rod *1, and 7-hole Prolate Rod *1 on one side of the seesaw. Which combination will generate greater torque?
Place the Song Frame and Square Frame on each side of the seesaw and try to f ind the balance point.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
1
ModelDesign
2
ModelCreation
3
Winner!
DesignConcept
My Artwork
22
Evaluation
21
S e s s i o n
Monograph
01. Crane
Vehicles in ancient times were driven by men or animals. Imagine that you are an ancient person and try to create a vehicle that can move forward with the assistance of gravity.
051
02. Measuring Wheel
03. Speed Detector 04. Seesaw
ModelReview
Daily
Application
23
S e s s i o n
24
Parts List
06
When an object moves on a plane, there is a force that obstructs object movement
between two contact surfaces. This is called "friction," which is always the reverse direction of the
applied force or the direction of movement. Friction is commonly applied in daily life. Sometimes it is necessary to decrease friction and sometimes it is necessary to maximize friction. For a car to run fast, for example, the tires must have sufficient friction in order to prevent accidents as a result of skidding. This is why it is necessary to slow down when driving in the rain. The friction of wheel bearings, on the other hand, needs to be decreased in order for the wheels to rotate smoothly and minimize energy consumption.
In class, the teacher told his students: Anyone that can separate these two books will have no homework today.
The teacher interlaced two books page by page to combine them in one. Helen was the first to go to the podium to try. She grasped the backs of the books with both hands and tried to pull them apart. The books, however, remained unseparated. Paul laughed out loud. He thought that a boy like him is stronger and hence would be able to pull the books apart. He tried and the books still remained stuck together.
Kids, have you played this game before? Do you know the scientific principle behind this?
What would happen if there was no friction in the world?
2 5
14
x1
BrainstormingPush Scooter
Friction
x1
x1
x1
x1
610
11
12
13
38 3917 30 46
8
33
x2
x1
x2
x2
x7x1x1x3x3x1
01
03
02
04
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
26
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
valuationE
Adjust the gradient of the slope and record the sliding distance of the scooter.
25
Pile up books to form a slope and change the material of the wheel to achieve the maximum sliding distance.
Experiment Gradient Sliding Distance
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
05
09
07
11
06
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08
12
Daily
Application
Parts List
27
S e s s i o n
28
07Thrust
Thrust helps an object with mass change speed or direction. Thrust includes
size and direction. When sufficient thrust is applied to an object, the object will start to move and accelerate.
Greater thrust increases object acceleration. On the other hand, when thrust is applied to an object slowly, the object will move slowly or sometimes will not even move due to friction. Once thrust ceases, the object will stop accelerating and will gradually come to a stop.
Summer vacation is the season for water play. Tony's mom has signed him up for the summer swimming camp. The coach has taught students on land how to kick in the water and how to increase thrust. Tony understands what was taught. However, it was a totally different story when he got in the water. He was unable to keep his body in balance and he kicked the water and swam with his hands but it was all to no avail. He was unable to create thrust to move forwards and just stayed where he was.
Kids, do you know how to swim? Do you know how to help Tony improve? How do you create thrust when swimming?
Push ing an ob jec t he lps the object to generate acceleration. How does the acceleration differ from gravitational acceleration?
BrainstormingRoller
x1
x3x2 x2
x3
x2
13 46
8
3828
10
Note: prepare 2~3 pcs of marbles.
01
03
02
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
30
Evaluation
Push the model to the fixed ta rget one
meter away.
Try to apply three different sizes of force to
push the model and record the rolling distance.
29
Experiment Pushing force Rolling distance
# 1
# 2
# 3
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
Daily
Application
Parts List
31
S e s s i o n
32
08Elastic Force
Elastic force refers to the recovery force generated when object deformation
occurs . Each ob jec t has a d i f fe rent deformation limit which is called the elastic limit. When
the generated deformation amount is smaller than the elastic limit, the object can recover its original state, or else it can’t recover. The relationship between the length the spring extends and the tension is Hooke's law. When the spring experiences elastic deformation, the size of the elastic force and the length by which the spring extends (or compresses) is proportional to each other.
What other applications does an elastic force have?
