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rrr+vlmagcwjetpkac+felOpgmaw Mdf+2#0>10 _ec XGG#Dmg}gek 7?

V]DL FDCC PDVDAPFHV]A]D ^ABD 4

@PEKFEV V]EL^PAGMDPV 0?,16

V^EP]V ^ABD 11

AK TKDX^DF]DMMGVA^^EGK]LDK]

RDDIDKM JETPKAC ABD 1?

PD^EP] VAWV FACGOEPKGA ABDKFW KDDMV E_DPHATC

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Dv}a`cgvhdm: 17=7

@w Lgfhdccd MtpakmMAGCW JETPKAC V]AOO

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Gk }hd kdx} }hpdd wdapv# hetvgkbtkg}v apd dx~df}dm }e v~gid av capbd,vfacd ~pejdf}v cgid }hd IagvdpLdmgfac Fdk}dp pd`tgcm acve fikgvht~+ Rhgcd fel~cd}gek rgcc `pgkb g}verk ~apigkb kddmv# ftppdk} fek,v}ptf}gek gv fpgl~gkb cglg}dm aagc,a`gcg}w merk}erk `dfatvd `d}rddk6>> akm 4>> repidpv kddm v~e}v oep}hdgp dhgfcdv a} akw bgdk }gld+

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G}v }hd beem akm `am eo `dgkbvtffdvvotc# Felltkg}w

Mddce~ldk} Mgpdf}ep @gcc Dihdpk}ecm }hd Fg}w Fetkfgc a} g}v pdfdk}ldd}gkb+

He~gkb }e veo}dk }hd dxgv}gkbfhaccdkbdv akm ~pd~apd oep t~fel,gkb mddce~ldk}v# }hd fg}w gv ceei,gkb a} rawv }e bd} et} ahdam eo }hdvg}ta}gek+

Acc fekv}ptf}gek begkb oeprapmltv} had a ~apigkb ~cak }e vdftpd

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Rhgcd }hd Iagvdp dx~akvgek gv~pe`a`cw }hd lev} vgbkgfifak} ~pej,df} merk}erk# Dihdpk vagm }hd fg}wgv acve gk }hd lgmv} eo vddpac e}hdp

Merk}erk ~pejdf}v fpda}d ~apigkb mgcdllaPdmreem Fg}w vtoodpv# `t} `dkdog}v# opel ekbegkb fekv}ptf}gek

@w @gcc Vgcvdpoap`MAGCW JETPKAC V]AOO

Ak 18,wdap,ecm Dav} ^ace Ac}elak rav appdv}dm wdv}dpmaw oep hgv~ap} gk a vhee}gkb ek Hgbhraw 1>1gk @dclek} Vd~}+ 6> }ha} vdk} }hpdd~de~cd }e }hd hev~g}ac# ekd rhe ravvhe} gk }hd hdam+

Dpgf _acdkfga _apbav rav appdv}dmgk Pdmreem Fg}w wdv}dpmaw akm gv`dgkb fhapbdm rg}h ltc}g~cd odcekgdvgkfctmgkb a}}dl~}dm helgfgmd#affepmgkb }e }hd @dclek} ^ecgfdMd~ap}ldk}+

Hd rav }aidk gk}e ftv}emw ek }hd2>> `cefi eo _d}dpakv @etcdapm a}a`et} 1 ~+l+ gk ak e~dpa}gek }ha}gkecdm vddpac cefac car dkoepfd,

ldk} abdkfgdv# affepmgkb }e ~ecgfd+]hgv vtv~df} gv ak dx}pdldcw mak,

bdpetv gkmggmtac akm rd apd~cdavdm }ha} hd hav `ddk }aidk gk}eftv}emw# vagm @dclek} ^ecgfd FhgdoMak MdVlgm}+ ]hd ~evg}gd et},feld }e }hgv gkdv}gba}gek gv mtd }e}hd ~peodvvgekacgvl akm hgbh mdbpddeo fee~dpa}gek `d}rddk acc eo }hdeofifdpv akm abdkfgdv gkecdm+

]hd vhee}gkb epgbgka}dm gk@dclek} kdap }hd Pacv}ek Adktddxg} ek Hgbhraw 1>1+

]hd gkfgmdk} v}ap}dm rhdk }hd gf,}glv rdpd }padcgkb gk a pdm MembdFhapbdp Vd~}+ 6> ek vet}h`etkmHgbhraw 1>1# vet}h eo }hd V}a}d

