Design Computing

11. Advanced 3d Modeling & Rendering 1

11/11/2015CAD & Graphics II | HOM2027 | Fall 2014 | Every Wednesday 2:00 pm – 5:50 pm

Jin Kook Lee, PhD. 02-2220-2645 | designit@hanyang.ac.kr

Assistant Professor, Space & Design IT Lab.Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

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Where we are

- Architectural Modeling- Developing Arch Ideas- Prep for the Final Project

- Nov 18: Midterm Exam

- Nov 11: Your Final Plan

- Dec 2: Your Project Progress Report

- Dec 9: Final Project Dev.

- Dec 16: Final Project Presentation

What to do today

1. Developing the final term project – To develop your idea!

2. Lab exercise 01: MR Caustics & Multi-pass effect

Render a scene

3. Lab exercise 02: HD rendering in MR

Render a high resolution (Full HD: 1920 X 1080 pixel) image using “Room Interior”

4. Lab Exercise 03: Rendering given building model (from the last week)

Render a scene

5. Lab Exercise 04: Your Office Interior Design - Modeling & Rendering

Render a scene & your *.max file

6. Requirements: All lab exercises outcome files should be submitted in “Shared Folder”

Appropriate *.max files &/or images in JPG format. Try to get your best!

Submit this week’s LE today

What we have been walked through…

1.CAD & Graphics Fundamentals

2.3ds MAX Design 2015

3.Mental Ray (+ Vray)

4.Geometric Modeling + Architectural Modeling

5.… And what’s next?

- Elaborated/Skillful CAD & Graphics, using 3ds Max or etc.

- “Smart” CAD & Graphics BIM (Building Information Modeling)

Final Term Project

A DA-like Digital Image for your final project

Final Project: DA-like competition image, for this course

DA2014 Competition: Finished. 제 14회 대한건축학회 디지털건축대전- DA2014 Competition Website: http://digital-architecture.or.kr/- Previous award winners can be seen at: http://digital-architecture.or.kr/new_da/html/

3d rendering technique- SketchUP & Vray / 3dsMax & Vray / 3dsMax & Mental Ray

3d modeling technique- 3ds Max basics (primitives, modifiers) + editable poly modeling

3d design presentation technique- SketchUP, 3ds Max + renderers + Photoshop + etc. Hybrid method- 기말과제 파이널 (예정):

- option 1: 본인의 스튜디오 과제 파이널 이미지- option 2: 본인의 DA제출용 디지털건축 이미지 (실제 DA제출은 차기 DA공모전)

DA2015 – 디지털건축 Presentation 부문 (Bi-annually base)

- 창의적 디지털 기법을 활용한 건축 이미지- 다양한 프로그램을 이용한 창의적 이미지 (사진합성 포함)- 사진의 경우 원본을 수정하여도 무방함. (창의적 기법 필수)- 3D 입체 기술을 이용한 정지화상(예: Anaglyph 및 편광방식 입체 이미지 등)- 세부적인 주제의 제한 없음

* 동일한 주제의 작품은 한 개의 응모 부문에만 출품할 수 있음

Typical award winners:

Design a building of the future

http://da2015.or.kr/

Design Idea & Concept Visualization

from IDEA Design book, A&C Publishing Co., Ltd.

IDEA Design

By A&C Publishing Co., Ltd.

THE SCOTTS TOWERArchitect_UNStudio, Location_singapore

ZOOMLION HEADQUARTERSINTERNATIONAL PLAZA-SINGLE TOWERArchitect_amphibianArc, Location_Changsha, China

ZOOMLION HEADQUARTERSINTERNATIONAL PLAZA-TWIN TOWERArchitect_amphibianArc, Location_Changsha, China

