• 12/2 Focus:12/2 Focus:– The Romans established a new form

of government known as a republic – The Romans influenced many of the

values and institutions of western civilization.

• Important Terms: Important Terms: – Republic, Patricians, Plebeians Republic, Patricians, Plebeians

• Do Now:Do Now: – Identify the type of government found

in the United States

Ancient RomeAncient RomeThe Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

ReviewReview

• What were some of the geographic characteristics associated with the Italian Peninsula?

ReviewReview• What were some of

the geographic advantages of Rome’s location in Italy?

ReviewReview

• What were the three groups that had the most influence on early Rome?

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

• Etruscan kings ruled Rome from 600 B.C. to 509 BC – Roman aristocrats

overthrew the last Etruscan king in 509 BC

– Establish a republic

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic• Republic – A form of government in which elected

officials govern the state– power rests with citizens who have the

right to vote for their leaders– Indirect democracy or representative

democracy• Rome allowed free-born male citizens

to participate in elections–Women could not vote

Roman Roman CitizenCitizen

ss

Roman Roman CitizenCitizen

ss

PatriciaPatriciansns

PatriciaPatriciansns

PlebeiaPlebeiansns

PlebeiaPlebeiansns

Aristocratic

landowners

Aristocratic

landowners

Controlled

Senate

Controlled

Senate

Made the laws of Rome

Made the laws of Rome

10% of pop.

10% of pop.

Farmers, Artists,

merchants

Farmers, Artists,

merchants

majority

majority

Wanted more

influence on gov’t

Wanted more

influence on gov’t

Patricians and PlebeiansPatricians and Plebeians

• Plebeians demanded more rights in Rome from the patricians– Assembly• Gained more power over time

– Tribunes • Officials elected to protect the rights of

plebeians• Could veto laws that were unjust to

plebeians

Roman GovernmentRoman Government

• Senate– 300 patrician men– Served for life – Controlled

finances and foreign relations

– Advised consuls

Roman GovernmentRoman Government

• Assemblies – Tribal

Assembly and Centuriate Assembly

–Made laws and appointeed officials

Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council

Roman GovernmentRoman Government

• Consuls – 2 consuls elected

by the assembly for 1 year

– Chief executives and commanded the army

•

Roman GovernmentRoman Government

• In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator to rule Rome.– Dictator

• a leader who has absolute power

– Could only rule for six months

– Were chosen by the consul and elected by the SenateCincinnatus

• 12/3 Focus:12/3 Focus:– The location of Rome helped the

Romans to carry on trade and build an empire around the Mediterranean Sea

• Do Now:Do Now:– Identify two codes of law that we have

discussed in class this year?

The Twelve Tables of The Twelve Tables of RomeRome

• First written code of law in Rome

• Plebeians demanded laws of Rome be written down – Laws were carved on

twelve bronze tablets and displayed in the Roman Forum

• Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to protection of the law

•

The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum

• The center of life in Rome

• Marketplace and civic center – Senate met in the

forum – Public speeches

were given here– Site of many

businesses

Points for DiscussionPoints for Discussion

• What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy?

• How are the Twelve Tables of Rome and Hammurabi’s Code similar?

• What was the difference between patricians and plebeians?