1177208_technologyandsociety_assignmentno1

8/11/2019 1177208_TechnologyAndSociety_AssignmentNo1

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Technology and Society 1177208

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAMPOLSIS, School of Government & Society College of Social Sciences!

St"dent I# $o% rn!' 1177208Programme of t"dy' () *+! Political Science and Sociology

ear of t"dy' -rd.od"le title' Technology and Society.od"le /annercode'

08 2-87SO -12

.od"le leader' #r 3o )//innettSeminar teacher' #r 3o )//innettS"/miion date' 17%02%201)ignment title' +o4 ha the emergence of cy/ernetic organim

tranformed o"r conce5t of 6the h"man9:tenion' no

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Feedback

Overview of subissio!

#e;nition of


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6ready=to=hand 5iece of e"rthermore, Promethe", in 6Promethe" (o"nd claim that he

5revented h"man from 6foreeeing their o4n death /y giving them ho5e,

5lacing h"man /et4een the condition of "nconcio" /eat and the certainty of

the god% Th", ho5e i a 6neceary ill"ion 4hich ma@e life /eara/le lay

200'102=!%

+o4 are 4e to "ndertand the gift of technology from Promethe", and the

am/ig"ity of ho5e Fith the advancement of modern technology, more attention

ha /een given to the ocial creation of h"man im5erfection, and the

develo5ment of technology a remedy% Treating h"man di?erence and dia/ility

a de;ciency, Fetern ocietie have incor5orated a @ind of 6Promethean hame,

"/Decting h"man to cor5oreal im5rovement and 6enhancement /y "ing

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technology /oth a a tool and a a reference for 5erfection Liemann

2011'12H!% Technology ha /ecome the ne4 god' it @no4ledge i 6certain,

cienti;c, 5roviding h"man 4ith the 5romie of overcoming the 5recario"

condition of h"man e:itence and even death% The end=re"lt i the rie of neo=

ca5italim a a ne4 6religion% The .yth of Promethe" ill"trate ho4 thro"gho"t

time, ociety ha not eca5ed from the am/ig"ity of technology and the ho5e of

"ndertanding and overcoming death%

T&e *ues$io! of Bei!)+$owards+dea$&

+eidegger i one of the ;rt 5hiloo5her to dic" the role of /eing and

technology in a ytematic 4ay% >or the 5"r5oe of thi ection, 4e hall mainly

foc" on hi 5ortrayal of beinga #aein% Thro"gh 5henomenology, he arg"e

againt the "tilitarian and intr"mental 5erce5tion of nat"re and ociety a

6tanding reerve +eidegger 1H'-22!% Let " tart from the event of /irth%

)ccording to +eidegger, a h"man 4e are thro4n into the 4orld 4hich, a it i

foreign to ", e:ercie a feeling of an:iety "5on ", 4hich lead to the feeling of

care% Thi condition i called #aein /eing=there!, an ontically diting"ihed

entity 4hich 6in it very (eing, that (eing i an i"e for it 1H2'-2!B in other

4ord, #aein i the only mode of /eing 4hich i concerned 4ith it o4n

e:itence existentiell!% In dic"ing the nat"re of /eing, +eidegger 5reent the

6ontological di?erence /et4een /eing the ontic! and (eing the ontological!% P"t

more im5ly, /eing i the h"man a an entity, ac@no4ledged a "ch thro"gh

elf=a4areneB (eing i igni;ed /y all /eing = it i the e:5erience of h"manity

4ithin all /eing $icholon 1H'-H-!% So, the /irth of /eing #aein! i al4ay

em/raced /y the o5enne of (eing, (eing having ontological 5rimacy

+eidegger 1H2'-2!% >"rther, (eing encom5ae three mode' "/tance,


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and e


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di?erentiate them from the .alth"ian inE"ence of e"genicit altho"gh they

