Art Nouveau.He was a Spanish artist whose work hasbeen categorized as But hisadoption of biomorphic shapes rather thanorthogonal lines put him in a category untohimself. His church of the Holy Family)has an almost hallucinatory power to it asa result of the integration of the arch, nature'sorganic shapes, and the almost fluidity ofwater that often appears in his designs.

He was an Americanarchitect known for hisearly steel-frame designs forskyscrapers and for his influentialdictum

developed a unique system ofornament, which he applied as the firstarchitect to define a rational skyscraperaesthetic and bring bank design into the20th century. He pioneered the attemptto remove historical reference fromAmerican architecture, the creation ofwhich he saw as a social as opposed toan artistic act. was the teacherof , whom heemployed for a time.

Form follows function.

Sullivan

SullivanFrank Lloyd Wright

Antoni Gaudi, "Church of the Holy Family"Barcelona, Spain. 1882 to 1926.

LouisSullivan

Louis Sullivan,Carson, Pirie, Scott& Company, Chicago,1903-04.

1. Make a sketch of the exteriorshape of Antoni Gaudi, Church of theHoly Family from Barcelona, Spain.What kind of mood/feeling do youget from it and why? (2)

mood/feeling:

why:

2.What was the modern architectLouis Sullivans influentialdictum? (1)

3. What kind of reference did architectLouis Sullivan attempt at removingfrom American architecture? (1)

Name:____________________

/10Modern ArchitectureAntoni Gaud

He is considered the mostinfluential American architectof the 20th century. His legacyis an architectural style that

departed from European influences tocreate a purely American form,including the idea that buildings canbe in harmony with the naturalenvironment.

The Falling water house was designedaccording to desire to placethe occupants close to the naturalsurroundings, with a stream runningunder part of the building. Theconstruction is a series of balconiesand terraces, using stone for allverticals and concrete for thehorizontals.

Wright's

Frank Lloyd Wright, E.J. Kaufmann house (Falling water)for E.J. Kaufmann at Mill Run, Pennsylvania, 1936.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Gerrit Rietveld

Gerrit Rietveld,Schroeder House,Utrecht, Netherlands,1923-24.

He was a Dutch designer,architect and cabinetmaker.In 1911, he started his own

furniture factory, while studyingarchitecture. became amember of themovement and in 1924 he designedthe The house isguided by geometric forms and isasymmetrical.

Rietveld'De Stijl'

Schroeder house.

4. The architect Frank Lloyd Wrightbelieved the idea that buildings couldbe in harmony with what? (1)

5. What runs under Wrights Falling-water house for E.J. Kaufmann? (1)

6. Look at Wrights Fallingwaterhouse. What kind of mood/feeling doyou get from it and why? (2)

mood/feeling:

why:

7. Look at Gerrit Rietvelds SchroederHouse from 1923-24 and describewhat kind of mood/feeling do you getfrom it and why? (2)

mood/feeling:

why:

Le Corbusier

Mies Van Der RoheHe was a German-born American architect considered afounder of the His steel-frame andglass buildings include the inNew York City.

Skyscrapers reveal their bold structuralpattern during construction. Only then does the giganticsteel web seem impressive.

International Style.Seagram Building

Van Der Rohe:

We can see the newstructural principles most clearly when we use glass inplace of the outer walls, which is feasible today since ina skeleton building these outer walls do not carry weight.The use of glass imposes new solutions."

Mies Van Der Rohe, SeagramBuilding, L. & Philip Johnson,New York City, 1958.

Modern Architecture

Le Corbusier, VillaSavoye, Paris, 1926-30.

He was a Swiss-born Frencharchitect and writer. He was themost powerful advocate of the

school, he designednumerous functional concretebuildings.

lifted the bulk ofthe structure off the ground,supporting it by reinforcedconcrete stilts. These stiltsprovided the structural supportfor the house, allowed him tohave a free faade, meaningnon-supporting walls thatcould be designed and a openfloor plan, meaning that thefloor space was free to beconfigured into rooms withoutconcern for supporting walls.

modernist

Le Corbusier

1. Make a small sketch of LeCorbusiers Villa Savoye structure.(1)

2. Look at the exterior of LeCorbusiers Villa Savoye structurefrom 1926-30 and describe whatarchitectural element does he usefor the open air floor plan? (1)

Name:____________________

/8

3. What kind of material does the architectMies Van Der Rohe use to create a boldstructural pattern on the outer walls of hisdesign for the Seagram Building in NewYork City? (1)

TSaarinen

his is a highly distinctive buildingwith colonnades of tipped andtapered columns on its two longfacades, a gracefully curving roofhung between them, and a pagoda-like control tower nearby.had a unique series of problems: hewas designing a complete newairport. The main terminus isa single, compact structure, notentirely free from formalisttendencies. The final designconcept arrived at was a suspendedstructure, 'high at the front, lower inthe middle, slightly higher at theback', generated by a rectangularplan. The building is thus capableof lateral extension.

Piano & RogersThe "Centre Georges Pompidou" is a massive

structural expressionist cast exoskeleton,"exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent

tube. The construction system is entirelyhigh-tech steel and glass and cost just

$100,000,000.

He frequently works on a large scale and is renowned for hissharp, geometric designs. Spectacular in concept and form, they provide astartling reminder of the audacious ability of modern architects to invigorateand re-circulate traditional architectural forms. The main Pyramid is basicallya complex inter-linked steel structure sheathed in reflective glass. Theconstruction system is a series of glass and steel rods and cable.

Eero Saarinen, Dulles Airport: Virginia, 1960-61.

Eero Saarinen

Ieoh Ming Pei

4. What architectural element does EeroSaarinen use to create a sense of movementin his design for the Dulles Airport in Virginia?(1)

5. How does Piano & Rogers create a senseof movement in their design for the exterior ofthe Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris? (1)

6. What traditional architectural formdoes I.M. PEI use in his design for theLouvre structure from 1989? (1)

7. Select one piece of modern architecture(from this handout) that you think is themost artistically successful and explainwhy. (2)