BIOMASY

CLIMOGRAMAS

ClimogramasGrficas que representan los climas

de diferentes zonas de la tierra

Temperatura en eleje de la izquierda Precipitaciones endoble escala que las

temperaturas

Meses del ao:

de enero a diciembre en el hemisferio norte de julio a junio en el hemisferio sur

Curva deprecipitaciones

Curva detemperaturas

La curva deprecipitaciones quedapor debajo de la detemperaturas

Curva deprecipitaciones porencima

TerrestrialBiome A large, relatively

distinct terrestrialregion withcharacteristic Climate Soil Plants Animals Interacting

landscapes

Mapa de Biomas terrestres

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Terrestrial Biomes

Terrestrial biomes appear as broadlatitudinal bands

Distribution determined by Temperature (growing season) Moisture (precipitation versus potential

evaporation) Sunlight (latitude and local climate)

Tropical Rain Forest

[Insert entire Figure 7.10]

Tropical Rain Forest

Located within 10 of the equator Warm temperatures (25-27C) and heavy

rainfall (2-4 meters per year) Warm, not hot-much heat is dissipated by

evaporating water. Leaves are large to catch sunlight, not

worried about water loss. Amazon Rain forest, but some found in

Africa and Asia.

Tropical Dry Forest

[Insert entire Figure 7.11]

Tropical Dry Forest

Get a lot of rainfall, but it is seasonal. Large Tropical Dry forest on Madagascar. Temperatures stay warm all year round.

Tropical Savannas

[Insert entire Figure 7.12]

Tropical Savannas

Warm temperatures, but less amounts ofrainfall.

The seasonality is more extreme, veryshort rainy season, long dry season.

Lightning strikes ignite large fires, butgrasses regrow quickly.

Deserts

[Insert entire Figure 7.13]

Deserts

Cant define by temperature, some desertsnever get hotter than 70.

Cant define by precipitation alone, somedeserts get 11 inches a year, similar to that of atropical savanna.

The only definition that works is a place wherepotential evaporation of water exceeds annualprecipitation.

Minimum vegetation, huge areas of sand androck.

Mediterranean Woodland andScrubland

[Insert entire Figure 7.14]

Mediterranean Woodland andScrubland

Winters are mild, but summers are hot anddry.

Support a limited amount of trees, butdoes support a variety of shrubs.

Fires are common.

Temperate Grasslands

[Insert entire Figure 7.15]

Temperate Grasslands

The Great Plains of North America is agreat example.

Hot summers, and long cold winters. Big range of precipitation. Lots of grasses, shortgrass prairies,

longgrass prairies, all susceptible to fire.

Temperate Forests

[Insert entire Figure 7.16]

Temperate Forests

Receive enough rainfall that they cansupport a large number of trees.

However have a short growing season dueto a long winter.

This is why trees have evolveddeciduousness. Low light in winter, not much sense in

photosynthesis Stops loss of water through leaves.

Boreal Forest

[Insert entire Figure 7.17]

Boreal Forests

Supports trees because the cold preventsthe water from evaporating.

These forests tend to support evergreens. Extreme temperature variations, the

warmest day can be 200 degrees (F)hotter than the coldest day.

Tundra

[Insert entire Figure 7.18]

Tundra

Covered in low lying plants like mossesand lichens, grasses.

No Trees. Tend to see large animals with lots of

body fat.

CARACTERSTICASDE LOS BIOMAS

TERRESTRES

PRECIPITACIN Y PRODUCTIVIDADPRIMARIA

CARACTERSTICASDE LOS BIOMAS

ACUTICOS

Aquatic Biomes

Salinity Temperature Availability of

Light Availability of

Oxygen Availability of

Nutrients

Figure 7.19

Saltwater

OceansCan be divided into 2 main lifezones1. Photic zone- sunlightpenetrates2. Aphotic zone- NO sunlight

Photic Zone- above 200m Made up of theeuphotic &disphotic zones

Sunlight penetrates

Plant life and animallife is abundant

Aphotic Zone- below 200m Sunlight DOES NOTpenetrate

There are no plants

Animal life is highlyspecialized

Aphotic Zone- below 200m Many of thedenizens of thedeep ocean havea specialadaptation knownasbioluminescence

Estuaries[Insert entire Figure 7.22]

Estuaries are highly variable.

With estuaries you get a mix of salt waterand fresh water, high temperature andlow temperature.

Wetlands Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are

submerged under water at least part of theyear.

Soils are soaked with water, and very low indissolved oxygen. Marshes, swamps, bogs Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals that passes through

them Can be used as part of a treatment system for waste water

Important breeding, feeding, and resting grounds forwaterfowl.

HUMEDALES una zona de tierras, generalmente planas, en la que la superficie se

inunda permanente o intermitentemente, al cubrirse regularmente deagua, el suelo se satura, quedando desprovisto de oxgeno y dandolugar a un ecosistema hbrido entre los puramente acuticos y losterrestres

PANTANOS CINAGA MS SP ARBREAS MANGLAR

MARISMAS MAYORMENTE HERBCEAS

Esquema de clasificacin ecolgica de organismos de agua dulceReferencia: J. Marcano, Ecologa y Educacin Ambiental

Photic zone: top layer; receives enough sunlightfor photosynthesis to occur.