ROCKMAGNETENArchitect_MV RDV & COBE

Location_Roskide, Denmark

ATLANTIC CITY BOARDWALKHOLOCAUST MEMORIALArchitect_Kanjun Lee

Location_Atlantic City, USA

POP-UP HOTELArchitect_PinkCloud.DK

Location_New York, USA

INSTANT HOUSE<INSTANT LUNG>

Architect_Ryszard Rychlicki

Location_Milan, Italy

BLOCK A101

Architect_KLNB Keeyong LEE + Nened BASIC architects

Location_Russia

BUSAN OPERA HOUSEArchitect_Sunjin Engineering & Architecture Co. Ltd

Location_Busan, South Korea

BUSAN OPERA HOUSEArchitect_Sunjin Engineering & Architecture Co. Ltd

Location_Busan, South Korea

THE ICEBERG

Architect_CEBRA+JDS+SeRCH+Louis Pailard

Location_Aarhus, Denmark

UDBETALING DANMARK HOLSTEBROArchitect_CEBRA Location_Holstebro, Denmark

A MOSQUE FOR ALLArchitect_BIG Location_Tirana, Albania

3d Modeling & Design Representation

What’s this?

What’s this?

Front

Bottom

Top

Left Right

A chair design

A chair design: Hide & Perspective

From 2D drafting to 3D modeling

Plan: Top view

Plan: Front view Elevation

3D Axonometric (still 2D drawing)

3D Surface Model 3D Solid Model

2D Drafting 3D Modeling

Capturing some visualizations from the model:Rendering, Animation…

Review – CAD history

The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D

The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D

The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling

The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling

The design is the integrated representation of

all the compositional, analytical and fabrication

representations of the product

(Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling

H

W

D

Parameters:H, W, D

+ Information

Information Modeling

Review: 3d graphics software interface

Famous 3ds MAX. Since MS-DOS. Officially announced 3ds MAX at Siggraph 1995

How to use computer software? – GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Menu

Icons / Toolbar

Tabbed (grouped) Icons / Toolbar (Ribbon Interface by Microsoft)

Typing,Clicking,Drag and drop,Key stroke …

How to interact with computer software? – User Interfaces, as of 2012

CLI Command Line Interfaces- Command prompt

GUI Graphical User Interfaces- Windows, Mac

NUI Natural User Interfaces- Touch, motion, voice..

General software we use today

General CG software: for Efficiency and Precisione.g. AutoCAD command line

Why 3d graphics software is very hard to learn?

Ideal interfaces for 3D modeling- 3d laser scanning… (from real world objects)- Image processing (from 2d pictures to 3d model)- Beyond keyboard & mouse:

Tangible devices for manipulating 3d objects in 3d way

Most 3d graphics tools)- Handling 3d objects on 2d screen!- Too complicated 3d modeling on 2d views- Too many icons! (limitation of GUI)- Too complex options, too many function

This gap makes you hard to get 3d graphics!

Example - Another 3d modeling method: Laser Scanning

Laser Scanner

Scanning

Point Cloud

Example - Another 3d modeling method: Image-based geometry reconstruction

Google image search

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGNesS8vo4M&list=PL804CCE3AA34C3A40

Actual reason – why 3d graphics software is too hard to learn?

Quiz – do you know these?

Ray tracing, global illumination…

Bump mapping, Phong Shading…

Bezier curve, Spline, NURBS, control point, segments…

UV mapping, UVW

Polygon mesh

Sweeping, lathing

Knowing about camera and lenses – focal distance, aperture, exposure…

Without understanding what are these, learning 3ds MAX is equivalent to “memorizing the order of clicking

buttons among hundreds of icons, in a messy GUI interface”.

If you understand the logic, rather than the order of clicking buttons, you can learn any complicated modern 3d modeling

& rendering software such as Rhino, Maya, Blender, Digital Project, and so on, of course including 3ds MAX.