Appdv} lamdgk Hgbhraw

1>1 vhee}gkbGkfgmdk} vdk} }hpdd }e hev~g}ac

@w @gcc Vgcvdpoap`MAGCW JETPKAC V]AOO

Tk}gc rhecdvacdpv bd} lepd epmdpvoep opdvh Mtkbdkdvv fpa`# a ffdd} eofivhgkb ea}v gk }hd @aw Apda apd vg},}gkb gmcd av `ea} fa~}agkv habbcdrg}h `twdpv edp a ~pgfd+

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]hdw mek} rak} }hd fpa` }e begk}e }hd opddzdp akm }hdwd }ecm tv

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Vdd APPDV]# ^abd 0>

Vdd FPA@# ^abd 0>

Vdd ^APIGKB# ^abd 0>

@w @gcc Vgcvdpoap`MAGCW JETPKAC V]AOO

Ftkhav Fetk}pw Bpefdpw V}epdek Haco Leek @awv Lagk V}pdd} gvdx~dpgdkfgkb a `g} eo a pdgac avkdr erkdp Lapi Ihetpw hav ~t}qtacg}w akm vdpgfd fipv}+

Ihetpw }eei edp }hd hgv}epgf v~e}gk ca}d Jtkd ao}dp Ftkhav }hdk,erkdp Opakfe Fappt``a fcevdm g}vmeepv+ Vgx lek}hv ca}dp# a v}damwv}pdal eo }hd lapid}v oepldp cewacftv}eldpv had oetkm }hdgp raw`afi }e }hd bpefdpw v}epd+

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Kdr erkdp pdgdv Ftkhav

@GCC VGC_DPOAP@%MAGCW JETPKAC

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Vdd FTKHAV# ^abd 0>

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OEP ]HD PDFEPM0 Opgmaw Mdf+2#0>10 ]HDMAGCWJETPKAC

]hd Vak La}de Magcw Jetpkac8>> V+ Fcapdlek} V}+# Vtg}d 01># Vak La}de# FA 7==>0

^t`cgvhdp: Jdppw Cdd Dmg}ep gk Fhgdo: Jek LawvjdppwNvlmagcwjetpkac+fel jekNvlmagcwjetpkac+fel

vlmagcwjetpkac+fel vfpg`m+fel%vlmagcwjetpkac}rg}}dp+fel%vlmagcwjetpkac oafd`eei+fel%vlmagcwjetpkac

^hekd:+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (?4>' 6==,40>> Oax: (?4>' 6==,407>]e Amdp}gvd:+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + amvNvlmagcwjetpkac+felDdk}v: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + facdkmapNvlmagcwjetpkac+felKdrv:+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + kdrvNvlmagcwjetpkac+felMdcgdpw: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + fgpftca}gekNvlmagcwjetpkac+felFapddp: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + gkoeNvlmagcwjetpkac+fel

Av a ~t`cgf vdpgfd#}hd Magcw Jetpkac ~pgk}v e`g}tapgdv eo a~~pexgla}dcw 0>> repmv ep cdvv rg}h a ~he}e ekd }gld ek }hd ma}d eo }hd oalgcwv fheevgkb+]e vt`lg} e`g}tapgdv#dlagcgkoepla}gek acekb rg}h a j~db ~he}e }e kdrvNvlmagcwjetpkac+fel+Opdd e`g}tapgdv apd dmg}dm oep v}wcd#fcapg}w#cdkb}h akm bpallap+Go wet retcm cgid }e had ak e`g}tapw ~pgk}dmlepd }hak ekfd#cekbdp }hak 04> repmv ep rg}het} dmg}gkb#~cdavd vt`lg} ak gkqtgpw }e etp amdp}gvgkb md~ap}ldk} a} amvNvlmagcwjetpkac+fel+

@avid}`acc Hacc eoOaldp Cappw @gpm gv4?+

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Ke ka}gek ddp ham ak aplw capbddketbh }e btapak}dd g} abagkv} a}}afi gk

}gld eo ~dafd ep gkvtpd g} gf}epw gk }gld eo rap+ ^pdvgmdk} Facgk Feecgmbd (1820,1766'