Paul was an adorable child loved by everyone. Adults tried to hug him whenever they saw him. He is now a fifth grader and chubby. His mom is worried about his health. She has bought him a bouncy ball. She also made a deal with Paul that she would exercise with him at night. First, they would lie down and bend their knees and then use their legs to trap the bouncy ball. They repeated this same action again and again. There are a variety of interesting ways to play with a bouncy ball. Sometimes
you can even use it to train your balance skills!
Kids, have you ever played with a bouncy ball? Do you know the scientific principle behind the bouncy ball?
Trap Brainstorming
1
4
5
x1
6
10 16
18
22
36 45
35
x1
x1
x2
x5 x1
x1 x1
x1
x2 x2x1
46
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
34
Evaluation
Hang a heavy object onto a rubber band and record its degree of deformation.
33
Try to modify the model and turn it into a mouse trap that is triggered and activated to trap a mouse with elastic force.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
Daily
Application
Parts List
35
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
36
09
Before we talk about centrifugal force, we must first know what is centripetal force.
When a rope is used to swing an object, for example, the rope provides the centripetal force for the
object to begin circular movement. If the rope breaks, the centripetal force disappears and the object will fly off on a tangent according to the law of inertia. This is a reverse action to the centripetal force and is an imaginary force since there is no real source for this force. It is actually the action of an object maintaining inertial motion. The tumbler of a clothes dryer, for example, is an application of inertia.
What other applications does a centrifugal have?
Walter had been looking forward to visiting an amusement park with his family on the weekend. He particularly wanted to ride the rollercoaster. Since no one else in his family dared to ride it, Walter lined up alone and waited for his turn.
When he got on the rollercoaster as soon as it had climbed to the highest point, it plummeted very suddenly. Walter felt a powerful centrifugal force acting on his body. It felt like that he could be thrown around at any time. It was really scary.
K ids, do you know what t ypes of people shouldn't ride a ro l lercoaster? What principles are at work in a rollercoaster?
Merry-go-
round
1 2
12
20
x1
Centrifugal Force
16
x1
6
19
22
23
24
25 44 45 46
28
x2x2
x2
x1
x2
x2
x2x1
x2 x3
x2x2
x1
x2 x5
43
51 52
x1
01
03
02
04
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
38
See the f l ight range of Shor t Frames at different rotational speeds.
37
Extend and shor ten the rotational arm and see how the Shor t Frames di f fer during rotation.
Experiment Rotational Speed Flight range of frames
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Evaluation
05
09
07
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06
10
08
12
39 40
S e s s i o n
2Monograph S e s s i o n
06. Push Scooter
10
40
Combining what you've learnt above, try to make an elastic ejector that impels a car forward. Compete to see whose car runs the farthest.
07. Roller
DesignConcept
2
ModelCreation
1
ModelDesign
Evaluation
3
Winner!
My Artwork
08. Trap 09. Merry-go-round
ModelReview
Daily
Application
Parts List
41
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
42
11
An inclined plane is a typical simple mechanical structure. It is an inclined
flat plank capable of lifting an object less strenuously from a low area to a high area. The length
of the route required to lift the object also increases. By using an inclined plane, for example, one can easily load or unload goods onto or off a freight truck. The smaller the gradient of the inclined plane, the smaller the angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane. The force required to be applied to the object is lesser and the moving distance is longer. On the contrary, when the angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane increases, the force applied to move the object has to be increased. The moving distance shortens.
41
What other applications does an inclined plan have?
Helen's books are becoming more and more numerous and no longer fit on the shelves. So her father has bought her a DIY wooden shelf that Helen had to learn to assemble by herself.
Helen quickly assembled the book shelf and she found that the strength required to screw in the screws was much less than that to hammer nails. What's more, screws can quickly fix two wooden planks tightly.
Kids, do you know why only a little strength is required to screw in screws? What is the principle at work?
Dual Layer
Slide
Incl ined Plane
x4Note: prepare a marble.
11
525
x6
51
x2
x2
x1
46
x6
1
01
03
02
04
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
44
Try to release a marble from the top ten times and record the successes while discussing causes for failures.
43
Modify the model to increase the success rate of the dropped marble.
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Evaluation
05
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07
11
06
10
08
12
Daily
Application
Parts List
45
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
46
What other applications does a balance principle apply?