Review: 3d “Geometric” Modeling

Geometry for making 3d objects

Modeling 3d object:

Creating an object (hard to do, except making primitives)

And Modifying it (very hard to do – modify in 2d geometry)

Creating 3d objects

0 Primitives

A legendary Utah Teapot, developed by Martin Newell

Creating 3d objects

1 Extrusion: extruding a polygon

Creating 3d objects

2 Lathing: revolving a surface

Creating 3d objects

3 Sweeping: sweep a section profile onto a polygon path

Creating 3d objects

4 Others: Skinning, Boolean operation (CSG)…

Preview: Building Information Modeling tool

Autodesk Revit – Building Object-based modeling

Review – CAD history

The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D

The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D

The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling

The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling

The design is the integrated representation of

all the compositional, analytical and fabrication

representations of the product

(Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling

H

W

D

Parameters:H, W, D

+ Information

Information Modeling

Autodesk Revit 2016, as of 2015

How to “model” a building in Autodesk Revit?

Modeling walls, columns, doors, spaces, floors – not points, lines, surfaces

- But it doesn’t mean Revit has no geometry editing tools. It still has powerful tools.

Designing a building object, based on several pre-defined object families

- System Family: pre-defined building objects in Revit

- User Family (Custom Objects): any kind of user-defined building objects

Each object’s geometry is parametrically editable

- A wall’s “width”, “height” and “thickness”, NOT “length” of the lines

All objects have related each other – Parametric “Constraints”

- E.g.: All walls in Level 1 have a “constraint” to the bottom of Level 2

We just implemented this on BIM tools, much smarter than OSNAP in AutoCAD

Revit interface basics1. Start a command

Clicking icons in Ribbon interface

2. Choose an option from the associated temporary tab

Editing, modifying in an additional Ribbon tab

3. Do something in the model view window

Add a new project – using Metric template

1 2

3

Wall object modeling on top of the given CAD drawing

Door Object: You can add more door objects from the Library

1

2

Add a double-flush door

Door Object in Revit – Floor Plan view & 3d view

Window Object in Revit – Floor Plan view & 3d view

Modeling a stair in Sketch Mode

Draw a stair run in Sketch mode

Finish it and exit Sketch mode

Component

In Component Properties: several available interior architectural items

More Components from internet – e.g. Herman Miller furniturehttp://www.hermanmiller.com/design-resources/3d-models-revit/revit-families-and-typicals/product-categories.html

Floor Object

Modeling a floor object: also in Sketch mode – draw

boundary lines of floor slab

Must finish it after modeling the floor boundary

lines

Floor slab

Next week: A bit detailed modeling & entire floors

- Interior Walls- Doors- Windows- Stairs- Components (furniture, etc.)- Spaces (Revit Room objects)

Smart Copy: copy & paste your objects in a smart way

Copy objects

Smart selection by Filter

Smart Selection of Objects by “Filter”

Smart selection by Filter

Smart Copy

Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)http://oubaas.deviantart.com/art/Revit-render-test-84446464

http://www.revitcity.com/forum_files/26537_banking_hall_1.jpg

Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)

Recommended: Use Revit & MAX for better photo-realistic rendering images

Revit:

MAX:

Rendered by Mental Ray on Revit – Photo-realistic rendering

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

Rendered by Mental Ray on Revit – Photo-realistic rendering

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

Back to Geometric Modeling:

Surface-based 3d Modeling by 3ds Max

mostly for Design Visualization

An Example 3ds MAX Modeling & Representation -

“Geometric Modeling” – no need to be a smart model

Scenario: Workspace design concept developmentusing 3d visualization (3ds MAX)

3ds MAX use scenario in interior architecture design

Define UoD

Retouching in 2d Graphics Tools

(Geometric) Modeling

Material mapping

Rendering

Lights Camera Rendering scenes

Modeling universe (environment) Modeling design elements

2d sketch 3d modeling

Import Modification…

Planes Walls

Sky, outside view Modification…

What’s in your mind? - Roughly sketch it freehand if needed - Plan hierarchy diagram and objects

Photoshop (or others) supports lots of complicated effects- Modify: Level, Color balance, Sharpness, Gaussian blur, etc.- Add: Remapping, Compose, Texts, etc.