^ecg}gfac~hgceve~hdp KealFhelviw gv 8=+

Vgkbdp AapekFap}dp gv 04+

Gk e}hdp kdrv +++

@gp}hmawv

PDT]DPVA repidp rdcmv v}ddc `apv a} a fekv}ptf}gek vg}d oep a kdr }pagk v}a}gek gk Kgkb`e#Zhdjgakb ~pegkfd#Fhgka+

Opgmaw: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ Hgbhv apetkm ?>+Kep}hrdv} rgkmv 1> }e 14 l~h+Opgmaw kgbh}: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ Cerv gk }hdt~~dp =>v+ Kep}h rgkmv 4 }e 14 l~h+Va}tpmaw: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ Hgbhv apetkm ?>+Kep}h rgkmv 4 }e 14 l~h+Va}tpmaw kgbh}: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ Cerv gk }hdt~~dp =>v+Vtkmaw }hpetbh ]tdvmaw: Lev}cw fcdap+ Hgbhv gk }hd cerdpRdmkdvmaw: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ ^a}fhw oeb gk }hd lepkgkb+ Hgbhv

gk }hd cerdp ?>v+ Kep}hrdv} rgkmv 4 }e 1> l~h+Rdmkdvmaw kgbh}: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ Cerv gk }hd cerdp =>v+Vet}hrdv} rgkmv 4 }e 1> l~h+]htpvmaw: ^ap}cw fcetmw+ Hgbhv gk }hd cerdp ?>v+ Vet}hdav}rgkmv apetkm 4 l~h+++@dfelgkb kep}hrdv} gk }hd ao}dpkeek+]htpvmaw kgbh}: ^ap}cw fcetmw+

Cefac Rda}hdp Oepdfav}Ce}}e

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vdfekm ~cafd9akm Ctfiw V}ap#Ke+0#gk }hgpm ~cafd+

]hd pafd }gld rav fcefidm a} 1:=0+?>+

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fel~akw gk }erk rav A ^G^D MPDAL

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0>10 ]pg`tkd Ldmga Vdpgfdv# Gkf+Acc Pgbh}v Pdvdpdm+

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h}}~:%%rrr+oafd`eei+fel%jtl`cd

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7 7 8

6 17 0= 6 0 =6 ==

Ldba ktl`dp

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1= 18 0= 07 61

Oak}avw Ogd

Magcw }hpdd lgmmaw

8> 7 =

Magcw Oetp

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Magcw }hpdd ddkgkb

Gk 1282# Mdcarapd `dfald }hd fipv} v}a}d }e pa}gow }hd T+V+Fekv}g}t}gek+Gk 127?# dcdf}epv fhevd Jehk Amalv }e d }hd vdfekm ~pdvgmdk}eo }hd Tkg}dm V}a}dv+Gk 18>8# dcdf}epv fhevd Jaldv Lamgvek }e `d }hd oetp}h ~pdvg,mdk} eo }hd Tkg}dm V}a}dv+Gk 186?# Lap}gk _ak @tpdk rav dcdf}dm }hd dgbh}h ~pdvgmdk} eo}hd Tkg}dm V}a}dv+Gk 18=0# }hd Kdr Wepi ^hgchaplekgf ~dpoepldm g}v fipv} fek,fdp}+Gk 17>7# fhdlgv} Cde H+ @adidcakm pdfdgdm a T+V+ ~a}dk} oep@aidcg}d# }hd fipv} vwk}hd}gf ~cav}gf+Gk 1711# Fhgka a`ecgvhdm }hd pdqtgpdldk} }ha} ldk rdap }hdgphagp gk a qtdtd# ep ~ekw}agc+Gk 17=?# fipd `peid et} a} }hd Rgkdfeoo (RWK,iaho' He}dc gkA}cak}a9 }hd `cazd igccdm 117 ~de~cd# gkfctmgkb he}dc oetkmdpR+ Opaki Rgkdfeoo+Gk 1720# Aldpgfav cav} leek lgvvgek }e ma}d rav catkfhdm avA~ecce 12 `cav}dm eoo opel Fa~d Fakadpac+ Gldcma Lapfev#rgod eo ^hgcg~~gkd ^pdvgmdk} Odpmgkakm D+ Lapfev# rav vdpg,etvcw retkmdm `w ak avvagcak} rhe rav }hdk vhe} mdam `w hdp`emwbtapmv+Gk 1780# fekgf}dm ltpmdpdp Fhapcgd @peeiv Jp+ `dfald }hdfipv} T+V+ ~pgvekdp }e `d dxdft}dm `w gkjdf}gek# a} a ~pgvek gkHtk}vgccd# ]dxav+Gk 1782# =6 ~de~cd rdpd igccdm ao}dp a btklak a`eapm a ^afgfifVet}hrdv} Agpcgkdv jd}cgkdp gk Facgoepkga a~~apdk}cw e~dkdm fipdek a odccer ~avvdkbdp# }hd ~gce}v akm hglvdco# fatvgkb }hd ~cakd}e fpavh+

