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World GeographyWorld Geography

Chapter 19

Central and Eastern Europe

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

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World GeographyWorld Geography

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Section 2: The Czech and Slovak Republics, and Hungary

Section 3: The Balkan Peninsula

Section 4: Baltic States and Border Nations

Chapter 19: Central and Eastern Europe

Section 1: Poland

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Warm-up-Chapter 19 section 1

In your notes, define the following term.

• Solidarity

Why was this so important in Poland during the 1970s and 1980s?

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Warm-Up

Chapter 19 Vocabulary Define:

Solidarity Roma Privatization

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Eastern Europe under Communism

One party dictatorial governments National economies planned and

directed by the state Abolition of private ownership in

manufacturing, mining, transportation, commerce and services

Abolition of independent trade unions

Varying degrees of state ownership of agriculture

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Physical Characteristics1

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While viewing the Rick Steves video, jot down some information on the following topics.1.How was the Catholic Church

important in Poland during the Cold War?

2.How did the Holocaust change Poland?

3.List any characteristics of Polish culture you see in the video.

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Physical Characteris

tics

Attachment to the land has helped Poles maintain their national identity, or sense of what characteristics make them a nation.

Thick forests once covered the flat lands, but most were cut down long ago to create farmland.

Mountainous areas are in the south. Soil is fertile except in the east and

northeast.

Most of Poland is covered by the North European Plain.

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World War II Most people living in Poland now are

Roman Catholic, but before World War II, Poland was a multiethnic nation.

Nazis built 6 concentration camps there during WWII.

About 6 million Poles, half of whom were Jews, were killed in the camps during the Holocaust.

After World War II, the Soviet Union took over lands in eastern Poland, and then expanded the border of western Poland, causing many Poles and Germans in the area to flee their homes.

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Poland from 1945-present Poland was under Soviet domination after WWII.

However, communism was never popular. The Roman Catholic Church remained strong

in Poland even though the Communists tried to suppress it.

Solidarity, an independent Polish workers’ labor union, pressed for economic and democratic reform.

Solidarity remained powerful despite being outlawed by the government, and Solidarity candidates won a large majority of the votes in free elections.

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Lech Walesa, leader of Solidarity, would eventually be elected president of Poland when Poland moved away from Communism.

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Chapter 19 Vocabulary Define:

Solidarity Velvet Revolution Privatization For Pre AP only: According to the

article you were to read for homework, how did the Polish government respond to the growing power and opposition of Solidarity? What effect did this have on the movement to get rid of communism?

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Warm-Up

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The Czech Republic At the end of World War I, the

Allies created a new nation, Czechoslovakia, which developed a stable democratic government.

Germany invaded in the 1930s, and the Soviets directed a Communist takeover after World War II.

Declining Soviet influence in the late 1980s spurred on the velvet revolution, or revolution without bloodshed, which resulted in a democratic government.

The Czech and Slovak republics separated in 1993.

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Two Regions2

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Two Regions

Bohemia is the source of many of the nation’s mineral resources and contains many mines and industries.

They face problems with pollution and acid rain.

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The western half of the Czech Republic is

called Bohemia, and the eastern half is

called Moravia.

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Slovakia The country is divided

between the rugged Carpathian Mountains in the north and the plains of the Danube in the south.

Slovakia has successfully made the transition from a communist economy to a capitalist economy.

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Hungary The Magyar people settled in

modern day Hungary in 895 AD. The eastern half of Hungary

consists of a broad plain called the Great Alföld, and its fertile soil has given Hungary the nickname the “breadbasket” of Europe.

Hungary actively resisted Communist rule and as a result, 350,000 were purged and 600,000 were sent to labor camps. An armed revolt in 1956 caused the Soviets to send in 150,000 troops and tanks to put the revolt down.

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Questions for Rick Steves Video

1. What group of people settled this area that would eventually become Hungary?

2. What other groups eventually came and settled in the area?

3. What group ruled from the 1500s to mid 1600s?4. Who ruled next?5. Today Hungary’s government is a ________________.6. What river flows through Budapest?7. What was the significance of St. Stephen being crowned

by the Pope?8. (According to the video) Hungarian folk music blends

these cultures.9. What was the subway originally designed to be?10. Describe the only art style acceptable to Communists?

