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Rear Detachment Commander

Computer-Based Training

Module 12: FORCE PROTECTION



Table of Contents1. FORCE PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. FORCE PROTECTION CONDITIONS: R ESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................... 1

1.1.1. Force Protection Posture ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1.2.

Homeland Security Advisory System ...................................................................................... 2

1.1.3. Actions and Responsibilities................................................................................................... 2

1.1.4. Force Protection Briefings ..................................................................................................... 3

1.2. FORCE PROTECTION CONDITIONS: CRITERIA.................................................................................. 3

1.2.1. Force Protection Awareness................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Reference ................................................................................................................................ 5

1.3. THE KEY POINTS FROM FORCE PROTECTION POSTURE:.......................................................... 6



1. FORCE PROTECTION

To enable Rear Detachment Commanders to demonstrate the performance steps required to explain the RDC's responsibilities during Force Protection

conditions, and outline criteria concerning Force Protection conditions.

1.1. Force Protection Conditions: Responsibilities

Sources:

http://at-awareness.org/ Antiterrorism Brief, Level 1

Resources for the RDC:

TRADOC Reg 525-13, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command(TRADOC) Force Protection Program (FPP)

AR 190-51, Security of Unclassified Army Property

AR 525-13, Antiterrorism Force Protection: Security of Personnel, Information, and

Critical Resources

FM 101-5, Staff Organization and Operations

FM 41-10, Civil Affairs Operations

JP 3-07.2, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Antiterrorism

1.1.1. Force Protection Posture

Force Protection Conditions used by Department of Defense

United States’ military facilities use a variety of protective measures to reducevulnerability to terrorist attack. These measures are organized in a system called

Force Protection Conditions, or FPCONs. As the threat of attack changes, the FPCONchanges to protect Department of Defense (DoD) service members, civilians, and

family members.

The routine security measures at a specific installation are called FPCON Normal.

Although terrorists could attack at any time, the best information available indicates

only routine security measures are needed.

Commanders design protective measures appropriate for the local situation. They

can apply additional protective measures and move to a higher FPCON as needed.

FPCON Alpha applies when there is a general threat of possible terrorist activity,but the nature and extent of the threat is unpredictable. FPCON Alpha measures maybe sustained indefinitely.

Commanders take steps to increase awareness and limit access to military facilities.

Response procedures are reviewed and random checks are increased.

Rear Detachment Commander Course

You can expect random vehicle checks and enhanced crime prevention efforts. When

the FPCON increases, you should be alert for suspicious activity and reduce your

personal exposure.

http://at-awareness.org/

http://at-awareness.org/



FPCON Bravo applies when an increased or more predictable threat of terrorist

activity exists. Sustaining FPCON Bravo measures for a prolonged period may affect

operational capability and impact relations with the local community.

In addition to FPCON Alpha measures, commanders will increase ID checks and

inspections of facilities, deliveries, and packages. Some traffic will be restricted andvehicle barriers emplaced.

You can expect to experience some delays due to ID checks and vehicle inspections.

There will be more guards on your installation, and you may receive specialinstructions or duties to enhance security. You should be extra alert, limit public

exposure, and think about personal plans in the case of an incident.

FPCON Charlie applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating

that some form of terrorist action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely.

FPCON Charlie measures will create hardship and affect the activities of the unit andits personnel.

In FPCON Charlie, commanders continue all FPCON Bravo measures and furtherrestrict access to military facilities, increase barriers against vehicle attacks, and

increase random security patrols.In addition to inconvenient delays, you can expect special instructions and additional

duties to support unit security. For example, be prepared for extra security checks

and emergency response drills. You should significantly limit after work activities,reduce public exposure, and review personal emergency action plans.

FPCON Delta applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred orwhen intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a specific location or

person is imminent. FPCON Delta is declared as a local condition and, because itdisrupts normal operations, is not intended to be sustained for substantial periods.

In FPCON Delta, commanders bring their units to a high state of alert, and manymission activities are delayed or canceled. All nonessential activities and movements

are suspended, and resources are focused on defense against attack. FPCON Deltais rare, and, if it occurs, you should expect to suspend normal activities and adopt analert, defensive posture. Immediately check with your leadership for

instructions.

1.1.2. Homeland Security Advisory System

In March 2002, the Homeland Security Advisory System was created tobetter inform the American public of changes in the threat of domestic

terrorism. This five-level color code system is adjusted at both nationaland local levels based on intelligence and law enforcement information.

