101206 intelligent buildings
DESCRIPTION
This document discusses the concept of intelligent buildings, its principles and the benefits that it can bring to organisations who adopt this philosophy within their real estate. Whilst most of its aspects can be replicated in different building types and industries, care should be taken of the context and purpose of the building. After all, although the purpose of buildings is the same regardless of industry – to enhance occupiers output – the actual output differs per industry and, therefore, an intelligent building will mean something differently for an educational establishment compared to an office block. Within this document I focus on office buildings because in many respects they are one of the most complex and fast changing environments that exist currently, but also because intelligent buildings is becoming a prime discussion point either because of legislation (e.g. energy savings through the Carbon Reduction Commitment and Part L) or through increasing awareness of the impact that built assets have on the bottomline. Care should be taken that the term “intelligence” should not only apply to the intelligence of the buildings themselves through systems and ICT, but also in how far they are intelligently designed, built, run and maintained.TRANSCRIPT
MARTIJNMOERBEEK
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGSMANAGE. MONITOR. MAXIMISE. MITIGATE.
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)2 /
THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMYKNOWLEDGE IS POWER...
INFORMATION AND SKILLS ACQUIRED THROUGH EXPERIENCE OR EDUCATION(a work environment that is conducive to learning and development)
KNOWLEDGE
THE SUM OF WHAT IS KNOWN(knowledge sharing and collaboration promoted through the workplace)
AWARENESS OR FAMILIARITY GAINED BY EXPERIENCE OF A FACT OR SITUATION(spaces that encourage interaction and creation of social networks)
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)3 /
WORK:PLACE DISCONNECTINEFFICIENCIES IN THE WORKPLACE...
58%
DESIGN & NEEDS58% of office workers do not believe that their office has been designed to support their company’s business nor that it is conducive to their own job function and activities.
30% 24%
CHURN &CHANGESA churn rate of 30% due to organisational change is typical and constitutes one of the highest operating costs for most companies, costing the country around £2bn per annum.
PRODUCTIVITY &INEFFICIENCY24% of staff satisfaction is influenced by comfort, surroundings, systems, environment and layout, with £134bn per annum in lost productivity due to bad office design.
40%
ENERGY &SUSTAINABILITYEnergy is the largest manageable cost of many companies with buildings accounting for 40 percent of the world’s energy use with the resulting carbon emissions.
(Gensler, 2005; Brittain, 2005; CABE, 2005; WBCSD, 2009)
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)4 /
GENIUS LOCITHE SPIRIT OF A PLACE...
+FORM GEOMETRY STRUCTURE PHYSICAL
EFFICIENCY
=NEEDS RELATIONS INTERACTIONS USAGE
EFFECTIVENESS
FUNCTION MEANING VALUE ATMOSPHERE
EXPRESSION
PEOPLESPACE PLACE
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)5 /
WORK TRENDSLIBERATING THE WORKFORCE...
TRIM FAT VALUE FOR MONEY WHOLE LIFE CYCLE SPACE REDUCTION
EFFICIENCY
NETWORKS DISORGANISATION COLLABORATION WORK MODES
EFFECTIVENESS
SPACE & TIME ANY PLACE & TIME WORK < > LIFE WORK PRACTICES
EXPRESSION
>> >>FIT FLEX FLUID
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)6 /
FOCUS AREASTHE THREE KEY DRIVERS FOR WORKPLACES...
EFFE
CTIV
ENES
S
EFFICIENCY
EFFECTIVENESESINCREASE KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERIf knowledge exchange becomes critical, certain spatial layouts, social facilities and designed networks can support faster exchange of information up and down the development chain.
EXPRESSIONENHANCE CORPORATE BRANDING
If the company wants to promote its corporate image as dynamic and innovative and increase staff attraction and retention rates, a dynamic and innovative headquarters building helps.
EFFICIENCYINTENSIFY SPACE UTILISATIONIf there is a need to make economies to improve business efficiency, design strategies that increase space utilisation and density of occupation can help to trim property costs.