hare imilar idea inam"ch a they all advocate againt h"man variation in

term of a/ility, 5erceiving di?erence in /inary term, and th" treating dia/ility

a "ndeira/le%

,i-ere!ce a!d dis.abi#i$%

There are t4o main de;nition of dia/ility' the individ"al or 6medical! model

and the ocial model Sha@e5eare 200H'1J!% Tranh"manit give a normative

val"e to the medical a55roach% +o4ever, 4ithin deaf comm"nitie o5inion are

5lit /et4een the t4o de;nition% >ollo4er of the medical model 5erceive

technology a a 4ay to 6c"re deafne% On the other hand, they ignore the fact

that the lo of hearing doe not mean a total ina/ility to comm"nicate' deaf

5eo5le ada5t and develo5 enory and vi"al ca5a/ilitie 4hich allo4 them to

interact 4ith hearing and non=hearing 5eo5le .erlea"=Ponty 2002'-8-! and 4ith

the 4orld itelf% Intead of ac@no4ledging the diverity of a/ilitie in themelve,

tranh"manit ee dia/ility a a 6lac@ or a 6lo 4hich need to /e remedied

for a 5eron to /ecome 6tr"ly h"man in a heterogeneo"ly fa/ricated ociety

Schillmeier 2007'J=H!% Thi dico"re come a contradictory to the

e:5erience and deire of the deaf comm"nity% )gaint the medical model,

ritical #ia/ility cholar 4ho ado5t a 5henomenological a55roach to dia/ility

advocate for the ocial model of dia/ility% )ccording to them, ociety dia/le

5eo5le thro"gh 5ractice and the hierarchical contr"ction of a/ilitie, leading to

the develo5ment of a/leim and a"dim Fol/ring 200'18=!% They tre that

deafne i D"t another 4ay of /eing 4ith di?erent /odily ca5acitie%

Fhen dic"ing a/o"t deaf 5eo5le one o"ght to ma@e a ditinction' ;rtly, 6#eaf

refer to elf=de;ned mem/er of the deaf comm"nity c"lt"reB econdly, 6deaf

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5eo5le do not necearily elf=de;ne a 5art of #eaf c"lt"re, /"t they

neverthele live in a hearing 4orld 4hich they ;nd foreign, a it doe not

accommodate their need% Since the 180, #eaf comm"nitie have organied

cam5aign againt the 4ide5read cochlear im5lant% La/elled a dia/led, they

reDect the hearing 4orld attem5t to 6adD"t them, and ee@ to /e recognied

a a di?erent c!lt!re S5arro4 200J'10!% #eaf c"lt"re re5reent a hared

identity, 5olitic, intit"tion, hitory and val"e ytem, and it ha it o4n

lang"age = the Sign Lang"age Peter 2000'J8!% +o4ever, thro"gh the creation

of cochlear im5lant and /ionic ear, the deaf are een increaingly more a

atomitic individ"al 4ho 6altho"gh lac@ing hearing, they have the 5oi/ility to

overcome their 65hyical 4ea@ne 4ith the 6gift of cy/ernetic organim% Thi

vie4 doe not conider that the 6choice of 4earing an im5lant i in e?ect a

conditioning im5oed /y ociety' deaf 5eo5le ref"al to "e an im5lant co"ld /e

inter5reted a hotility or ina/ility to ee their real 6condition S5arro4

200J'1-7!%

Placed /et4een t4o "neven and com5eting o5tion, the deaf=#aein i 5"hed to

conider 6o55ort"nity cot ro"ch 17'18!, a 5re"re i /eing 5"t on the

dia/led to "e a"gmented technology% +earingne, 5laced in /inary o55oition

4ith deafne, i 5ortrayed a the deired 6choice 4hich deaf 5eo5le have to

ma@e in order to /ecome 5art of the hearing 4orld% +o4ever, thi im5lant

dilemma create the deaf a 6hy/rid detined to live in the t4ilight Kone

am5/ell 200'J!, inam"ch a the condition for /eing a mem/er of the

hearing 4orld ret on technology a mediation% It i once again the deaf 5eron

4ho carrie the /"rden of trying to engage 4ith the dominant ociety% 3eferring

/ac@ to +eidegger, doe thi contant tr"ggle mean that the deaf=#aein i

more a"thentic than the a/le=/odied #aein /eca"e the former i actively

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concerned 4ith their e:itence Thee are com5le:


