11/2011 G. Julie Xie, Ph.D.

True Educational Success

How to Raise Well Balanced and Self-Motivated Learners?

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Agenda

What is success?

Adverse effects of narrow perception of success

Factors behind success in education How can parents and school help

children achieve true success in education?

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What is SUCCESS? - sample students’ opinions Accomplish your goals 34% Be happy or satisfied with yourself 21% Get a job with strong earning potential 18% Earn good grades, B or better 13% Try your best and reach your potential 12% Doing things you want to do 8% Go to a prestigious college 4% Make my parents proud 3% Excel in a certain field 1%

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What is SUCCESS? - students’ perception of their parents’ belief Earn good grades, A’s preferred 26% Get a job with strong earning potential 20% Be happy or satisfied with yourself 13% Go to a prestigious college 10% Accomplish your goals 10% Try your best and reach your potential 10% Do not know parents’ thoughts 7% Doing things you want to do 3% Excel in a certain field 1%

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How Narrow Definitions of Success Adversely Affect Our Children?

5- to 12-year-olds need 10-11 hours of sleep each night; teens need 9.25 hours of sleep each night.

80% of teens don’t get the recommended amount of sleep. At least 28% fall asleep in school, and 22% fall asleep doing homework.

Source: National Sleep Foundation. (2006).

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www.challengesuccess.org

50% of Bay Area teens report headaches, difficulty sleeping, and exhaustion due to stress over the past month.

Source: Galloway, M. K., Conner, J. O., & Pope, D. (2009). Stanford Survey of Adolescent School Experiences.

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62% of Bay Area high school students surveyed said they always or almost always work hard in school, but only 10% always or almost always enjoy schoolwork.

Source: Galloway, M. K., Conner, J. O., & Pope, D. (2009). Stanford Survey of Adolescent School Experiences.

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59% of teenagers say they have cheated on a test during the last year, and 34% have done it more than twice, while one in three admit having used the internet to plagiarize an assignment.

Source: Josephson Institute Center for Youth Ethics. (2010). Josephson Institute of Ethics’ report card on American youth’s values and actions.

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The greater the amount of time adolescents report spending in regularly scheduled structured activities, the higher their self-reported level of anxiety tends to be.

Source: Melman, S., Little, S. G., & Akin-Little, K. A. (2007). Adolescent over scheduling: The relationship between levels of participation in scheduled activities and self-reported clinical symptomology. The High School Journal, 90 (3), 18-30.

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54% of high school females and 32% of high school males (out of a sample of nearly 5000 Bay Area youth) reported 3 or more symptoms of physical stress in the past month.

Source: Galloway, Mollie K., Conner, Jerusha O., and Pope, D. (2009). Stanford Survey of Adolescent School Experiences.

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9% of Bay Area high school students surveyed reported use of illegal prescription drugs to stay awake; an additional 25% use legal stimulants.

Source: Galloway, M. K., Conner, J. O., and Pope, D. (2009). Stanford Survey of Adolescent School Experiences.

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In 2010, 24 percent of 12th-grade students (28 percent of males and 20 percent of females), 19 percent of 10th- grade students (22 percent of males and 15 percent of females), and ten percent of 8th-grade students (10 percent of males and 9 percent of females) reported illicit drug use in the previous 30 days. For 8th graders, this was up from 8 percent in 2009.

Source: Johnston, L.D., O’Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., & Schulenberg, J.E. (forthcoming, 2011). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2010: Volume I, Secondary school students. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.

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73% of students listed academic stress as their number one reason for using drugs, yet only 7 % of parents believe teens might use drugs to deal with stress.

Source: Partnership for a Drug-Free America, (2008). Partnership attitude tracking study, 2007.

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Factors behind Success in Education: -- from our administrators good study skills so students know how to

access the information they want and know how to get the help when they need. 

confidence that they can accomplish anything if they are willing to work hard enough  

development of critical thinking skills development of good social and

communication skills

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How to Raise Well-Balanced, Self-Motivated Learners?

How to Help Our Children Succeed?

