11 dhaka adaptation vulnerability
TRANSCRIPT
Mir Mustafizur RahmanPrivate Secretary to Mayor
Dhaka City CorporationBangladesh
June 2, 2011Sao Paulo
Population :
» Estimated population 150 million.Area : » Total: 144,000 sq km.
» Land: 133,910 sq km.» Water: 10,090 sq km.
GDP Growth rate : 6.21% (2007-08)Population Growth rate : 2.02%Rainfall : Lowest 47" and highest 136".Education : Literacy 62.49%
Location : Latitude from 20 degree 34' to 26 degree 38' north. Longitude from 88 degree 01' to 92 degree 41' east.
Boundary : Bounded by India from the north, east and west, Myanmar (Burma) from the south-east and the Bay of Bengal from the south.
Climate : Tropical; cool, dry winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); cool, rainy monsoon (June to October).
Chokbazar in 1908
Dhaka in 1800
Dhaka in 2011
Dhaka was established as capital during Mogol period in 1608. Till 1717, Dhaka was capital of Bangla, Bihar & Urissha. In 1905, Dhaka became capital of East Bengal & Asam. In 1947 Dhaka became the provincial capital of East Pakistan. In 1971, Dhaka became capital of Bangladesh.East Bengal and
Asam 1905
Population of Dhaka is about 12 millionArea of Dhaka City Corporation 360 sq. km.Total Building 3,26,000 nos.Total Road 6,200 nos.Annual population growth rate : about 6% .
Disaster Characteristic in Bangladesh : Flood, Cyclone, Wind storm, droughts, Earthquake, Landslide, River erosion, Tsunami, Salinity, Water lodging, epidemic etc.
Hazards of Bangladesh
Tornado
Flood
Land Slide
Cattle death by Cyclone
Hazards of Bangladesh (Cont.)
Sundarban mangrove forest after Cyclone
Bangladesh -Earthquake Risk
Fire in Slum
6 story building collapsed- died 21, 25/02/2006
collapsed nine-story garment factory near Dhaka April 12, 2005. 73 bodies in the ruins of the nine-storey building. Around 100 people were rescued alive.
26 February, 2007, fire in a 11 storied building, died 2Shakhari Bazar-June 2004, died 19
Begun Bari- 1 June 2010, died 25
Feb. 2, 2006. thousands of people homeless
November 21, 2008, Begunbari slum.December 15, 2007, slum – south of Dhaka
13 march. 2009, fire in a high rise commercial building, died 5 June 3, 2010, Nimtoli, Dhaka, died 123.
(In Million)
DCC conducted six day workshop on "Disaster management in Dhaka city”, 120 (One HundredTwenty) ward commissioners, 40 representatives from different NGOs, 10 imams of differentmosque, 20 officials of Fire Services Civil Defense and 20 other peoples attended.Dhaka City Corporation in association with Disaster Management Bureau arranged a day-longtraining workshop on “search and rescue of earthquake disaster” for the word commissioners,DCC Officials, journalists and volunteers.DCC take active role in the “Mock Exercise” at Dupkhola Play Ground, organised by DisasterManagement Bureau.DCC took part in a Rally organised by Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP) tomake awareness on Earth Quake among the city dwellers.DCC has taken part in Marine Air Ground Task Force Technical Warfare Simulation (MTWS)Command Post Exercise (CPX) “Exercise Durjoge Durnibar 2008”.DCC identified more than 500 risky buildings in Socio-economic survey.“Disaster Management Volunteer Group” in every ward is under process.Imposed “National Building Code” for construction every building.GIS based contingency plan, vulnerable assessment & rescue plan.Workshop on “Use of Earthquake Risk Maps and Validation of Scenario BasedEarthquake Contingency Plan for Dhaka City” help on 24/08/09 at Nagar BhabanAuditorium.Workshop on “Climate Change & Disaster Management” was held in Zone-1 office,DCC on 12/03/2010.
“Technical survey for identification of vulnerable and risky 113 buildings in heritage
and non-heritage areas of Dhaka City”
GENERAL STATISTICS: (Number of Buildings=113 nos.)