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In The %!estion Concerning Technology, +eidegger tal@ a/o"t t4o mode of

revealing /ringing into light! /y technology% >irt, 5re=modern technology

techn&! reveal the 4orld in a 4ay imilar to art poiesis!, not a man"fact"ring,

/"t a 6/ringing=forth +eidegger 1H'-18=!% In modern ocietie, technology i

6not technological, /"t rather a mode of revealing thro"gh 6challenging=forth,

that i, /y "ing nat"re a a reo"rce, a tanding reerve 1H'-20=-!% The

latter raion dMtre i to ee@ nat"re 6re5orting in a cienti;c, mea"ra/le

manner 1H'-28!% one


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Technological enframing of /eing a?ect 5erce5tion, identity, 5olitic, ethic,

.itein /eing=4ith! and the h"man=o/Dect relationhi5%

)ltho"gh Promethe" o?ered the gift to h"man in order to enhance their live,

4e have not /een a/le to overcome the 6Promethean dicre5ancy% To 5"t it more

im5ly, ociety a/ility to dicern the technological enframing of their live

al4ay lag /ehind the fat 5rod"ction of ne4 cy/ernetic% GNnther )nder

e:5lain thi dicre5ancy a an e?ect of modern ca5italim 4hich inE"ence and

limit o"r imagination, a 4e /ecome more 5ecialied and concerned 4ith

5eci;c ection of the 5roce of 5rod"ction Schra"/e 200J'81!% .ore than the

o/Decti;cation of h"man, the develo5ment of modern technology and the

ado5tion of technocratic and tranh"manit dico"re and /elief have

tranformed the 4ay 4e ee o/Dect' they have /ecome treated 6a if they 4ere

5eo5le )nder, cited /y Schra"/e 200J'81!, /l"rring the ditinction /et4een

#aein and o/Dect%

"ues$io!i!) $ec&!o#o)%

(y not trying to dicover the 64hat of h"man /eing a 6"/tance, +eidegger

foc"e on the nat"re of 6/eing 4hich incl"de h"man /eing 4ith a/ilitie from

the 4hole 5ectr"m% +o4ever, +eidegger doe not give an ela/orate acco"nt of

the 6ontic=existentiell1H2'-2!, nor a/o"t "/Dectivity, attracting m"ch criticim

for "ndermining the everyday e:5erience of the 6lived /ody )ho 200J'7!%

one


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e


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"nder the h"/ri of ca5italit technocracy% >inally, +eidegger ontology ha the

5otential of o?ering a 4ay of thin@ing a/o"t /eing h"man 4hich avoid the

e:cl"ionary categorie enco"ntered in other 5olitical, 5hiloo5hical and ethical

5roDect%

Fhen "ing technology, 4e m"t ta@e into conideration o"r mode of /eing in the

4orld, ho4 4e relate to 6the they and 4hat role 4e 5lay a 5art of 6the they of

other% The f"t"re technology 4hich 4e o"ght to enviage 4o"ld not /e "ed to

dicover the innerne of life and death a a mean to an end% Thi technology

4o"ld need not im5ede 4ith the freedom of 6letting=thing=/e 4hat they are

oc@leman 18J'1J8!, namely #eaf=#aein, and 4ith their revealing a "ch%

Th", 4hen 5rod"cing and "ing technology, medical and technology 5ecialit

ho"ld ta@e into acco"nt the e:itence of di?erent mode of /eing and the

a/ilitie and ene of deaf=#aein, intead of concealing and deval"ing their

a/ilitie% ) technology 4hich doe not reveal the eence of a /eing for #aein, it

i (eing!, enframe "%

>inally, in the 4ord of t4o dia/led activit'

#o not tell, correct, and lead%Liten, "55ort, and follo4%

#o not 4or@ on me%For@ 4ith me

"nc and Uan der lift!%2ord cou!$3 456782ord cou!$3 45678

Bib#io)ra(&%3Bib#io)ra(&%3

)ho, %, )% 200J! 6The .iing #ialog"e (et4een +eidegger and .erlea"=Ponty'

On the Im5ortance of the Colli@on Seminar in (ody ) Society, vol% 11, no% 1,

55% 1=2-%

1-


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(a/ich, (% 201-! 6O, S"5erman Or (eing To4ard Tranh"manim' .artin

