12. impressionism
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Impressionism
1870-1900s
http://encyclopedian.com/i/Impressionism.htm
Vocabulary
Academic convention; Bourgeois; Art critique Studio, Salon, Exhibition Complementary colour Optical mixing Spectrum colours Synthetic pigment
Vocabulary
Shimmer, Open composition Instantaneity Cropping ‘En plein air’ Palette Atmosphere
Vocabulary
Transitory effect Luminosity Mechanical grinding Co-operative
Emergence of Impressionist style
1860s artists’ cooperative formed Rejected academic convention of:
1.Deferring to the antique in subject matter
2 Priming the canvas with dark undertones
3 Painting in darkened studio,
instead
1.Chose the modern era as subject matter
2.Painted directly onto unprimed canvas
3.Painted out of doors (en plein air)
Key Artists
Claude Monet (1840-1926) Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) Edgar Degas (1843-1917) Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) August Renoir (1841-1919) Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
Sculpture
Pierre Auguste Rodin 1840-1917 Danaid the source 1891
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Toulouse Lautrec 1864-1901 1891 Moulin Rouge
Lithographs
Pierre Auguste Rodinhttp://w
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Age of Bronze 1875-77
Modelled 1925 cast
The Burghers of Calais 1874
Toulouse –Lautrec 1864 -1901http://w
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Ambassadeurs 1872
Lithograph
Moulin Rouge two ladies 1892 oil on
cardboard
Materials
Un primed canvases Poppy seed oil instead
of linseed oil Spectrum colours Synthetic pigments Square headed brushes Tubes of colour Pastels
http://www.impressionism.org/atelier.htm
Techniques
Only spectrum colours were used
Paint was applied in looser distinct
brush strokes rather than blending
Uniform loading of the brush
Techniques
Paint was applied on pale/white
canvasses
Out of doors rather than studio based
Coloured shadows were created using
complementary colours-no black
Historical context- Art and Power
Rise of bourgeois society in Paris mid
18thC
Role of the Academy and Salon
Rise of art critiques
Historical context- Art and Power
Influences from Japanese Art
Forerunners: Eduard Manet, Gustave
Courbet
Napoleon III – the Salon des Refuses
Baron Haussmann- city planner
Gustave Caillebotte ‘Rainy Day in Paris’1877
Social Historyhttp://w
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What does this image reveal about the city?
Napoleon III – Salon des Refuses
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Influences of Japanese Art - Woodblocks
Familiar scenes
interiors, street views
Dramatic cropping
Unusual perspectives
Areas of contrasting
colours
http://ahistoryofgraphicdesign.blogspot.ie/2011/03/art-nouveau.html
Gutave Courbet Burial at Ornans 1850h
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Why does this painting not represent the established canons of Academic art?
Eduard Manet ‘ Dejeuner sur L’herbe’1863
http://en.wikipedia.org/w
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erbe_(The_P
icnic)_(1).jpgHow does this painting not represent the established Academic canons?
Industrial / Scientific innovations
Manufacture of tin for paint tubes rather than a
pig’s bladder (see image A next slide) Mechanical grinding of pigments Expansion of the railways Expansion of trade with the East Scientific discoveries of colour mixing B Photography - Nadar’s studio C
Tube paint could be used outdoors…how would this affect artists? A h
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Eugene Chevreul’s colour wheel B
1786-1889
http://en.wikip
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adar_(photograp
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Honoré Daumier C1863
EXHIBITIONS 1874-
1st exhibition held in studio of the photographer Nadar
Claude Monet,
Berthe Morisot,
August Renoir,
Alfred Sisley ….. this was where an art critic called Monet’s work ‘Sunrise’ oh no merely an “impression”
7 more exhibitions occurred where the other members exhibited
Claude Monet (1840-1926)‘Impression- Sunrise’ 1872
How is complementary colour used here?
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Different strokes used to paint‘Impression sunrise’
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Aerial Perspective- note how the 3 boats become lighter in tone
Claude Monet 1840-1926
What is the dominant theme?What type of brushstroke is used?How is the light captured?
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Stacks of Wheat 1890 courtesy Chicago Institute of Art
Water lily Pond 1900
Branch of the Seine 1897
Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
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ebImg_000129/44322_1320173.jpgHow is the countryside portrayed?
Camille Pissarro 1830-1903
1. How does Pissarro treat the weather conditions?
2. Discuss his use of perspective3. How are the figures portrayed?
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Stage Coach 1870
Orchard 1872
Hoarfrost 1873
Edgar Degas 1843-1917 http://w
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allet/degas.ballet-rehearsal.jpg ‘The Rehearsal’1875
Why did Degas chose to paint dancers so much?