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Physiological Needs

Safety

Belonging and Love

Esteem

Self-Actualization

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1954)

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Understand Your Child: Temperament Quality of Mood Approach or Withdrawal Intensity of Reaction Rhythmicity (regularity) Distractibility Persistence Threshold of Responsiveness Activity Level Adaptability

Thomas & Chess (1977)

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Understand Your Child: Ability

• Linguistic intelligence • Logical-mathematical intelligence • Musical intelligence • Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence • Spatial intelligence• Interpersonal intelligence• Intrapersonal intelligence • Naturalist intelligence

Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Howard Gardner, Ph.D. (1983)

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Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ? Self-Awareness: understand yourself

Self-Control: managing emotions

Self-Efficacy: Optimism & Hope, especially in face of challenges or defeats

Empathy: understand others

Social Skills(Daniel Goleman, 1995)

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Self-discipline is a far better predictor of academic performance than is IQ, accounting for more than twice as much variance as IQ in final grades.

Source: Duckworth, A.L., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychological Science,16(12), 939-944.

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Authentic Happiness

Happiness = Set Range + Circumstances + Voluntary Factors

- Increase gratitude- Understand how belief controls affect- Satisfaction about the past + Optimism about the

future

( Martin E. P. Seligman, 2002)

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How can parents help? Define success on your own terms Avoid over-scheduling Maintain down time and family time Allow children space to develop on their own Honor health and well being Build responsibility at home and in the community Ease performance pressure Debunk college mythswww.challengesuccess.org

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How can parents help?

Understand and respect your child as an individual

Allow choices to build motivation Positive Reinforcement: Praise efforts Positive discipline to foster healthy self-

concept Model positive attitudes and emotions in

daily life – take mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow from

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The permissive parent attempts to behave in a nonpunitive, acceptant and affirmative manner towards the child's impulses, desires, and actions.

The authoritarian parent attempts to shape, control, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of the child in accordance with a set standard of conduct, usually an absolute standard, theologically motivated and formulated by a higher authority.

The authoritative parent attempts to direct the child's activities but in a rational, issue-oriented manner. The parent encourages verbal give and take, shares with the child the reasoning behind her policy, and solicits his objections when children refuse to conform.

(Diana Baumrind, 1967)

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How can our school help?

Climate of care Project and problem based learning Meaningful assignments Authentic assessment Honor engagement and integrity in learning

(www.challengesuccess.org)

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Students in social and emotional learning (SEL) programs in schools not only demonstrate increased social and emotional skills and attitudes but also demonstrate improved academic performance, reflected in an 11-percentile-point gain in achievement.

Source: Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B. Taylor, R. D., and Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing student’s social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405-432.

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Middle school students’ perceptions ------ significant predictors of academic and psychological adjustment

Perceptions of an emphasis on competition and differential treatment by ability are related to diminished academic values, feelings of self-esteem, and academic achievement as well as increases in school truancy, anger, and depressive symptoms

Perceptions of positive teacher regard and an emphasis on individual effort and improvement in school are associated with increases in academic values, feelings of academic competence, and academic achievement as well as decreases in depressive symptoms, anger, and school truancy and increases in self-esteem over time.

Source: Roesler, R. W., & Eccles, J. S. (1998). Adolescents' perceptions of middle school. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8(1), 123–158.

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The Ultimate Goal of Education

"The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change."

- Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

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Excerpted from the book

CHILDREN LEARN WHAT THEY LIVE©1998 by Dorothy Law Nolte and Rachel Harris

If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn If children live with shame, they learn to feel guilty If children live with encouragement, they learn confidence If children live with tolerance, they learn patience If children live with praise, they learn appreciation If children live with acceptance, they learn to love If children live with kindness and consideration, they learn

respect If children live with security, they learn to have faith in

themselves

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References

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The Story of Success. Little, Brown and Company: New York.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books: NY.

Nelsen, J. Positive Discipline Associates. http://www.positivediscipline.com

Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. Free Press: NY.

Stanford University School of Education: Challenge Success: www.challengesuccess.org

Mission San Jose HS SOS: www.missionsos.net