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Section 2 Review

Which of the following describes the velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia?

a) The Czech and Slovak republics were created.b) The Communists took over the government.c) Czechoslovakia was created from former Hapsburg lands.d) A bloodless revolution resulted in the election of a democratic

parliament.

How has privatization affected Hungary?a) The economy has experienced an upturn.b) Communists seized control of the government.c) The country remains mired in an economic recession.d) The government set up collective farms.Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!

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Section 2 Review

Which of the following describes the velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia?

a) The Czech and Slovak republics were created.b) The Communists took over the government.c) Czechoslovakia was created from former Hapsburg lands.d) A bloodless revolution resulted in the election of a democratic

parliament.

How has privatization affected Hungary?a) The economy has experienced an upturn.b) Communists seized control of the government.c) The country remains mired in an economic recession.d) The government set up collective farms.Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!

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The Balkan Peninsula

How have Romania’s economic activities changed since the end of Communist rule?

What signs of economic growth can be seen in Bulgaria?

How have foreign nations been involved in Albanian development?

Why do internal tensions continue to challenge the people of the Balkan nations?

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Define

balkanize multiplier effect entrepreneur

Socratic SeminarIs it worth it to host the Olympics?

Do you agree with Rio’s strategy involving the favelas as they prepare for the 2016 Olympics? Why or why not? Someone take the opposite side?

What are the economic benefits of hosting the Olympics and how can they be realized?

Do you think the 2012 summer games will have a positive legacy in London?

Citizens’ lives are improved by living in a host city. Agree or disagree?

Is it worth it to host an Olympic games? Yes, no or it depends? How could it be worth it? Does it have to generate profit or build up infrastructure to be worth it?

What would be the characteristics of a host city with the most to gain from hosting an Olympic games? What cities that you know of fit this description?

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Romania

Despite rich natural resources, Romania has remained impoverished.

Nikolai Ceausescu, who ruled from 1965-1989, led the country into economic chaos until he was forced from office and executed in 1989.

Investment by an American soft drink maker has helped entrepreneurs to make small fortunes and through the multiplier effect, eleven new jobs were created for every job created by the soft drink maker.

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Bulgaria Because of fertile soil and a mild climate,

Bulgaria is known as the garden of Europe.

The Bulgarians, a Slavic people, have long been supported by the Russians, another Slavic people, and welcomed Soviet control after World War II.

Tourism has become important, as tourists flocking to resorts on the Black Sea coast bring with them desperately needed foreign currency.

Bulgaria’s economy has become more industrialized. They are considered an upper middle income country.

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Albania Known for decades as

“Europe’s Hermit,” Albania is now rebuilding links to a number of other nations.

After World War II, its Communist leaders turned away from both the Soviet Union and China, leaving Albania isolated and poor.

Greek and Italian manufacturers have built factories in Albania to take advantage of the low wages.

Albania has recently shown potential for growth.

Agriculture employs 58% of the work force.

They produce 13% of the figs in the world!!!!!!!

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Once Brothers

Be able to describe the following characters. What ethnicity are they? Personality? Feelings about politics in Yugoslavia?

Vlade Divac Drazen Petrovic

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Countries that were formerly part of Yugoslavia (created after WWI)

After Communist control ended in the late 1980s, Yugoslavia has broken up

into several countries.Serbia

Serbians are mainly Greek Orthodox and use the Cyrillic

alphabet.

CroatiaDifferences in religion and alphabet

have heightened conflicts with Serbs.Croats are mostly Catholic.

SloveniaWith a solid industrial base,

Slovenia is expected to recover from the problems of war and

independence.

Long-standing conflicts between Serbs and Croats led to civil war.

MacedoniaDifferences in language and

culture have led to conflict among ethnic groups.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosniaks are Muslim.

Copy the information on this slide down in your notebook.

MontenegroCitizens are mainly Greek

Orthodox.

KosovoFormerly part of Serbia. Mostly

ethnic Albanians.