The Homeland Security Advisory System applies only to the United

States and its territories. It is distinct from the military-oriented ForceProtection Conditions and Defense Intelligance Agency (DIA) Threat

Levels; however, like the military systems, it may trigger additionalsecurity measures at Federal buildings and increased law enforcement

activity.

1.1.3. Actions and Responsibilities


There is no more important responsibility than force protection. It is an

inherent command responsibility and must be fully integrated into every unit's



mission. A commander must continually review his unit's force-protection posture

and crosswalk it with current and changing policy and threat levels. Force protection

demands the personal involvement of commanders to ensure the best possiblesecurity consistent with the threat to personnel and mission-essential resources.

(Source: AR 525-13)

Force protection consists of those actions that prevent or mitigate hostile actions

against DoD personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical

information. It coordinates and synchronizes offensive and defensive measures toenable the joint force to perform while degrading opportunities for the enemy. It

includes air, space, and missile defense; nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) defense;antiterrorism; defensive-information operations; and security to operational forces

and means.

The G-3 of each installation will be able to provide a contact for the RDC when it

comes to Force Protection. It is a joint effort between the installation and the major

commands. Be sure to follow the guidance of higher headquarters when fulfillingRDC duties as it pertains to Force Protection.

1.1.4. Force Protection Briefings

Sources: US Army 81st RSC, Force Protection Brief

Resources for the RDC:

See the Army Training Support Center ( www.atsc.army.mil ) for information on ForceProtection.

Relevant materials include:

Training Support Package 071-T-3412, Force Protection

Special Text, 2-91.2, Intelligence Support to the Installation Commander’s

Antiterrorism (AT) and Force Protection (FP) Programs

Training 331-305-2051, Prepare a Force Protection Plan

The G-3 of each installation will be able to provide a contact for the RDC when itcomes to Force Protection. It is a joint effort between the installation and the major

commands. Be sure to follow the guidance of higher headquarters when fulfilling

RDC duties as it pertains to Force Protection.

1.2. Force Protection Conditions: Criteria

1.2.1. Force Protection Awareness


The RDC is responsible for promoting Force Protection awareness. Department of

Defense (DoD) policy requires that all DoD military and civilian personnel andsupporting defense contractors receive an Antiterrorism/Force Protection (AT/FP)

briefing before travel to any destination outside the United States (except Guam andMidway Island). DoD contractors are to provide their personnel working on contracts

outside the United States with AT/FP awareness information commensurate with that

which DoD provides to its military and civilian personnel and their families.

http://www.atsc.army.mil/

http://www.atsc.army.mil/



If the travel is to a moderate, significant, or high-threat area, DoD requires that the

AT/FP briefing be supplemented by a recent update on threats in the specific area of

travel. Updated threat information on specific countries is readily available from theState Department. On the Internet, go http://travel.state.gov, and then click on

Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. Country-specific threatinformation is also available from the State Department by telephone at (202) 647-

5225 or by fax at (202) 647-3000.

For additional information on DoD policy and procedures, see the Department of Defense antiterrorism assistance web site at www.dtic.mil/jcs/force_protection. This

site includes links to commander-in-chief (CINC) and/or theater-specificrequirements.

Although antiterrorism training cannot guarantee safety, it will make personnel moreaware of surroundings, help to avoid becoming a terrorist target, and improve the

chances of emerging unharmed if targeted.

The DoD defines "antiterrorism" as "defensive measures used to reduce thevulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts." This is distinct from

"counterterrorism," which refers to "offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and

respond to terrorism.”

Both are part of the DoD concept of "force protection," which brings together all the

security disciplines in a broader program to protect service members, civilianemployees, family members, facilities, and equipment.

The DoD uses a standardized set of terms to describe the Terrorism Threat Level ineach country. These terms are Low, Moderate, Significant, and High. The Defense

Intelligence Agency (DIA) also sets the Terrorism Threat Level for each countrybased on analysis of all available information.

Commanders at all levels use the DIA Terrorism Threat Level plus their own threatanalyses as a basis for developing plans and programs to protect assets within their

area of responsibility. These are called Force Protection Conditions. A Force

Protection Condition is a set of specific security measures promulgated by thecommander after considering a variety of factors including the threat level, current

events that might increase the risk, observed suspicious activities, etc.