12
Paul wants to become a magician and he's always trying to find opportunities to perform in front of people. During a gathering, Paul volunteered and took to the stage to perform a trick in front of his classmates. This trick is called the "self-balancing straw".
Paul pulled out a plastic straw from his pocket. First, he placed the ends of the plastic straw on his right and left index fingers, respectively. Then, he slowly moved his right and left index fingers toward the center of the plastic straw, keeping both hands in a horizontal position.
Kids, will the plastic straw fall off? Why? Also, observe closely whether the straw moves at the same time on both hands despite the fact that both hands are moving at the same time.
A lever is an equipment acting via rotation, in which the f ixed rotation
point is named as pivot and the two ends stressed are the working point and resistant point
respectively. The vertical distances from the stressed points to the pivot are called lever arm and resistant arm accordingly. When a lever is balanced, objects on both sides of the fulcrum remain stationary. A scale is a measuring tool based on the law of the lever that is used to measure the mass of an object.
45
2
Balance
Scale
18
36 46
52x2
x2
x2
x1 x1
x1
x1 x4
6
5
8
Balance
01
03
02
04
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
48
When dif ferent building blocks are hung on both ends of a balance scale, how do you maintain the balance?
47
Make a balance scale applying the second type of leverage.* The 2nd type of leverage is where the ef for t and the resistance are located on the same side of the fulcrum and the distance through which an applied force moves is greater than that through which a resistant force moves.
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Evaluation
05
09
07
06
08
Parts List
49
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
50
Have you found the mechanisms of pendulum?
13
A pendulum is the physical phenomenon where an object (or pendulum) is hung
from a fixed point by a fine line and swings freely under the action of gravity. When the pendulum
swings freely back and forth, it naturally maintains a steady tempo. The time needed for a pendulum to complete one swing is referred to as its period and the distance from the suspension point to the pendulum is called the pendulum length. The period of a pendulum is determined by gravity and its length but is not connected to the weight of the pendulum or the amplitude.
49
In the 16th century, Galileo discovered the physical properties of pendulums.
One day while attending a church service at the Pisa cathedral, Galileo was looking at a swinging chandelier in the ceiling. He noticed that the period of the swing appeared to remain unchanged. Using his pulse as a crude clock, Galileo confirmed his observation: regardless of the arc of the swing, the time needed for the chandelier to complete each swing was identical! As a result, Galileo found by accident the isochronous nature of pendulums.
Kids, do you know who applied the principle of the pendulum and created the second clock?
Pendulum
Daily
Application
Simple Pendulum
1 10
19
23 46
52
51
14
22
5
x2
x1
x2
x1
x1
x2 x2
x2
x2 x2
01
03
02
04
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
52
Record the period of a single pendulum under different pendulum weights and lengths.
51
Make a pendulum with a swinging period close to 0.5 seconds.
Pendulum Length Pendulum Weight Pendulum Period
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Evaluation
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
Parts List
53
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
54
What other applications does a gear mechanism have?
14
A gear is a common part of daily life. It is a wheel-shaped mechanical part with
teeth-like protrusions. A gear set is a combination of gears that are closely connected so that power can
be passed on from one gear to another. When a gear with more teeth drives one with fewer teeth, it helps accelerate the rotational speed of the latter. However torque will drop. On the other hand, a gear with fewer teeth driving one with more teeth helps transmit more power and it will slow down the rotational speed of the gear with more teeth.
Helen has a small alarm clock. It was her tenth birthday present from Grandpa Rudolph. Grandpa Rudolph said that the clock ran smoothly because all gears inside it were helping one another. Grandpa Rudolph also said that she was a small gear in her family, too, and the first thing that she needed to train herself to do was to get up on her own every morning.
Helen likes the alarm clock very much because it wakes her up on time every morning. Each night, she will wind it and each gear will drive another gear to make clicking sounds.
Kids, do you know how gears interact with one another? Are you able to wake yourself up with an alarm clock?
2
22 23
24x2
x2
x2
x1 x6
x1 x1
52
18
20
Gear Set
Daily
Application
Gears
01
03
02
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
56
Evaluation
Rotate the gears dif ferent numbers of time and record the number of indentations formed on the paper.
55
Modif y the gear set and increase the speed of the indentations formed on the paper.