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Section 3 ReviewHow has foreign investment affected Romania?

a) Jobs have been created both directly and through the multiplier effect.

b) Lack of foreign investment has led Romania into deeper poverty.

c) Foreign investment was withdrawn after the execution of Ceausescu.

d) Foreign investment has had no effect on the Romanian economy.

What has attracted manufacturers to build factories in Albania?a) Low wages.b) Rich mineral resources.c) Political stability.d) Trade agreements.

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Section 3 ReviewHow has foreign investment affected Romania?

a) Jobs have been created both directly and through the multiplier effect.

b) Lack of foreign investment has led Romania into deeper poverty.

c) Foreign investment was withdrawn after the execution of Ceausescu.

d) Foreign investment has had no effect on the Romanian economy.

What has attracted manufacturers to build factories in Albania?a) Low wages.b) Rich mineral resources.c) Political stability.d) Trade agreements.

Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!

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Baltic States and Border Nations

How has location affected the history and economies of the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia?

Why were many Ukrainians eager to break free of foreign domination?

How is Belarus closely linked with Russia, and how is Moldova closely linked with Romania?

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Vocabulary

annex diversify Chernobyl (look in your textbook)

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The Baltic States Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia share a similar flat

terrain with marshy lowlands and fertile plains. All three countries have benefited from access to

the sea and their location along trade routes, but have also suffered from numerous invasions from neighbors.

In 1939, the Soviet Union annexed, or formally added, the Baltic states, suppressing resistance and establishing naval bases.

The Baltic states became independent after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Ethnic diversity is a challenge in the Baltic states, as Estonia and Latvia have large numbers of Russian minorities.

All three Baltic countries have transformed their economies, and have worked to diversify, or increase the variety of, their industries.

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Questions over article What are the three core factors that led to

the chaos, according to the article? Why does Russia feel threatened by

Ukraine forming a closer partnership with Europe?

Why did many Ukrainians, especially in the Western part of the country, want Ukraine to sign political and economic agreements with the European Union?

Why did street protests erupt in November 2013?

What were some of the government missteps that helped further fuel the protests?

What additional questions do you have about what’s going on in Ukraine?

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Group 1: How did the unrest in Ukraine Begin? http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/12/10/world/

europe/ukraine-timeline.html Group 2: Who is President Yanukovych, and why

has he fled?• “Just Like His Power, Ukrainian Ex-Leader Vanishes Into Thin Air”• “As His Fortunes Fell in Ukraine, a President Clung to Illusions”• “Behind Gates, Bizarre Vision of Opulence”• “Inside the ‘Museum of Corruption’”

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Group 3: Who are the protesters? “Growing Support, and Tea From Young Women, Embolden

Kiev Street Fighters” and related video

“Growing Support, and Tea From Young Women, Embolden Kiev Street Fighters” and related video

“In Ukraine’s West, a Jumping-Off Point for Volunteers Heading to Kiev”

“Ukrainian Skier and Coach Withdraw to Protest Kiev Violence”

“A Ukrainian Uprising Fueled by Outrage (and Salted Pork Fat)” and related video

“Ukrainian Protesters Struggle to Keep Police and Cold at Bay”

“Scenes From Kiev’s Independence Square” 

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Group 4: Why did the unrest escalate in the past two weeks? “Ukraine’s Forces Escalate Attacks Against Protesters” “Renewed Fighting Shatters Truce in Ukraine” (slide

show) “Ukraine Leader Strains for Grip as Chaos Spreads” “Kiev Protesters Set Square Ablaze to Thwart Police” “Protesters Vacate Kiev’s City Hall in Deal for Amnesty”

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Group 5: What role do Russia and the West play in the Ukrainian crisis?