+eidegger, GNnther )nder, and .edia )ethetic in Di*inatio, vol% -H, no% 1,

55% 1=%

(eall, 9%, >% 11! 6+eiod Promethe" and #evelo5ment in .yth in+o!rnal of

the istory of ,deas, vol% J2, no% -, 55% -JJ=71%

(otrom, $% 200J! 6) +itory of Tranh"manit Tho"ght in +o!rnal of *ol!tion

and Technology, vol% 1, no% 1, 55% 1=-0%

am5/ell, >%, % 200! Conto!rs of .bleism/ The 0rod!ction of Disability and

.bledness% London' Palgrave .ac.illan%

lay, *%, S% 200! esiods Cosmos% am/ridge' am/ridge Aniverity Pre%

lo"gh, P%, T% 2008! 6The )?ective T"rn' Political 9conomy, (iomedia and (odie

in Theory$ C!lt!re and Society, vol% 2J, no% 1, 55% 1=22%

ro"ch, 3%, )% 17! 6Letting the #eaf /e #eaf' 3econidering the Ae of

ochlear Im5lant in Preling"ally #eaf hildren in The astings Center

1eport, vol% 27, no% , 55% 1=21%

#o/re, .%=)% 200! 6Tool=(eing' +eidegger and the meta5hyic of O/Dect

revie4! in Technology and C!lt!re, vol% , no% 1, 55% 2-2=%

9ttinger, 3%, %, F% 200! 2o!ni*erse/ Toward a Self-Centered 0hilosophy of

,mmortalism and Cryonics% >lorida' Aniveral P"/liher%

+eidegger, .% 1H2! (eing and Time% O:ford' (lac@4ell P"/liher%

VVVVVVVVVVVV 1H! 6The W"etion oncerning Technology, in rell, #% ed%!

eidegger/ (asic Writings$55% -=-J% London' 3o"tledge%

+"manityX no date! 6)/o"t on !manity" 4e/ite% )vaila/le at'

htt5'h"manity5l"%orga/o"tQ)cceed -1%12%201-R%

1
http://humanityplus.org/about/http://humanityplus.org/about/


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oc@leman, *%, *% 18J! eidegger on .rt and .rt Works% #ordrecht' .artin"

$iDho? P"/liher%

"nc, $% and Uan der lift, 9% 1J! 6) redo for S"55ort on C!rb C!t4e/ite%

)vaila/le at' htt5'c"r/c"t%netdia/ilitya=credo=of="55ort Q)cceed

-0%12%201-R%

Liemann, P%, % 2011! 6Tho"ght after )"ch4itK and +irohima' GNnther )nder

and +annah )rendt in nrahonar, vol% H, no% 1, 55% 12-=-J%

.erlea"=Ponty, .% 2002! 0henomenology of 0erception% London' 3o"tledge%

."le, F% 2012! 6+eidegger, $at"re Philoo5hy and )rt a 0oietic 9vent on

Transformations +o!rnal 4e/ite, no% 21% )vaila/le at'

htt5'444%tranformationDo"rnal%orgDo"rnali"eV21articleV0H%html

Q)cceed 01%01%201R%

$et/"rn, #% 201-! 6(ionic 9ar Fith S"5erh"man Potential, +ot O? the Printer on

3os .ngeles Times 4e/ite, 2 .ay% )vaila/le at'

htt5'article%latime%com201-may02ciencela=ci=n=-d=5rinta/le=

cy/org=ear=201-0J02Q)cceed -0%12%201-R%

$icholon, G% 1H! 6The Ontological #i?erence in .merican 0hilosophical

%!arterly, vol% , no% 1, 55% -J7=7%

Peter, S% 2000! 6I There a #ia/ility "lt"re ) Syncretiation of Three Poi/le

Forld Uie4 in Disability ) Society, vol% 1J, no% , 55% J8-=H01%

Schillmeier, .% 2007! 6#ia/ling S5ace of alc"lation' (lindne and .oney in

9veryday Life in n*ironment and 0lanning/ Society and Space, vol% 2J, no% 1,

55% J=H0%

Schra"/e, 9% 200J! 6Tort"ring Thing Antil They onfe' GNnther )nder

riti


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1177208_technologyandsociety_assignmentno1

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