Experiment Gear Rotation Count Indentation Count
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
05
09
07
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08
1
ModelDesign
2
ModelCreation
3
Winner!
My Artwork
57 58
S e s s i o n
Evaluation11. Dual Layer Slide
13. Pendulum
12. Balance Scale
14. Gear Set
153
Produce a multi-layer track that enables a marble to end up in different locations while descending.
ModelReview
DesignConcept
Monograph
Daily
Application
Parts List
59
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
60
What other applications does a belt pulley have?
16
A primary characteristic of a belt pulley is that two or more pulleys are inserted in
one belt drive and the belt is the medium used to drive transmission of power from one pulley to the other.
During the assembly process, if the belt is not tightly inserted between the two belt pulleys, the belt pulleys will rotate in the same direction. Otherwise they will rotate in opposite directions.
x4
Tony is creative and he wants to become an inventor when he grows up. One day, Tony went to the mall with his mom. At the check-out, his mom placed her goods on the counter and they moved forward on their own. Tony took a look and found that there was a big belt installed in the counter that helped carry the goods forward. It immediately occurred to him that sushi restaurants apply similar principles as well. They let the belt bring food to customers.
Kids, do you know what is the secret behind the belt that makes it move?
2
4
18
Conveyor
Belt
Belt Pulley
x1
x1
x2
x4
x1 x1
x1
16
26
30
31
35
x2
x102x1
48
52
50 51
x2
01
03
02
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
62
Evaluation
Place an object on the conveyor belt and let the belt move it forward. Record the weight that makes the conveyor belt stop moving.
61
Besides us ing a be l t pu l ley, is there another way to move the object forward?
Experiment Object Weight Drivable (yes or no)
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
Parts List
63
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
64
What other applications does a sprocket have?
17
A common sprocket wheel in daily life is the large sprocket wheel installed near
the pedals of a bicycle. It has many teeth. The teeth drive a chain that drives the smaller sprocket wheel
installed on the rear wheel of the bicycle. The power transmission between two chain wheels somewhat resembles that of belt pulleys only a sprocket wheel is driven by a chain. When overloaded, the chain driving the sprocket wheel will break or the teeth on the chain wheel will break, which can cause an accident. One must be careful.
2
Grandpa Rudolph has a sturdy bicycle that he rides everyday to drop Paul off and pick him up from school.
On his day off, Grandpa took Paul on his bicycle to the mountains to see the cherry blossoms. While they were enjoying the beautiful views along the way, the bicycle got stuck and Paul almost fell off the bicycle. Grandpa said that the chain had slipped off and he needed to fix it. Paul did not know what a slipped chain was until he saw the chain lying on the ground. He worked with Grandpa and finally they reattached the chain to the chain wheel. They were able to continue their cherry blossom tour on the bicycle.
Kids, do you know what is a slipped chain? If your bicycle's chain slips off, do you know how to fix it?
3
x2
18
Bicycle
Daily
Application
Sprocket
x2 x2
2940
x1
x70x1x1
x1
48 52
50
x1 x1
26 27
01
03
02
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
66
Evaluation
Change the size of the sprocket and record the difference in rotational speed.
65
Combine sprockets and gears and create the fastest turning centrifuge.
Rotation Count
1
1
1
Driven Wheel Rotation Count
Large sprocket
Medium sprocket
Medium sprocket
Small sprocket
Small sprocket
Large sprocket
Drive Wheel
05
09
07
06
10
08
Parts List
67
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
68
What other applications does a fixed pulley have?
18
An ordinary pulley is a disc that turns around the central axis but the central axis of a fixed
pulley is fixed. Meanwhile, there are grooves on the circumference of the disc. The rope is wound around
the grooves. The friction between the rope and the disc as a result of pulling either end of the rope causes the disc to rotate around the central axis. The fixed pulley, on the other hand, works to change the direction of force. When a heavy object is being pulled, a fixed pulley can be used to switch the direction where force is applied to a direction where it is easier to apply force. When a fixed pulley is used, the distance pulled by applied force equals the distance the object is elevated. It does not reduce the force needed but allows a more measured effort.
At the entrance of the alley live two brothers. Both of them like to play the piano very much. Therefore, they worked hard and saved money to buy a piano. There is a problem now. They live on the second floor. How can they move the piano upstairs?