An Example Concept & Development – “Media Wall Office” visualization

This is a small office for an IT-based design company, a part of a high-rise building

They design Web-based media such as Prezi, Flash, e-contents, etc.

They need to get feedback frequently from users, remotely

Non-structural columns for digital communication! Media Posts!

Columns are connected to the network

They have several built-in touch-pad devices

Designers “post” their design to the Media Posts, and get feedback

Windows are also another type of Media board: Transparent screens

Reference Images

Blurring Space, JK Lee et al, 2003

Reference Images

Stage 1: Modeling architectural environment

1 Create a box object: with enough segments in a proper size, e.g. 12m X 20m X 6m

2 Convert it into “Editable Poly”

3 Delete one side wall

4 Other 3 sides should be “Flip”

Stage 2: Photometric Lights

1 Create a Photometric light on the ceiling

2 Copy “instances” using Shift + Move icon

3 Adjust light options: Cylindrical emit, Intensity 50cd, set color, etc.

4 Test render inside for seeing inside brightness

Stage 3: Place a Camera

1 Place a target camera

2 Adjust its location properly

3 Adjust camera options: Focal distance (use wide), Multi-pass effect (depth of field), etc

4 Create a Camera view, test render inside for seeing via camera

Stage 4: Modeling Interior Elements

1 Create interior elements: create a box and copy instances (Columns)

2 Create interior elements: other elements dependent upon Level of Detail you want

3 Import elements: pre-defined furniture and/or cubicle system furniture, etc Copy instances

4 More lights and/or window modeling (still surface is okay in this LoD)

Stage 5: Material Mapping and Rendering

1 Assign one view port to the Camera, and toggle views using Alt + W

2 Assign colors into surface walls and interior elements: white

3 Assign preset materials to some of objects: Arch & Design solid glass to the window parts, floor..

4 Test render and adjust related setup: lights, material, camera lens & depth, etc Get your scene

Basic modeling, lighting, camera, and rendering by Mental RayNo texture mapping

Modeling – 1 side media windowNo texture mapping

Modeling – 3 sides media windowWindows: Arch & Design solid glass

Modeling – a little bit elaborated modelingWindows vertical rails: Arch & Design metal

Floor material (Arch & Design preset) & external lightsFloor: Arch & Design concrete

Floor material (Arch & Design preset) & external lights Concept rendering image: Need to retouch in Photoshop – Media images on the posts & screen

Floor material (Arch & Design preset) & external lights

Concept rendering image: Need to retouch in Photoshop – Media images on the posts & screen

Media screen mapping 1

Media screen mapping 2

Media screen mapping 3

A concept image of a workspace – this takes around 2 hours for modeling & rendering LINK

Lab Exercise 00: 3ds Max basic render environment

- Basic render environment file for Mental Ray- Basic render environment file for Vray

Use them for your “precision” modeling & quick rendering preview

Environment_MentalRay.max

1,000mm

1,000mm

Lab Exercises 01:

Camera MR Multi-pass effect (+ Caustics)

Lab Exercise 01

Render a “Crystal Balls” scene in 3ds Max using MR, with Caustics + Multi-pass

Open “Crystal Ball.max” file

- Copy & Paste few more balls: 6-7 crystal balls

- Place a camera

- Turn on Caustics in Render Setup

- Turn on Generate Caustics in Object Property

- Adjust camera options: FOV, focal distance, view angle…

- Turn on MR Multi-pass effect

- Render a scene: Caustics & Multi-pass! Advanced camera effects

Render your final scenes Store under your named folder

How to enable MR Caustics:

1. Turn on Caustics in GI tab:

Render setup - Indirect Illumination – GI

2. Turn on target objects “Generate Caustics”:

Object right click – object property

3. Turn on lights’ “Generate Caustics”

Rendering Example

Lab Exercises 02: Rendering HD images & reducing time

- 3ds Max + Vray using Light cache & Irradiance map- 3ds Max + MR using FG map & GI map

very high resolution images rendering for: Studio finals, Competitions, Graduation work, etc.

