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%ut!ine

Introduction

What is HCI?

Types of interfaces

Existing technologies

Advances in HCI

Architecture

Applications

Advantages and Disadvantages

Conclusion

References

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Intro&uction

Human

The enduser

The mem!ers of an organi"ation

Computer

Hard#are

$oft#are

Interface

A point #here t#o o!%ects meet&

A point #here the human can tell the computer #hat to do&

A point #here the computer displays the re'uested information&

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'at i HCI A process of information transfer

(ser to )achine

)achine to (ser

HCI is also referred to as )an )achine Interaction&

HCI is #hat the user sees and includes* The physical controls

What the system loo+s li+e?

Ho# the system accepts input from the user?

Ho# the system responds to user input?Ho# the system outputs the results of processing?

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Type of Interface Command Line Interface (CLI)

A C,I displays a prompt- the user types a command on the+ey!oard- the computer executes the command and provides

textual output&

Menu Driven Interface

The user has a list of items to choose from- and can ma+eselections !y highlighting one&

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

(ses #indo#s- icons- menus and pointers .WI)/0 #hich can !e

manipulated !y a mouse .and often to an extent !y a +ey!oard as#ell0&

Natural Language Interface

Can range from simple command systems to voice activated text

processing& Commands are spo+en in 1normal2 language&

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*+itin" Tecno!o"ie

The existing interfaces differ in the degree of complexity !oth!ecause of degree of functionality or usa!ility&

The user activity has three different levels*

/hysical

CognitiveAffective

The existing physical technologies for HCI !asically can !e

categori"ed !y human senses&

These devices are !asically relying on three human senses* vision-audio- and touch&

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A&-ance in HCI

The ne# advances in HCI can !e categori"ed in 3 sections*#eara!le devices- #ireless devices- and virtual devices

Examples*

4/$ 5avigation $ystems

)ilitary supersoldier enhancing devices

/DA

Canesta 6ey!oard.7WERT8 pattern0

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Cont&..

Recent advances of research in HCI are in these areas*

Intelligent and Adaptive interfaces

(!i'uitous computing.(!iComp0

These interfaces involve different levels of user activity* physical-

cognitive- and affective&

Intelligent and Adaptive Interface:

Intelligent HCI designs are interfaces that incorporate at least

some +ind of intelligence in perception from and9or response to

users&Ex* $peech ena!led interfaces that use natural language to

interact #ith users and devices

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Cont&..

Adaptive HCI designs- on the other hand- may not useintelligence in the creation of interface !ut use it to interact

#ith users&

Ex* A #e!site using regular 4(I for selling various products

Intelligent and adaptive interfaces are active interfaces5onIntelligent interfaces are passive in nature

Ta!let /C is an example that uses !oth intelligent and adaptive

interfaces and it has hand#riting recognition a!ility&

Ui!uitous Computing: The idea of u!i'uitous computing #as to em!ed computers

every#here in the environment and everyday o!%ects so that

people could interact #ith many computers

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Cont&..

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Cont&..

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Arcitecture

Architecture of any HCI systems is identified !y* 5um!er of inputs and outputs in the system

Diversity of inputs and outputs in terms of modality

Wor+ings of these diverse input and output for interaction

purpose

:ased on different configuration and design of interface- HCI

systems can !e divided into*

(nimodal HCI system )ultimodal HCI system

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nimo&a! HCI Sytem

An interface mainly relies on num!er and diversity of its inputsand outputs #hich are communication channels that ena!le users

to interact #ith computer via this interface&

A system that is !ased on only one modality is called unimodal.

:ased on the nature of different modalities- they can !e divided

into three categories*

Audio:ased $ensor:ased

;isual:ased

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Au&io ae& HCI

It deals #ith information ac'uired !y different audio signals& The information gathered from audio signals can !e more

trusta!le- helpful and in some cases uni'ue providers of

information&

6ey components*

)icrophone

A$R.automated speech recognition0 and 5,(.natural language

understanding0 soft#are

The main research areas of Audio !ased HCI are divided into*

$peech Recognition

$pea+er Recognition

Auditory Emotion Analysis

Human)ade 5oise9$ign Detections

)usical Interaction1#$03$2013

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Senor ae& HCI

It has the #ide range of applications in our daytoday life& The common feature in every application is that at least one

physical sensor is used !et#een machine and human to provide

interaction&

$ome of the sensors range from !eing very sophisticated toprimitive *

/en:ased Interaction

)otion Trac+ing $ensors9Digiti"ers

Haptic $ensors /ressure $ensors

6ey!oard- )ouse-

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iua! ae& HCI

It is also called as machine vision #hich is the o!servation of anenvironment using cameras&

In this- different aspects of human responses can !e recognised

visual signals&

Detection- identification and trac+ing of a real life entity and itstranslation into meaningful machine9computer input&

