10.1 the mole: a measurement of matter -...

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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The Mole: A Measurement of Matter

You could measure the amount of sand in a sand sculpture by counting each grain of sand, but it would be much easier to weigh the sand. You’ll discover how chemists measure the amount of a substance using a unit called a mole, which relates the number of particles to the mass.

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Measuring Matter

Measuring Matter

What are three methods for measuring the amount of something?

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> Measuring Matter

You often measure the amount of something by one of three different methods—by count, by mass, and by volume.

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What is a Mole?

What Is a Mole?

How is Avogadro’s number related to a mole of any substance?

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> What is a Mole?

A mole of any substance contains Avogadro’s number of representative particles, or 6.02 × 1023 representative particles.

The term representative particle refers to the species present in a substance: usually atoms, molecules, or formula units.

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> What is a Mole?

Converting Number of Particles to Moles

One mole (mol) of a substance is 6.02 × 1023 representative particles of that substance and is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance.

The number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02 × 1023, is called Avogadro’s number.

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> What is a Mole? 10.1


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> What is a Mole?

Converting Moles to Number of Particles

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The Mass of a Mole of an Element

The Mass of a Mole of an Element

How is the atomic mass of an element related to the molar mass of an element?

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> The Mass of a Mole of an Element

The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams is the mass of a mole of the element.

The mass of a mole of an element is its molar mass.

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> The Mass of a Mole of an Element

One molar mass of carbon, sulfur, mercury, and iron are shown.

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The Mass of a Mole of a Compound

The Mass of a Mole of a Compound

How is the mass of a mole of a compound calculated?

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> The Mass of a Mole of a Compound

To calculate the molar mass of a compound, find the number of grams of each element in one mole of the compound. Then add the masses of the elements in the compound.

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> The Mass of a Mole of a Compound

Substitute the unit grams for atomic mass units. Thus 1 mol of SO3 has a mass of 80.1 g.

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10.1 the mole: a measurement of matter -...

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