Lab Exercises 02: High Resolution image rendering tip

How to save your time for rendering High Definition (high resolution) images?

1. Render a very low resolution image (e.g. 320 X 180 pixel)

2. Save your calculation files (Global illumination related, light cache…)

3. Load saved calculation files (“From file” option)

4. Render in HD (1920 X 1080 pixel or much bigger e.g. 6000 X 5000 pixel)

Render buckets directly generate the final images without calculation

- In Vray: Save Irradiance map file, light cache… (*.vrmap, *vrlmap, vrpmap…)

- In MR: Save Final Gather(FG) map file, GI map…

Besides, this enables you to render a clean image without color bleed

Render your Vray final scene in HD Store under your named folder

Render your MR final scene in HD Store under your named folder

Reducing rendering time

Rendering consists of 1) calculation, and 2) image generation

calculation can be saved as a file (map file), and reused by another rendering with high resolution

this only takes image generation time, without long calculation time

At this moment, swapping map file can be applicable for avoiding color bleed, etc.

Avoid too detailed mesh models,

Use good mapping sources,

Do not load unnecessary models behind the scene,

Fix geometric errors, etc.

…And?

1920 X 1080 pixel image rendering in a couple of minutes, using Mental Ray in 3ds Max

Low resolution image

Lab Ex 05 – 1: Rendering HD image using Vray & Cache/map files

High resolution image

Lab Ex 05 – 2: Rendering HD image using MR FG/GI map files

Low resolution image

High resolution image

Reducing “Color Bleeding” using saved map files

Sometimes Color Bleeding hinders rendering good images

It can be controlled by replacing with different map files

Reducing “Color Bleeding” using saved map files

If needed, use different mapping colors for both:

1) making map file (with non-color bleeding colors), and

2) HD rendering (with any wanted colors)

Low resolution image

for making non-color bleeding map files (white background)

Lab Exercises 03: Rendering your building model

(Review from the last week Lab Exercises)

MR Daylight system or Photometric lights

Architectural rendering (no need to be photo-realistic)

Architectural rendering (no need to be photo-realistic)

Submission: render scene

like these

Lab Exercises 04:

- Make your Office: (Pseudo) 3D Building Model

- Refer to the slides today (media wall office case)

Stage 1: Modeling architectural environment

1 Create a box object: with enough segments in a proper size, e.g. 12m X 20m X 6m

2 Convert it into “Editable Poly”

3 Delete one side wall

4 Other 3 sides should be “Flip”

Stage 2: Photometric Lights

1 Create a Photometric light on the ceiling

2 Copy “instances” using Shift + Move icon

3 Adjust light options: Cylindrical emit, Intensity 50cd, set color, etc.

4 Test render inside for seeing inside brightness

Stage 3: Place a Camera

1 Place a target camera

2 Adjust its location properly

3 Adjust camera options: Focal distance (use wide), Multi-pass effect (depth of field), etc

4 Create a Camera view, test render inside for seeing via camera

Stage 4: Modeling Interior Elements

1 Create interior elements: create a box and copy instances (Columns)

2 Create interior elements: other elements dependent upon Level of Detail you want

3 Import elements: pre-defined furniture and/or cubicle system furniture, etc Copy instances

4 More lights and/or window modeling (still surface is okay in this LoD)

Stage 5: Material Mapping and Rendering

1 Assign one view port to the Camera, and toggle views using Alt + W

2 Assign colors into surface walls and interior elements: white

3 Assign preset materials to some of objects: Arch & Design solid glass to the window parts, floor..

4 Test render and adjust related setup: lights, material, camera lens & depth, etc Get your scene

Media screen mapping 3

Next Class

Geometric Modeling & Modification Technique in 3ds Max

3ds Max Design + Mental Ray Technique

Architectural Modeling by AutoCAD dwg files