Looking at destinations to explain walking and cycling: the case of the multiple locations of the University of Lisbon

David S. ValeMauro PereiraCláudia M. Viana

dvale@fa.ulisboa.pt

Built Environment and Travel

BUILT ENVIRONMENT Density Intensity Diversity Land use mix Design Street Connectivity Routes Safety Aesthetics Topography

Active Travel

DEMOGRAPHICS Age Gender Income (..)

Psicho-social Atitudes

MOBILITY MANAGEMENT Parking availability Parking cost PT Supply (etc.)

ACCESSIBILITY Origins Destinations Routes Several modes

TRAVEL Travel mode Travel time Travel distance Travel frequency

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The campuses of the University of Lisbon

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The campuses of the University of LisbonPOLO DA AJUDA

ISEG

IST

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The University of LisbonTravel Survey

Initial sample: 2037Georeferenced: 1963

90.6% travel 3 or more times per week>> Final sample: 1767 individuals

1390 Students100 PhD / Researchers156 Professors121 Staff

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Travel patternsMean = 42.5 minStDev = 31.43 min

Mean = 2.34StDev = 1.38

18%

37%

66%

TRAVEL TIME

NUMBER OF TRAVEL STEPS TRAVEL DISTANCE

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Travel patternsAlternative travel mode

no alternative mode for:

59.4% Walkers60.1% PT users57.3% Car drivers

PT is alternative mode for:

75.9% car passengers35.4% Car drivers

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1) What’s the impact of the employment status?

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TRAVEL TIMEEmployment Status

Student45.3 min

Professor26.2 min

PhD / Researcher34.2 min

Staff38.9 min

Mean42.5 min

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Student18% Walk

54% PT

Professor9% Walk

81.4% Car driver

PhD / Researcher16% Walk41% PT31% Car driver

Staff10% Walk34% PT46% Car driver

TRAVEL MODEEmployment Status

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TRAVEL DISTANCEEmployment Status

Professor20% up to 4 km44% up to 7 km

PhD / Researcher23% up to 4 km54% up to 7 km

Staff9% up to 4 km30% up to 7 km

Student18% up to 4 km36% up to 7 km

18% up to 4 km37% up to 7 km

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2) What’s the impact of the location of the campus?

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Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH

Polo Ajuda IST ISA*

FBA*

* Only students

TRAVEL TIMECampus ULisboaMean

42.5 min

44.7

44.1

40.6

28.7

27.5

44.6

47.3Smaller Travel Time: IST (Center, Good PT accessibility) FMH (Periphery, Bad PT accessibility)

>> Smaller travel distance?>> Mode change to reduce time?

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TRAVEL DISTANCECampus ULisboa

Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH

Polo Ajuda IST ISA*

FBA*

* Only students

18% up to 4 km37% up to 7 km

16.034.9

11.534.6

24.138.6

43.865.0

23.130.0

16.227.0

14.346.4

Smaller Travel Distance: IST (Center, Good PT accessibility)

Reduced number of walking distance residents: Polo da Ajuda (Periphery, Bad PT accessibility)

>> Mode change to reduce time?

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Location of residential place - Kernel density

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Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH

Polo Ajuda IST ISA*

FBA*

* Only students

Location of residential placeKernel density

By different campuses

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TRAVEL MODECampus ULisboa

* Only students

More car drivers: Polo da Ajuda + FMH

More walkers: IST + ISEG

More PT users: FBA

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3) What explains active travel commuting?Logistic model (Active Travel = 1)5 campuses only (staff and student data: 1474 sample)

Independent Variables BUILT ENVIRONMENT (6) Density: Number of dwellings Number of residents Diversity: Number of POI Variety of POI types Design Pedestrian shed ratio Average Link Length

FCA

500

met

ers n

etw

ork

ACCESSIBILITY (4) Has Metro < 500 m (01) Has Train < 800 m (01) Number of Stops

FCA example

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Walkability Index(z-score)

Accessibility index (0-1 normalization)

Free Parking (dummy)

only for campus

SOCIO-ECONOMIC (9) Gender Age (5 classes) Household size Number of years @Ulisboa Has a car (dummy) Has Drivers license (dummy) Buys PT monthly ticket (dummy) Has PT card (dummy)

Logistic model (active travel=1)

Final remarks• Staff and students: different travel patterns

– specific policies for different groups– small bicycle commuting overall

• Staff: increase multimodal accessibility of campuses– Reveal possibility of choice

• Students: decrease travel distance– Struggling with travel time, consequence of poor multimodal accessibility

• Carrots and sticks package of tools required– Transform campuses into TODs, increasing their multimodal accessibility and

integration in the city– Provision of student accommodation near campuses