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BASEBANDTRANSMISSION

TECHNIQUES

Submitted By:

VISHAL MISHRA

(111EC0179)

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Aim of the experiment:

To design Baseband Transmission techniques namely,

1. NRZ-B Encoding2. Bipolar Manchester Coding

Software used:

Multisim and OrCAD

Theory:

NRZ-B CODING:

Intelecommunication,a non-return-to-zero (NRZ)line code is abinary code in which 1s arerepresented by onesignificant condition (usually a positive voltage) and 0s are represented

by some other significant condition (usually a negative voltage), with no other neutral or

rest condition. The pulses have more energy than areturn-to-zero (RZ) code. Unlike RZ, NRZ

does not have a rest state. NRZ is not inherently aself-clocking signal,thus some additional

synchronization technique (for example a limited constraint, or a parallel synchronization

signal) must be used for avoidingbit slip.

For a givendata signalling rate,i.e.,bit rate,the NRZ code requires only half thebaseband

bandwidth required by theManchester code (the pass band bandwidth is the same).

"One" is represented by one physical level (usually a positive voltage).

"Zero" is represented by another level (usually a negative voltage).In clock language, in bipolar NRZ-Level the voltage "swings" from positive to negative on the

trailing edge of the previous bit clock cycle.

An example of this isRS-232,where "one" is 12V to 5V and "zero" is +5 V to +12 V.

MANCHESTER BIPOLAR CODING:

Intelecommunication anddata storage,Manchester coding (also known as Phase Encoding,

or PE) is aline code in which the encoding of each databit has at least one transition and

occupies the same time. It therefore has no DC component, and isself-clocking,whichmeans that it may beinductively orcapacitively coupled, and that aclock signal can be

recovered from the encoded data. As a result, electrical connections using a Manchester

code are easilygalvanically isolated using anetwork isolatora simple one-to-oneisolation

transformer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-to-zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-clocking_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_sliphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_signaling_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-clocking_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_couplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_couplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_isolationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_isolatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_isolatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_isolationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_couplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_couplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-clocking_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_signaling_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_sliphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-clocking_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-to-zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication

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Results:

NRZ-B Coding Circuit in OrCAD

NRZ-B Coding Output in OrCAD

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Bipolar Manchester Coding Circuit in OrCAD

Bipolar Manchester Coding Output in OrCAD

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NRZ-B Coding Circuit in Multisim

NRZ-B Input Signal in Multisim

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NRZ-B Output Signal in Multisim

Bipolar Manchester Coding Circuit in Multisim

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Bipolar Manchester Input Signal in Multisim

Bipolar Manchester Output Signal in Multisim

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Conclusion:

Thus the circuits for generating NRZ-B and Bipolar Manchester coding were implemented in

Multisim and OrCAD and simulation results were obtained.