Af}ep Dcg Raccafh gv 72+ @ctdbpavv vgkbdp @e``w Ev`epkd gv 81+Af}pdvv Dccdk @tpv}wk gv 8>+ Vdk+ ]ham Fefhpak# P,Lgvv+# gv 24+@peamfav} jetpkacgv} Fapecd Vgl~vek gv 20+ @avd`acc Hacc eoOaldp Jehkkw @dkfh gv ?4+ Af}ep,mgpdf}ep,~pemtfdp Jaldv Idafhgv ?4+ Fetk}pw vgkbdp Bapw Leppgv gv ?=+ Vgkbdp,vekbrpg}dp ]el

Rag}v gv ?6+ Vdk+ Vtvak L+ Feccgkv# P,Lagkd# gv ?>+ Af}pdvv^pgvfgcca @apkdv gv 44+ Oepldp ]ekgbh} Vher akketkfdp Dmm(fq' Hacc gv 4=+ Pefi ltvgfgak ]gl @t}cdp (]hd ^vwfhdmdcgf Otpv'gv 4=+ Af}ep ^a}pgfi Oa`gak gv =8+ Af}ep Jdoopdw Rpgbh} gv =2+ Af}epF+ ]helav Herdcc gv =?+ ^pemtfdp,mgpdf}ep Javek Rgkdp gv =>+KOC ~cawdp ]dppdcc Erdkv gv 67+ Pa~~dp,~pemtfdp Iek Ap}gv gv 68+

]hgdo pd}tpkv favh opelEhge id}}cd rg}h a~ecebw

@EAPMLAK# Ehge A }hgdo rhelamd eoo rg}h favh opel a Vaca}gekAplw pdm id}}cd a} a kep}hdpk Ehge lacc}hgv rddi a~~apdk}cw hav ham a fhakbd eohdap}+

^ecgfd kdap Wetkbv}erk vaw }ha} }remawv ao}dp }hd id}}cd rav dl~}gdm et}#veldekd cdo} -16> akm ak a~ecebw a} }hdVaca}gek Aplw+

A ke}d oetkm a} }hd Vaca}gek Aplw ekRdmkdvmaw lepkgkb pdam: Hdpd gv }hdlekdw G }eei ~ctv lekdw oep a kdr id},}cd akm `dcc+

]hd _gkmgfa}ep kdrv~a~dp gkWetkbv}erk pd~ep}v }ha} }hd ke}d acvevagm ~cdavd oepbgd ld+

^ecgfd gk @eapmlak vaw a rg}kdvv varveldekd rdapgkb a Vaca}gek Aplw jafi,d} }aid }hd id}}cd Lekmaw kgbh} rhgcd a`dcc,pgkbdp rav ek a `pdai+

A Vaca}gek Aplw eofifgac vawv g}vtkfcdap her ltfh lekdw ham `ddk gk}hd id}}cd+

Lagkd lacc vafiv Vak}aao}dp ptmdkdvv fel~cagk}v

VET]H ^EP]CAKM# Lagkd A

lacc gk Lagkd hav vafidm Vak}a Fcatvao}dp fhgcmpdk akm ~apdk}v fel~cagkdm hdrav ptmd# bptl~w akm retcmk} ddk cd}ekd fhgcm vg} ek hgv ca~+

Eofifgacv a} }hd Lagkd Lacc gk Vet}h^ep}cakm vaw }hdwpd ceeigkb oep a jeccgdp

Vak}a akm he~d }e had hgl gk ~cafd]htpvmaw+

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Fhak}dc vawv rhdk vhd avidm Vak}a oepak Aldpgfak Bgpc mecc# hd pd~cgdm vhdmbd} ak Aldpgfak oee}`acc+