Edgar Degas 1843-1917
1. What lifestyle is portrayed here?2. What is common in all the compositions?
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Absinthe Miss La La
At the Races 1872
Berthe Morisot 1841-1895List 3 features that indicate this is an Impressionist work
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1. What is the common theme?2. Describe her use of brushstroke
3. Is there an emotional quality to these paintings? What is it?
Berthe Morisot 1841-1895
On the Balcony
The Cradle In a Park 1874
August Renoir 1841-1919
The Umbrellas 1861-68
Two types of
brushstroke appear here, explain
Discuss the use of
complementary colour
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August Renoir 1841-1919
http://ww
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1.These paintings have leisure for a theme how does Renoir convey this?2.How does he create light in these images3 Discuss his treatment of the face
Luncheon of the Boating Party 1881
La Loge 1874
The Swing 1886
Mary Cassatt 1844-1926 ‘Summertime’ 1893-94
Describe how the artist rendered the waves and the shadow cast by the boat?
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Mary Cassatt 1844-1926h
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1. What is the common theme?2. Discuss the use of colour?
La Loge 1882
’The Bath’ 1893
Alfred Sisley 1839-1899
’The Flood at Port Malay’ 1886
http://en.wikip
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lfred_S
isley
This artist is famous for landscapes what do think is the appeal of landscapes?
Alfred Sisley 1839-1899http://w
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1.How does the artist use colour to convey the Seasons?2.These paintings are called…………
Autumn Banks of the Seine 1863
...take 1 Impressionist painting Common factors
Everyday scene Loose open brushwork Pale ground Captures the play of
sun light through the steam
Use of complementary colours i.e. blue/orange
Gare St. Lazare
By Monet
….take 1 Impressionist painting Light and Figures
Dappled light created by Pale ground (canvas) Loose open brushstroke The shadows are
reflected light greens/ blues
The figures are at leisure, a common theme among the Impressionists
A momentary glimpse. figures are not posing ‘The Swing’ 1886 Renoir
…take 1 Impressionist paintingFemale artists Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot Themes were of intimate
family /friendship moments
Figures were not idealised but contemporarily represented
Similar technique for colour and brushwork
‘The Bath’ 1893 Mary Cassatt
…..take 1 impressionist painting Composition and colour
Unusual perspective cropped scene diagonal focus -
energy Costume is pale blue
against the orange interior i.e. use of complementary colours
green interior architecture against the red-use of contrasting colours
Miss La La
Degas
... take the WORD ImpressionismIMPRESSIONISM
Industrial revolution ,instantaneous light
Monet, Eduard Manet, Modern era of 1860s, 70s 80s
Photography, Paris ,Pleasure seeking, Poppy seed oil
Rendering sunlight and shadow, rebelling conventions ,railways
Exhibitions 1874, eight (8) in total
Salon des Refuses
Spectrum colours
Invention of metal tube for carrying paint
Optical mixing
New subjects-Boating, Dancing, Night club (Moulin Rouge)
Interest in Complementary colours
Square headed brush, Shadows of coloured light
Mechanised grinding of colour
Resources
http://www.nga.gov/education/classroom/france/picfrance_1.pdf http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/ http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/home.html http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/search?
q=IMPRESSIONIST+PAINTINGS&filter=paintings excellent zoomable imageshttp:
//www.rodinmuseum.org/ ‘A Guide to Art’ ed Sandro Sproccati ( Little Brown and Co.) ‘Techniques of the Impressionists’ Anthea Callan (Tiger Books)
Acknowledgements
Art Associates Maria Moore
Margaret O’Shea
Local Facilitator TeamAine Andrews
Joe CaslinJane Campbell
Siobhan CampbellNiamh O’Donoghue
Niamh O’NeillKeith O’Rahilly
Sheena McKeonTony MorrisseyMonica White
Many thanks to the following for their invaluable contribution to the European Art History and Appreciation series of workshops and resource materials.
PDST Professional Development Service for Teachers
PDST Professional Development Service for Teachers
The PDST is funded by the Department of Education and
Skills under the National Development Plan 2007 -
2013
Cultural & Environmental Education
Professional Development Service for Teachers (PDST)Dublin West Education Centre,
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National Co-ordinatorConor Harrison
Mobile: 087 240 5710E-mail: [email protected]
AdministratorAngie Grogan
Tel: 014528018 Fax: 014528010E-mail: [email protected].