“Kremlin Says Ukrainian Instability Threatens Russian Interests”

“Wary Stance From Obama on Ukraine” “Deeply Bound to Ukraine, Putin Watches and Wa

its for Next Move” “An East-West Divide, Played Out on TV News” “Violence in Ukraine Creates Deepening Clash B

etween East and West”

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Group 6:What now? “Infighting Hurts Ukraine Efforts to Form a New

Government” “Amid Political Upheaval, Ukraine Faces Dire Ne

ed for Economic Help” “Ukrainian Protesters See Too Many Familiar Fac

es in Parliament After Revolution” “With President’s Departure, Ukraine Looks Tow

ard a Murky Future”

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UkraineForeign Domination For nearly five centuries,

various foreign powers controlled Ukraine.

By the 1700s, Russian rulers controlled the region.

Nearly four centuries of Russian rule developed strong links between the nations, but Ukrainian nationalism remained strong.

Under Soviet Rule Ukrainians suffered from

harsh policies under the Soviets.

During World War II, many Ukrainians collaborated with the Germans against the Russians.

An accident at the nuclear plant in Chernobyl in 1986 has left lingering pollution and health problems.

Since Independence Ukraine has long been a “breadbasket” of

Europe, and continues to export food products to neighboring countries.

Industry faces difficulties with old machinery, the need to import oil and natural gas, and the reluctance of investors to invest.

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Foldable Group 1

Romania Bulgaria Albania Baltic States Ukraine Hungary

Group 2 Bosnia and

Herzogovina Serbia Montenegro Croatia Slovenia Macedonia

• Group 1 should include the following bullet points on the following topics:

o Religiono How they were affected by

the Cold Waro Economyo Issues confronting this

country today

• Group 2 should include the following bullet points on the following topics:

o Religiono Demographics (Describe

the ethnic makeup of the country.)

o Languageo How they were affected by

the Balkan wars of the 1990s

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Chernobyl

Radiation Map

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Video Questions1. What caused the explosion at Chernobyl?2. Why was the Soviet government criticized for their response?3. What is so dangerous about this type of accident?4. In your view, is this type of accident a warning that we should

not use nuclear energy, or a warning that we must be more careful in using nuclear energy?

5. Regardless of how careful we are, could something else cause a nuclear reactor to have a radiation leak?

6. Is it worth the risk? 1. Pros:2. Cons:

7. What did they do with many of the pine trees that were exposed to radiation?

8. What did they do to the reactor after the accident?9. Does Ukraine think that everything is ok with the reactor today? If

not, what further actions do they think need to take place?10. Why is damage done by radiation largely invisible?

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Belarus and Moldova both have very close ties to larger nations.

Belarus and Moldova

Belarus Unlike other former Soviet

republics, many Belarussians favored reestablishing close ties with Russia, and the two countries have signed pacts to create a “union state.”

Belarus’ economy depends mainly on services and industry, but the nation must import most raw materials.

Belarus suffered heavily from the Chernobyl disaster.

Moldova Moldova was once a

Romanian principality, and most of its people are of Romanian descent.

Despite strong ties with Romania, residents rejected a proposal for union with Romania.

Though Soviet planners built up Moldova’s industry, the economy still depends on agricultural exports.

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Extra Map Instructions

On your map, give some basic information on the following important events/issues. Chernobyl Srebrenica Pripyat Chechnya (nationalist movement) Pollution in the Black Sea

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Test MistakesOn numbers 38 and 39 the answer choices should be…a. b.c. d.

Bonus Map Items

Countries (51-57)A. SerbiaB. LatviaC. HungaryD. RussiaE. PolandAB. CroatiaAC. UkraineCities (58-61)F. MoscowG. WarsawH. SarajevoI. KievPhysical Features (62-

65)J. Black SeaK. Baltic SeaL. Balkan PeninsulaM. North European

Plain

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Section 4 Review

How have the Baltic states suffered from their location in the past?

a) The region is poor in resources.b) Invaders have battled for control of the region.c) The region is land-locked.d) The climate of the region is very poor for agriculture.

Moldova was once a principality of which country?a) Ukraineb) Polandc) Russiad) Romania

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Section 4 Review

How have the Baltic states suffered from their location in the past?

a) The region is poor in resources.b) Invaders have battled for control of the region.c) The region is land-locked.d) The climate of the region is very poor for agriculture.

Moldova was once a principality of which country?a) Ukraineb) Polandc) Russiad) Romania

Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!

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