(based on DEGW, 2005)
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)7 /
THE WORKPLACE PARADIGMTHE FOUR PILLARS OF GOOD WORKPLACES...
BUILDING PHYSICS
Space and climate complement each other by utilising passivedesign principles as determined by carefulbuilding physics engineering.
BUILDING INTELLIGENCE
The climate is monitored and managed by building systems
that amend environmental conditions on the basis of
real-time occupation densities.
INFRASTRUCTURE ADAPTABILITYSystems assist with space utilisation and management and are designed and installed in a manner that allows for rapid reconfiguration if organisational needs change.
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)8 / 8
SPACEGRADATIONS OF SPACE UTILISATION...
impact
space
systems
climate
cellular space
open plan
addition of supporting communal spaces:
collaborateconcentratecontemplate
breaking link between workstation and individual
full non-territorial environment withstaff working in settings most suitable to activity
WORKPLACEEFFICIENCYincrease density and churn with standard office furniture
standardised to allow staff to relocate easily
optimised, but generalised to the average human being
WORKPLACEEFFICIENCYbuilding supports more workers than available workstations
supports mobility inside and outside the offices
greater individual controllability of the workplace environment
WORKPLACEEFFECTIVENESSprovide more appropriate environments to support work
supports mobility, including internal telephone systems
ambient conditions defined by requirements of task performed
WORKPLACEMAXIMISATIONspace designed and supplied around needs of business processes
balances specialist and generic ict on department basis
highly flexible and future-proofed to cater for rapid reconfiguration
(based on DEGW, 2005)
stage 1 ● stage 2 ● stage 3 ● stage 4 ● stage 5 ●
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)9 /
CLIMATEGRADATIONS OF CONTEXTUAL CONTROL...
OCCUPANT CONTROLA greater degree of control over one’s environment increases motivation and
thereby overall performance PHYSICALBasic human needs: safety, hygiene & accessibility
DISCOMFORTFight or Flight
FUNCTIONALErgonomic furniture, tasklighting and enclosures
PSYCHOLOGICALOwnership, territoriality& belonging
TASK & TEAM PERFORMANCEComplement the general climate with
localised additions suitable to individual or team activities
BUILDING REGULATIONSOptimise the base level in such
a way that it results in the minimum amount of
disruptions and distractions to staff.
(based on Vischer, 2007)
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)10 /
SYSTEMSGRADATIONS OF SYSTEMS INTEGRATION...
BUILDING SYSTEMS ICT SYSTEMS BUSINESS SYSTEMS
ICT
BMS, CCTV, Access Control,
Lighting Control, Intruder, Fire
Voice, Data,Video, Internet, E-Mail, IP-Based
Applications
ERP, MRP,CRM, SAP,
Oracle, SAGE,Coins
“business performance” through enterprise integration
INTEGRATED BUILDING
MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS
INTEGRATED BUSINESS
PROCESSESICT
“building performance” through systems integration
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)11 /
INTEGRATION OPPORTUNITIESASSETS, HARDWARE & SOFTWARE...
strong business benefits
weak business benefits
easy
to im
plem
ent)
diffi
cult
to im
plem
ent
BUSINESS SYSTEMSENERGY
ASSET TRACKING
VIDEO
DATA
VOICE
INTEGRATED SOFTWARE
ACCESSCONTROL
LIGHTINGBMS
CCTV
LIFE & SAFETY
INTRUDER
FIRE
CONVER-GED IP
INTEGRATEDBUILDING MANAGEMENT
ENTERPRISEINTEGRATION
SYSTEMSINTEGRATION
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)12 /
LIFECYCLE PHILOSOPHYIMPACTING CAPEX AND OPEX...
