Junior Level Linux Certification

Exam Objectives

Key Knowledge Areas

Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS. Find files and commands on a Linux system. Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.

Objective 4: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Find system files and place files in the correct location Weight: 2

Terms and Utilities

find locate updatedb whereis which type /etc/updatedb.conf

2

File system Hierarchy Standard

3

Directories required in / by the Filesystem Hierarchy StandardSet of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under UNIX-like operating systems.

Directory Description

bin Essential command binariesboot Static files of the boot loaderdev Device filesetc Host-specific system configurationlib Essential shared libraries and kernel modulesmedia Mount point for removable mediamnt Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarilyopt Add-on application software packagessbin Essential system binariessrv Data for services provided by this systemtmp Temporary filesusr Secondary hierarchyvar Variable data

http://www.pathname.com/fhs/

Create partitions and filesystems

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

4

Ex:

Create partitions and filesystems

Locating Files

# find /home/angie –name stuff/home/angie/stuff

# find /home/angie –user root/home/angie/morestuff

find utility is used to search for files.

5

Find system files and place files in the correct location

Syntax: find /path expression

Ex:

Options:-atime Searches based on the number of days since last accessed.-ctime Searches based on the number of days since directory entry last changed.-group Searches for files belonging to the specified group.-newer Searches for files more recent than the specified file.-name Searches for files with names matching the specified string.-user Searches for files belonging to the specified user.

Locating Files

locate provides a secure way to index and quickly search for files on your system.Uses slocate database, by default, to find file locations. Db is updated with cmd updatedb

6

Find system files and place files in the correct location

Syntax: locate –options arguments

Options:-u Start at / when creating the slocate database.-U /PATH Start at the specified path when creating the slocate database.-e DIR Exclude the specified directories when creating the slocate database.-c Parses the /etc/updatedb.conf file when creating the database.-i Searches without regard to case.-o FILE Specifies the output file to create.-d PATH Specifies the path of databases to search.

The database is located in: /etc/updatedb.conf

Locating Files

# which locate/usr/bin/locate

which takes one or more arguments. For each argument it prints to stdout

7

Find system files and place files in the correct location

Syntax: which –options program-name

Ex:

Locating Files

whereis locates source/binary and manuals sections for specified files.

8

Find system files and place files in the correct location

Options:

-b Searches for binaries.-m Searches for manual entries.-s Searches for sources.-u Searches for unusual entries that don’t have one entry for each type.-B Changes where whereis searches for binaries.-M Changes where whereis searches for manual sections.-S Changes where whereis searches for source code.

# whereis lsls: /bin/ls /usr/man/man1/ls.1.gz

Ex:

Fim de sessão

9