Aphotic zone: below the photic zone. Sunlight doesnot reach this zone.

Benthic zone: the floor of a body of water

Lakes

Studied by limnologists. Many layers, some with high primary net

production, such as the surface. Deeper darker areas of the lake are

colder and support less life.

Estratificacin Trmica de lagos

Benthic community Live on bottom

Scavengers, depend upon a steady rain of organicmaterial that drifts down from the top.

Decomposers are also part of this community

Standing-Water Organisms

FIN

AGREGADOS

Zona Ecuatorial: clima ecuatorial

Uniformemente clido y hmedo:

T entre los 25-27 C todo el ao

Precipitaciones abundantes todo el ao

reas representativas:

Cuenca del Amazonas en sudamrica

Cuenca del Congo en frica

Zona tropical: clima tropical

Alternancia de dos estaciones:

Una hmeda: ms lluviosa a medida quenos acercamos al ecuador

Otra seca: periodo ms fro

Sudeste asitico ( India, Indochina, Bangladeh):

Latitudes propias de zonas desrticas

Clima tropical de rgimen monznico:

Monzn lluvioso en verano lluviasms abundantes que en el tropicalpropiamente dicho

reas representativas: Amrica Central, Sudamrica, Islas del Caribe,Filipinas, Birmania, India, Bangladesh, frica Central y OccidentalNordeste de Australia

Zona subtropical seca: climasubtropical seco

Clima de gran aridez

Fuertes oscilaciones trmicas diarias yanuales

Precipitaciones muy escasas todo el ao

En los bordes de los desiertos lasprecipitaciones son algo mayores climade estepa subtropical

reas representativas: frica (Sahara),Oriente Prximo (Arabia, Irn, Irak,Jordania), Sudoeste de EEUU, norte deMxico y parte meridional de Australia

Zona de transicin a la zonatemplada: Clima mediterrneo

En las fachadas occidentales de loscontinentes

Transicin del subtropical seco alocenico.

Invierno lluvioso no muy fro y veranoseco y clido.

reas representativas: reasmediterrneas (Espaa, Italia, Grecia,norte de frica), oeste de EEUU(California), centro de Chile, extremosudoccidental de Sudfrica y deAustralia.

Zona de transicin a la zonatemplada: clima tipo chino

En las fachadas orientales de loscontinentes.

En latitudes semejantes o ms bajasque el clima mediterrneo tambinllamado clima subtropical hmedo

Transicin del tropical hmedo ycontinental de latitudes medias

No hay sequa estival: en veranociclones tropicales dejan abundanteslluvias, a veces devastadoras

reas representativas: Este de Asia (China, sur de Japn), EEUU,Brasil y Australia

Zona de transicin a la zonatemplada: Clima continental seco

Tambin llamado clima de estepas ydesiertos de latitudes medias.

En reas continentales interiores, lejosde la influencia martima.

Pocas precipitaciones.

Zonas de estepas y semidesiertos

reas representativas: semidesiertos delinterior de EEUU y Eurasia, estepas deleste de Europa, desierto del Gobi, laPatagonia.

Zona templada: clima ocenico

Fachada occidental de los continentes

Lluvias todo el ao, especialmente eninvierno

Oscilaciones trmicas pequeas por lainfluencia del ocano.

reas representativas: Oeste deEuropa, (Reino Unido, Francia, costaoccidental ibrica). En Norteamrica ySudamrica las Montaas Rocosas y losAndes limitan este clima a la franjacostera en el NO de EEUU y Canad, ysur de Chile. En Oceana; Nueva Zelandae islas de Tasmania.

Zona templada: climacontinental hmedo

El clima continental es exclusivo delhemisferio norte.

Fuertes oscilaciones trmicas anuales

Precipitaciones ms abundantes en elverano.

reas representativas: en las zonas msorientales de los continentes: Europacentral y oriental, nordeste de EEUU, sur deCanad, norte de China y norte de Japn

Zona templada: climacontinental boreal o subrtico

Igual al continental hmedo, pero en reascontinentales de latitud media ms alta

Las condiciones de continentalidad sonextremas:

inviernos largos y rigurosos

veranos cortos y fros

la amplitud trmica puede llegar a los 60 C

pocas precipitaciones en forma de nieve eninvierno

Las lluvias del verano modera lastemperaturas

reas representativas: Alaska, Canad, Norte deEuropa hasta el Pacfico, pasando por Siberia

Zona polar: clima subpolar

Inviernos largos, oscuros y muy fros

suelo permanentemente helado:permafrost

Veranos sin noches: tres meses en losque la temperatura apenas alcanza los10C

Precipitaciones distribuidas a lo largo detodo el ao: nieve en invierno, aguanieveen verano.

reas representativas: bordescontinentales del norte de Eurasia,Canad y Alaska, en las islas antrticas yen las franjas costeras de Groenlandia.

Zona polar: clima glacial

Temperatura siempre inferiores a 0C

Precipitaciones, siempre de nieve, muyescasas

Suelo permanentemente cubierto dehielo.

reas representativas: La Antrtida,interior de Groenlandia, y glaciaresmartimos del rtico