There is an existing fixed pulley installed on the balcony of the second floor. It is used to hoist goods. Therefore, the fat brother decides to pull up the piano using the fixed pulley. When the piano
is pulled half way up, he feels that it is better that his thin younger brother takes over and he goes upstairs to be ready to receive the piano.
When he gets upstairs, to his surprise, he does not see the piano. Instead, he sees his thin younger b ro ther r ight in front of him. Why would th is have happended?
1
4
218
Cable Car
Daily
Application
x2
Fixed Pulley
12
37
39
16
17
36
30
46
48
51
5
41
x2x1
x3
x2x2
x1
x2
x2 x4 x2
x2
x2
x1
x1
x2
x2
52
01
03
02
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
70
Evaluation
Change the moving direction of a cable car from horizontal to vertical.
69
Make a cur tain mechanism that can be opened and closed with a pulley.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
Daily
Application
Parts List
71
S e s s i o n Brainstorming
72
Movable PulleyWhat other applications does a movable pulley have?
19
An ordinary pulley is a disc that turns around the central axis but the central axis
of a movable pulley is mobile. When a movable pulley is used, the direction where the force is applied
cannot be changed. The pulling force applied through the movable pulley towards one end of the rope, however, equals half of the load. In other words, one can pull a heavy load less strenuously. It is an important trait of a movable pulley.
A baby elephant that has wandered off is eager to find its mom. Thirsty, it tries to get water from a well but accidentally falls into the well.
Villagers find the baby elephant. Although a baby, its weighs much more than an ordinary adult human. Therefore, the village head asks the smartest child in the village to try to save the baby elephant. The smartest child heard him and asked people to
prepare a pulley and a coarse rope right away. He intends to lift up the baby elephant with a movable pulley.
Kids, what do you think the smartest chi ld must do to save the baby elephant?
Pulley Set
1 4 16
12
3021
5x2
x1
x1
x1
x2
x1
x1
x1
x1
x2x2
x2
52
11
23
31
32
44
x1
46
x2
01
03
02
04
1 2 3
ModelAssembled
ExperimentComplete
Model Creation
Experiment
Time
ArtAttack
74
Evaluation
Record the difference in the force applied with a f ixed pulley and a movable pulley to raise an object.
73
Connect two sets of movable pulleys and observe how the size of the force applied changes.
05
09
07
11
06
10
08
12
1
ModelDesign
2
ModelCreation
3
Winner!
DesignConcept
My Artwork
75 76
S e s s i o n
Evaluation
20
There are numerous valuable resources hidden underground. To access them, one must dig the firm strata out one layer after another. Try to make digging equipment that makes digging simple and easy.
ModelReview
17. Bicycle16. Conveyor Belt
18. Cable Car 19. Pulley Set
4Monograph
77 78
Learning Lab- Individual Packages Learning Lab- School Packages
30 mins/ session; 30 sessions/ package
50 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
#1230 Wonderful World1
#1249 Construction Set20
#1231 Theme Park2
#1232 Little Artist3 #1233 Fun Cube4
#1248 Basic Set19
#1245 Vibro & Gyro16#1244 Robot15
#1246 Programmable Controller
17 #1247 S4A Interactive Bricks
18
Creative World
Technology Explorer
Brick Contraption40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package
#1238 Gas & Pneumatics9
#1240 Light & Solar Energy11
#1242 Chemical Battery13
#1234 Force & Simple Machine
5 #1235 Motion & Mechanism
6
#1236 Electricity & Circuit7 #1237 Electromagnetism & Motor
8
#1239 Wind Power10
#1241 Liquid & Hydraulics12
#1243 Optical Devices14
Scientific Experiment
Target: age 2-6 (Kindergarten)
30 mins/ session;
120 sessions in total
Target: age 10+ (Jr. & Sr. High School)
50 mins/ session;
80 sessions in total
Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)
40 mins/ session;
100 sessions in total
Target: age 7+
40 mins/ session;
40 sessions in total
Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)
40 mins/ session;
100 sessions in total
#1250 Creative World Set#1251 Scientific Experiment Set- Power Machine
#1252 Scientific Experiment Set- Green Energy
#1253 Technology Explorer Set
#1254 Brick Contraption Set
Creative Classroom