1
2
3
4 MANAGE ASSETSProactively and reactively manage
all aspects of the property, its assets, its operations and how
users interface with the property.prerequisite: policies
MONITOR BEHAVIOURCapturing of data relating to how the property ‘feels’, what it ‘sees’,
what it ‘thinks’ and how behaviours of its users change over time.
prerequisite: knowledge
MITIGATE RISKSChallenge conventional thinking to add value whilst reducing risks in operations, health & safety, welfare and sustainabilityprerequisite: guidance
MAXIMISE PERFORMANCESystematically enhancing the whole life performance of the property, as well as positively impacting on the behaviour of its occupants and users.prerequisite: focus
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)13 /
MANAGE ASSETSHUMAN OR SYSTEMS DRIVEN...
SYSTEMS INTERVENTION
HARD POLICYBuilding management is driven by automated systems that manage,
dictate and optimise building assets and the internal environment with
some level of direct user input.
HUMANINTERVENTION
SOFT POLICYBuilding management is driven by humans, their behaviours and their interaction with the building assets through manual interventions based on their individual requirements.
SimpleIndividual
Fallible
OptimisedGeneralised
FallibleSUPPORT SYSTEMS On-site engineers Management policies One point-of-contact One single help-desk Real-time management information
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)14 /
MONITOR BEHAVIOURINTEGRATING NECESSARY SYSTEMS...
INTELLIGENT
fire e
xting
uishe
rs
BUILDINGS
integratedbuildingmanagementsystems
integrated
communications
SUB SYSTEM SUB SYSTEM
safe
ty &
secu
rity
envi
ronm
ent
cont
rol
elec
tric
al
man
agem
ent
fire det
ection
secu
rity d
etec
tion
acce
ss co
ntro
lBE
MS
HVAC
sani
tary
elec
tric
al m
anag
.
lighti
ng
cabl
e m
anag
emen
t
BUILDING SERVICES FUNCTIONS COMMUNICATIONS FUNCTIONS
voice
image
data
radiotelephone
telecoms
CCTV
video text
video
telex
teletext
electronic mail
internet
(based on McHale, 1989)
TIER ONESeparate building and
communications functions
TIER THREEConnected through a
higher level LAN protocol
TIER TWOSerial-linked with common
supervisory computer
TIER FOURPeer-to-peer with common
communication protocol
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)15 /
MAXIMISE BENEFITSDETERMINING THE HIGH IMPACT AREAS...
OPPORTUNITY OPPORTUNITY
threat/riskthreat/risk standards
sustain-
ability
effectivenesseffectivenesssafesecure flexible
efficiency
efficiencybuildingsenergy
opp’sen
viron
men
tal
econ
omic
soci
alVALUE
investors/owners
PERFORMANCE
owners/occupiers
developers
architects/
consultantsbuilding contractorM
&E contractor
FM provider
ICT providerbuilding services
controls suppliersystems integrator
PRIME DRIVERSTriple bottom line aligned with sustainable development
KEY BENEFITSTo be unlocked throughIntegration, information and intelligence in buildings
PROFIT & OPPORTUNITYValue to owner/
end-user and other stakeholders
(based on I&I Proplan, 2004)
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)16 /
MITIGATE RISKINHERENT BUILDING AND BUSINESS RISKS...
BUSINESS CONTINUITYPotential loss of income BUILDING BUSINESS
FUTURE PROOFINGPotential loss of opportunity
RISK AREAS Health Safety Fire Life Security Failure Negligence Downtime
RISK AREAS Political
Economic Social
Technological Legal
Environmental
Intelligent Buildings / © Martijn Moerbeek (2010)17 /
INTELLIGENT BENEFITSBALANCING NEEDS VERSUS OUTCOMES...
EFFICIENCY Floorspace
CAPEX vs OPEX Space utilisation
Risk
EXPRESSION Any place, any time
Branding Adaptability
Sustainability
EFFECTIVENESS Productivity
Collaboration Satisfaction
Welfare
Contact
Martijn Moerbeek10 Hartington RoadBuxtonDerbyshireSK17 6JWUnited Kingdom
t: +44 (0)1298 747 22e: [email protected]