1.02 remember the structures of the skeletal system of the long bones 1.02 remember the structures...

1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system


What do you know?

1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 3

• What is the process of bone formation? • What are the structures of the long

bones? • What are the structures of the skeletal

system?

1.02 Remember the structures

of the skeletal system

Essential Standards:

Bone formation


Microscopic mature bone cells

Identify the osteocytes.

Osteo = bone Cyte = cell

Bone formation

Ossification – new minerals deposit to form bone

Discuss the process of ossification?

How do we know ossification occurs?

Example 1.02 Remember the structures of

the skeletal system 5

Bone formation

Ossification –

Minerals replace previously formed cartilage.

Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification.

As bones ossify, they become hard.


Bone formation

How do we know ossification occurs?

Long bones grow in length and ossify from the center to the ends.

Give examples of ossification.


Bone formation


Types of Bones


Discuss their possible function based on

appearance.

Types of Bones


Long bones

• Found in the arms and legs

Types of Bones


Flat bones

• Bones of the skull • Ribs

Types of Bones


Irregular bones

• Spinal column

Types of Bones


Short bones

• Wrist

Structures of long bones


Identify structures

of the long

bones.

Compare spongy bone to compact

bone.

Structure of the long bones


Compare structures of the long

bones.

Discuss the importance of having both types

of bone tissue.



• Compact bone is the heaviest, hardest type of bone. It needs to be very strong as it supports your body and muscles as you walk, run, and move throughout the day.

• Spongy bone is found mostly at the ends of bones and joints • a lot like your kitchen sponge. Pores are filled with marrow, nerves,

and blood vessels that carry cells and nutrients in and out of the bone.

• bones are filled with a soft tissue called marrow • Red bone marrow is where all new red blood cells, white blood

cells, and platelets are made • Yellow marrow is made mostly of fat and is found in the hollow

centers of long bones, such as the thigh bones • Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bone as your body grows.

They also rebuild existing bones when they are broken



• Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bone as your body grows. They also rebuild existing bones when they are broken

• Osteocytes are star shaped bone cells most commonly found in compact bone. They are actually old osteoblasts that have stopped making new bone

• Osteoclasts break down and reabsorb existing bone

Skeleton


The axial skeleton is blue.

Axial Skeleton


The axial skeleton is blue.

Axial Skeleton

Skull frontal view

Identify the structures of the frontal view of the skull.

1.02 Remember the structures of


Axial Skeleton

Skull lateral view

Identify the structures of the lateral view of the skull.

1.02 Remember the structures of


Axial Skelton


Hyoid Bone

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

Axial Skeleton


Spinal column

Identify the structures of the spinal vertebra.

Vertebral Structure

Axial Skeleton


Spinal column

Identify the vertebrae in the spinal column.

Axial Skeleton


Spinal column

Identify the vertebrae in this x-ray.

Appendicular Skeleton


The appendicular skeleton is beige.



Shoulder girdle

Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities.



Pelvic girdle

Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.



Pelvic girdle

Identify the structures of the lower extremities.



Pelvis

Identify the

structures of the pelvis.



Pelvic girdle

Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.



Pelvic girdle

Compare

the male and female pelvis.

Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

Joints:


Articulations, points of contact between two bones

Classified by fx or structure

•Picture of bonesxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Joints

Movement

Diarthroses = moveable joints

Four types

Ball and socket

Pivot

Gliding

Hinge


Joints

Ball and socket

One bone has a ball at one end

The other has a concave socket

Allows for the greatest range of motion

Ex: shoulder


Joints:

Diarthroses


Example of a ball and socket joint.

Joints

Hinge joint

Move in one direction


Joints:

Diarthroses


Example of a hinge joint

Knee

Elbow

Outer joint of finger

Define uniaxial

Affecting one axis

Joints

Pivot joints

Bones that rotate across each other

Axis at 2nd vertebrae allows head t turn


Joints:

Diarthroses


Identify the pivot joints in this x-ray

Identify other pivot joints

neck

Joints

Gliding joint

Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other


Joints


Example of gliding joint

Give examples not pictured here

ankles

Joints


Amphiarthroses

Partially movable joints

Cartilage connects the articulating bone

Examples: symphysis pubis – bone between two pubic bones

Joints between vertebrae – allows trunk to move forward/sideways

Change picture to pubic bone/vertebrae

Joints


Synarthroses

Immovable joints

Connected by fibrous connective tissue, joints between cranial bones – known as sutures

Bursa and

Synovial Membrane


Bursa

Fluid-filled sac that contains the synovial membrane

Lined by synovial membrane


Synovial membrane

Capsule that encloses a joint

Lines the bursa

Contains synovial fluid

Bursa and

Synovial Membrane


• What is the process of bone formation? • What are the structures of the long bones? • What are the structures of the skeletal

system?


Essential Standards:

1.02 Remember the structures of the

skeletal system

The End


1.02 remember the structures of the skeletal system of the long bones 1.02 remember the structures...

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