Shakhari Bazar
Biren Bosh Street
Relation between Day and Night Stay by People in Building
Shakhari Bazar
Biren Bosh Street
APPARENT QUALITY OF BUILDINGS
N=95
N=18
Correlation plot Building Age and Structural Type
Shakhari Bazar
Biren Bosh Street
Risk Group VS. No. of Storey
CONTENTS:
TOR of the projectOut come of the vulnerability analysis and structural assessmentMethodology of structural assessmentDifferent Levels of SurveyStructural AssessmentRetrofitting and renovation decision making
1. Rapid Visual Screening – (RVS) FEMA154, FEMA155
2. FEMA 310 – Detailed structural Analysis
3. IITK- GSDMA ‘3 Tier’ vulnerability assessment Checklist
4. Turkish Vulnerability assessment methodology
5. Rapid Screening of Masonry building – Prof. Arya
6. Old Masonry Building Indexes – J. Rouqe
Other Ref and standards-1. BNBC 2006 Seismic Code2. Indian Standard Seismic Code, IS-18933. ASTM Material Testing
Available Methodologies for structural assessment
LEVEL 1 & 2 SURVEY
RAPID VISUAL SCREENING SCORE
IITK-GSDMA(FEMA 310 )CHECKLIST
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1. COLLECTION OF APPROPRIATE SAMPLE FROM SITES
2. MATERIAL STRENGTH DETEMINATION
3. LITERATURE SURVEY4. NON DESTRUCTIVE
STRENGTH DETERMINATION
LEVEL 3 SURVEY
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY CHECKS
DECISION& SCENARIO
DEVELOPMENT
DEFECT AND EXTENT OF DAMAGE
DETERMINATION
REPORT
DESIGN OF THE ASSESSMENT
Rapid Visual Screening of
Masonry Structures-Prof. Arya
FIELD SURVEY
Engineering Survey work
Structural Crack in URM building
Diaphragm Discontinuity (Courtyard)
Cracks in infill wall
Cracks in Structural Units of URM
Pounding
Pounding Possibility
Deterioration of Masonry Units
Narrow Stair Case
Nonstructural Vulnerable components
Crack in Arch type lintel
Vulnerable supports on ground floor
Settlement of inclined brick foundation
FORCE BALANCE IN FOUNDATION
Damage to stair way entrance
TEMPORARY RETROFITTING WITH BAMBOO
CORNER SEPERATION
Crack in arch lintel
Poor condition of Electrical system
Side view of the tiles floor contruction
Floor Construction style
RISK GROUP:
Seismic ZoneBuilding
Importance
Existing Damage
Vulnerability Factor
Structural Strength
CONSTANT
RISK GROUP
VERY LOW RISK
LOW RISK
MODERATE RISK
HIGH RISK
VERY HIGH
• Water bodies, Water hydrant
• Emergency Responses
• Fire Service
• Rescue activities
• Disaster supply kits
• Medical services
• Evacuation center (Temporary Shelter)
• Water & Food Delivery
• Temporary housing
• Recovery Plan (Infrastructure & Housing Reconstruction, Urban Planning, Economic Vitalization, Life Recovery)
• Land Readjustment
• Community participation
• Safety precautions, Awareness, School Level Education
General Recommendations
Removal of the extended portion on oldstructures and restraining the owner fromfurther construction on old structuresRetrofitting of the failed masonry archesSupporting Heavy Overhang with ColumnsPrepare Action Plan for City CorporationDisaster Management Committee (CCDMC)where Mayor is the Chairperson of theCommittee.
Conclusion
Earthquake can’t predict and can’t prevent. By managing we can minimize our loses. Pre-earthquake phase, preparedness, mitigation and prevention are concepts to work on. Post-disaster, immediate rescue and relief measures including temporary sheltering soon after an earthquake until about 3 months later and re-construction and re-habilitation measures for a period of about six months to three years need to follow.
To summarize, the most effective measures of risk reduction are pre-disaster mitigation, preparedness and preventive measures to reduce vulnerability and expeditious, effective rescue and relief actions immediately after the occurrence of the earthquake.
It is not the earthquake rather it is the building that kills people.Disaster preparedness for Safer Communities -
Safer Communities for Sustainable Development
Experts say that 72 thousand buildings will be distorted if earthquake occurs with rector scale 6.6 or 7 in Dhaka. 70 thousand people will die if it happens at night. 800 educational institutes will be collapsed.