Rhdk }hd lel ~ev}dm hdp v}epwekcgkd# e}hdpv vhapdm vglgcap dx~dpgdkfdv+

]hd v}a}gek fek}af}dm }hd Vak}a# `t} hdmgmk} rak} }e felldk}+

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]hd ka}gekv ecmdv} tkgdpvg}w hav oep,laccw pdfebkgzdm Hapapm FeccdbdLtkfh# a bpet~ ~pele}gkb mgvftvvgekvakm vaod ~paf}gfdv eo igkiw akm ac}dpka,}gd vdx+ ]hd vfheec hav ke pdfepm eo avglgcap bpet~ `dgkb pdfebkgzdm gk g}v62?,wdap hgv}epw+

]hd Fellg}}dd ek V}tmdk} Cgod pdfeb,kgzdm Ltkfh ek Opgmaw# laigkb g} ekd eo=>> gkmd~dkmdk} v}tmdk} epbakgza}gekvek fal~tv+ ]hd mdfgvgek efftppdm lepd

}hak a wdap ao}dp ldl`dpv `dbak ldd}gkbgkoeplaccw edp ldacv+A~~cgfa}gekv oep pdfebkg}gek apd

mdfgmdm `w a v}tmdk},oaftc}w fellg}}ddoeccergkb }hd pdgdr eo a fellg}}ddfel~evdm eo v}tmdk}v akm amlgkgv}pa,

}epv# Hapapm v~eidvlak Jdoo Kdac vagmgk a v}a}dldk} ]tdvmaw+ ]hd feccdbdmedv ke} dkmepvd }hd gdrv ep af}gg}gdveo akw gkmd~dkmdk} v}tmdk} epbakgza,}gek+

Hapapm gv ke} }hd fipv} vfheec gk }hdfetk}pw }e oeplaccw pdfebkgzd igkiw vdxbpet~v# akm vddpac af}gd bpet~v dxgv}rg}hgk }hd capbdp felltkg}w gkFal`pgmbd akm kdgbh`epgkb @ev}ek+

Epbakgzdpv eo Hapapm Feccdbd Ltkfhmgm ke} glldmga}dcw pdv~ekm }e ak dlagcvddigkb felldk} ek ]tdvmaw+

Gk a v}a}dldk} ~ev}dm ek a Hapapmrd`vg}d# epbakgzdpv vaw }hd bpet~ gv oepv}tmdk}v gk}dpdv}dm gk igki akm ac}dpka,}gd vdxtacg}gdv }e ldd} akm epbakgzd pdc,dak} ddk}v gkfctmgkb v~daidpv# mgvftv,vgekv akm vfpddkgkbv+ Ltkfh acve havfpda}dm a vaod}w }dal }e dka`cd gf}glv eoa`tvd ep }patla bd} hdc~+

G} dxgv}v }e ~pele}d a ~evg}gd akmafftpa}d tkmdpv}akmgkb eo ac}dpka}gdvdxtacg}gdv akm igki ek fal~tv# av rdccav }e fpda}d a v~afd rhdpd feccdbd,abdamtc}v law pdafh et} }e }hdgp ~ddpv akmoddc affd~}dm gk }hdgp erk vdxtacg}w# }hdv}a}dldk} vagm+

]hetbh dxgv}gkb fal~tv bpet~vpakbd opel pd~pdvdk}gkb reldk akmldk# qtddp vdxtacg}gdv akm epgdk}a}gekv#

acc }hd raw }e bpet~v mdmgfa}dm }e a`v}g,kdkfd# ke e}hdp bpet~ dxgv}v av a oeptloep v}tmdk}v gk}dpdv}dm gk ac}dpka}gd vdx,tacg}gdv }e dx~cepd }hdgp gmdk}g}gdv akmmddce~ a felltkg}w rg}h }hdgp ~ddpv#epbakgzdpv vagm+

11 14 12 6> 62 11

Ldba ktl`dp

Mdf+4 Vt~dp Ce}}e ctv

7/30/2019 12-07-12 Edition

3/28

6Opgmaw Mdf+2#0>10]HDMAGCWJETPKAC CEFAC

846 Gkmtv}pgac Pm+ V}d D# Vak Fapcev(@d}rddk @pg}}ak / Heccw'

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7/30/2019 12-07-12 Edition

10/28

@TVGKDVV1> Opgmaw Mdf+2#0>10 ]HDMAGCWJETPKAC

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