The main research areas of visual !ased HCI are*

=acial Expression Analysis

:ody )ovement trac+ing and 4esture recognition4a"e Detection

$ixth $ense is one of the ;isual !ased HCI technologies #hich is

a #eara!le 14esture :ased2 device&

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Si+t Sene

A small pro%ectora pendant prototype to !e #orn around the nec+ Connected to the mo!ile computing device in the user>s poc+et

Components: Camera- /ro%ector- )irror- )o!ile Component-

Colour )ar+ers

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Si+t Sene

"or#ing:

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Si+t Sene

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Application

Ta+e pictures

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imitation of nimo&a!HCI 5ot a natural #ay of human interaction

(sually designed for the average> user

=ails to cater to the needs of a diverse category of people

Difficult to use !y disa!led- illiterate and untrained people

Cannot provide universal interface

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u!timo&a! HCI Sytem

Com!ination of multiple modalities- or usage of more than oneindependent channel signals for the interaction !et#een a user

and a machine is termed as multimodal human computer

interaction system .))HCI0&

A multimodal interface acts as a facilitator of humancomputer

interaction via t#o or more modes of input&

It is easy to use !y disa!led- illiterate people&

A classic example of a multimodal system is the 1/ut That There2

demonstration system&

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u!timo&a! HCI Sytem

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arati A u!timo&a! 'e6Interface

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A internet user interface for !oth language and computer illiteratepeople* text- speech- icon

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arati Dwani

$peech !ased module for those #ho can spea+ !ut notreading9#riting a!ility in their mother tongue&

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arati A7ar

Text !ased module for the user una!le to use English&

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u!timo&a! 8ramewor7 ofarati

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App!ication

Intelligent Homes9@ffices

Driver )onitoring

Intelligent 4ames

ECommerce

Helping /eople #ith Disa!ilities

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He!pin" 9eop!e witDia6i!itie

A good application of multimodal systems is to address and assistdisa!led people&

In this system users can interact #ith machine using voice and

head movements&

T#o modalities are used and !oth are active continuously* speechand head movements&

$peech provides the needed information a!out the meaning of the

action that must !e performed #ith an o!%ect selected !y the

cursor&

The head position indicates the coordinates of the cursor on the

screen at the current moment&

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Cont&..

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Comman& ineInterface

Advantages

;ery flexi!le #ith the use of 1s#itches2 .options0

4ood for 1expert2 users can 'uic+ly access commands

(ses the fe#est system resources

Disadvantages

Re'uires the user to learn 1complex2 commands or language

1Hidden2 features i&e& if the command is un+no#n #e cannot

ma+e use of that feature 5ot very good for novice users

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enu Dri-en Interface

Advantages

5o need to learn complex commands9language

Easier for a novice to learn9use

Ideal #hen there are a limited num!er of options .efficient0

Disadvantages

Can !e frustrating for experienced users i&e& the command they

#ant to use is !uried levels deep&

(ser interface may !e limited !y screen space and num!er ofoptions availa!le&

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:rapica! erInterface

Advantages

)ost suita!le interface for inexperienced or novice users

)any generic pac+ages for a 4(I #ill share common features

Disadvantages

4(Is use more system resources than other types of interface

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;atura! an"ua"eInterface

Advantages 5o training re'uired

Can !e 'uic+er than +ey!oard entry

Handsfree

Can !e used !y the disa!ledDisadvantages

Emerging technology B still contains 1!ugs2

Difficulty in dealing #ith homonyms

Difficult to recognise all the different #ays of saying things.and regional dialects0

Artificial languages are often more precise

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Conc!uion

7uality of system depends on ho# it is represented and used !y user

Therefore- enormous amount of attention has !een paid to !etter

designs of HCI&

;irtual reality can !e the common interface in future

(!iComp is trying to em!ed the technology in the environment and

ma+e it invisi!le at the same time&

5atural and 5eural Interfaces are the future of HumanComputer

input interfaces

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eni- 1Designs that fit* an overvie# of fit conceptuali"ation

in HCI2- in /& Jhang and D& 4alletta .eds0- Human-Computer

Interaction and Management Information Systems: Foundations-

)&E& $harpe- Armon+

1#$03$20133,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Computer_Interfacehttp://hci.stanford.edu/courses/cs547/http://ijcsms.com/journals/Volume%2011,%20Issue%2002,%20Aug%202011_Paper25.pdfhttp://ijcsms.com/journals/Volume%2011,%20Issue%2002,%20Aug%202011_Paper25.pdfhttp://ijcsms.com/journals/Volume%2011,%20Issue%2002,%20Aug%202011_Paper25.pdfhttp://ijcsms.com/journals/Volume%2011,%20Issue%2002,%20Aug%202011_Paper25.pdfhttp://hci.stanford.edu/courses/cs547/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Computer_Interface

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