There is a graduated series of Force Protection Conditions, or FPCONs, ranging from

FPCON Normal to FPCON Delta. There is a process by which commanders at all levelscan raise or lower the FPCONs based on local conditions, specific threat information

and/or guidance from higher headquarters. The four FPCONs above normal are:

FPCON Alpha: This condition applies when there is a general threat of possible

terrorist activity against personnel and facilities, the nature and extent of which are

unpredictable, and circumstances do not justify full implementation of FPCON Bravomeasures. The measures in this FPCON must be capable of being maintained

indefinitely.

FPCON Bravo: This condition applies when an increased and more predictable

threat of terrorist activity exists. The measures in this FPCON must be capable of being maintained for weeks without causing undue hardship, affecting operational

capability, and aggravating relations with local authorities.


FPCON Charlie: This condition applies when an incident occurs or intelligence isreceived indicating some form of terrorist action against personnel and facilities is

imminent. Implementation of measures in this FPCON for more than a short period

http://travel.state.gov/

http://www.dtic.mil/jcs/force_protection

http://www.dtic.mil/jcs/force_protection

http://travel.state.gov/



probably will create hardship and affect the peacetime activities of the unit and its

personnel.

FPCON Delta: This condition applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attackhas occurred or when intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a

specific location or person is likely. Normally, this FPCON is declared as a localizedcondition.

Terrorist incidents over the years show a trend toward ever-increasing numbers of

attacks and sophistication in methods. Such actions occur rather routinely in someparts of the world, and almost anyone can become a potential victim. The attacks on

the World Trade Center and Pentagon have shown that these attacks can occurwithin the United States as well.

On March 3, 1998, Islamic terrorist financier Osama bin Laden issued an anti-

American "fatwa," or religious ruling, in which all Muslims were openly invited toundertake terrorist attacks against American civilians and allied interests worldwide.

This "fatwa" does not differentiate between Americans dressed in military uniformsand civilians. We are all targets. The stated goal is to send the bodies of Americans

home "in wooden boxes and coffins."

All personnel, especially those who travel regularly, must take the threat of terrorism

seriously. It is now clear that no U.S. outpost or installation can be considered a low

security risk. All U.S. Government employees and supporting contractors are urgedto intensify personal security practices while on travel outside the U.S.

1.2.2. Reference

1. Information in this module is from the following sources: Joint Staff Guide

5260, Service Member's Personal Protection Guide: A Self-Help Handbook to

Combating Terrorism.

Publications of the Overseas Security Advisory Council, a joint venturebetween State Department and private sector security professionals designedto exchange security-related information pertaining to foreign travel.

Antiterrorism briefing developed by Space and Naval Warfare Systems

Command and available at www.spawar.navy.mil/sandiego/security/FP-AT,and DoD Instruction 2000.16, DoD Antiterrorism Standards.


2. DoD Directive 2000.12, DoD Antiterrorism/Force Protection (AT/FP) Program.

http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sandiego/security/FP-AT

http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sandiego/security/FP-AT



1.3. The key points from FORCE PROTECTION POSTURE:

FPCON Alpha applies when there is a general threat of possible terrorist activity,but the nature and extent of the threat is unpredictable. FPCON Alpha measures may

be sustained indefinitely.

FPCON Bravo applies when an increased or more predictable threat of terrorist

activity exists. Sustaining FPCON Bravo measures for a prolonged period may affectoperational capability and impact relations with the local community.

FPCON Charlie applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicatingsome form of terrorist action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely.

FPCON Charlie measures will create hardship and affect the activities of the unit and

its personnel.

FPCON Delta applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or

when intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a specific location orperson is imminent. FPCON Delta is declared as a local condition and, because it

disrupts normal operations, is not intended to be sustained for substantial periods.

The key points from FORCE PROTECTION BRIEFINGS:

Executing Force Protection responsibilities

Coordinating Force Protection briefings

Identifying mandatory and suggested Force Protection briefings

The G-3 of each installation will be able to provide a contact for the RDC when itcomes to Force Protection. It is a joint effort between the installation and the major

commands. Be sure to follow the guidance of higher headquarters when fulfilling

RDC duties as it pertains to Force Protection.

The key points from FORCE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS:

The RDC is responsible for:

Identifying Force Protection requirements for unofficial group travel

Explaining in loco parentis scenarios

Explaining post privileges

Explaining visitation for on-post housing

Explaining vehicle registration and insurance requirements

Explaining installation access

Promoting Force Protection awareness

Training is available at https://atlevel1.dtic.mil/at/


https://atlevel1.dtic.mil/at/

https://atlevel1.dtic.mil/at/

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