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Overview Of C

Programming

Overview Of C

Programming

Niranjana.S.Karandikar

MSc-I

Roll No.12



Contents• Introduction

• Compiler vs Interpreter

• Basic structure of a C program

• Data Type

• Functions

• Operators

• Decision Making Statements

• Loops

• Arrays

• Pointers



Introduction• C was invented to write an operating system calledUNIX.

• C is a successor of B language, which wasintroduced around 1970.

• The language was formalized in 1988 by the

American Nationa Stan ar Institute. ANSI .

• The UNIX OS was totally written in C by 1973.

• Today, C is the most widely used and popular System

Programming Language.• Most of the state-of-the-art softwares have been

implemented using C.

• Today's most ][popular Linux OS and RBDMSMySQL have been written in C.



Compiler vs Interpretor• Compiler:

Source Code Object Code

• Interpreter reads the source code of your program one line

at a time,performing the specific instructions

contained in that line



Keywords• The following list shows the reserved words

in C. These reserved words may not be used

as constant or variable or any other.



auto double int struct

break else long switch

case enum register typedef

char extern short union

const float signed unsigned

continue for return void

default goto Size of volatile

do if static while



Data Types• A set of values that a variable can store

along with a set of operations that can be

performed on that variable.

char

int

float ----06 digits of precision

double -–10 digits of precision



operators Arithmatic Operators

o Operator Action

• – Subtraction

• +

• * Multiplication

• / Division

• % Modulus• –– Decrement

• ++ Increment



Relational Operators

• Relational Operators

o Operator Action

•

> Greater than =

• < Less than

• <= Less than or equal

• = = Equal

• != Not equal



Logical Operators

• Operator Action

• && AND

• | | OR• ! NOT



Decision making statements



if

Syntax

if(boolean_expression)

{

/* statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true */

}



if...else statement• Syntaxif(boolean_expression)

{

/* statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true */

}

else

{

/* statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is false */

}



if...else if...else Statement

if(boolean_expression 1)

{

/* Executes when the boolean expression 1 is true */

}

else if( boolean_expression 2)

{* *

}

else if( boolean_expression 3)

{

/* Executes when the boolean expression 3 is true */

}else

{

/* executes when the none of the above condition is true */

}



Nested if statements

if( boolean_expression 1)

{

/* Executes when the boolean expression 1 is

true */

oo ean_express on

{

/* Executes when the boolean expression 2 is

true */}

}



switch statement

switch(expression){

case constant-expression :

statement(s);

break; /* optional */

case constant-ex ression :

statement(s);

break; /* optional */

/* you can have any number of case statements */

default : /* Optional */statement(s);

}



Loops

Break and Continue



while loop in C

• A while loop statement in C programminglanguage repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is

true.

• Syntax

while(condition)

{

statement(s);

}



for loop

• A for loop is a repetition controlstructure that allows you to efficientlywrite a loop that needs to execute a

specific number of times.

•

for ( init; condition; increment )

{

statement(s);

}



do...while loop

• A do...while loop is similar to a while loop,except that a do...while loop is guaranteedto execute at least one time.

•

Syntax

{

statement(s);

}while( condition );



Arrays

• An array is used to store a collection of

data, but it is often more useful to think

of an array as a collection of variables of

.



• To declare an array in C, a programmer

specifies the type of the elements and thenumber of elements required by an array as

follows:

Type arrayName [ arraySize ];

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

{

int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */



Pointers

• Pointers are aptly name: they "point" to

locations in memory.

•

Syntax <varia e_type> <name>;



#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int x; /* A normal integer*/

int *p; /* A pointer to an integer ("*p" is aninteger, so p must be a pointer to an integer) */

= &x * Read it "assi n the address of x to " *

scanf( "%d", &x ); /* Put a value in x, we couldalso use p here */

printf( "%d\n", *p ); /* Note the use of the * to

get the value */getchar();

}



References

• Balguruswami, Programming with C

• Mc Graw-Hill-C-The Complete reference

•Ritchie,R.,The C Programming

Language,1988

• http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramm

ing/cprogramming_tutorial.pdf

• http://www.cprogramming.com/

• http://www.howstuffworks.com/c.htm



Thank Youhank You



Questions?????uestions?????

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