1 user account administration introduction to user accounts planning new user accounts creating user...
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User Account Administration
• Introduction to User Accounts
• Planning New User Accounts
• Creating User Accounts
• Creating User Profiles
• Creating Home Directories
• Maintaining User Accounts
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Introduction to User Accounts
• Local User Accounts
• Domain User Accounts
• Built-In User Accounts
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Local User Accounts
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Local User Accounts
• Local user accounts allow users to log on and gain access to resources only on the computer where the local user account is created.
• Microsoft Windows 2000 creates the account only in that computer’s security database, which is called the local security database.
• Windows 2000 does not replicate local user account information to domain controllers.
• The domain does not recognize local user accounts.
• Do not create local user accounts on computers that require access to domain resources.
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Domain User Accounts
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Domain User Accounts
• Allow users to log on to the domain and gain access to resources anywhere on the network.
• The user provides a user name and password during the logon process.
• A domain user account can be created in a container or OU in the copy of the Active Directory database on a domain controller.
• The domain controller replicates the new user account information to all domain controllers in the domain.
• After the new user account information is replicated, all of the domain controllers in the domain tree can authenticate the user during the logon process.
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Access Tokens
• Windows 2000 authenticates the user and then builds an access token that contains information about the user and security settings.
• The access token identifies the user trying to gain access to resources on computers running Windows 2000 and pre-Windows 2000 computers.
• Windows 2000 provides the access token for the duration of the logon session.
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Built-In User Accounts Administrator
• Use this account to manage the overall computer and domain configuration.
• Create a user account to perform nonadministrative tasks.
• Use this account only when performing administrative tasks.
• The account can be renamed to provide a greater degree of security.
• The account cannot be deleted.
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Built-In User Accounts Guest
• Allows occasional users the ability to log on and gain access to resources
• Disabled by default
• Enabled only in low-security networks
• Always assigned a password
• Can be renamed and disabled, but not deleted
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Planning New User Accounts
• Naming Conventions
• Password Requirements
• Account Options
• Practice: Planning New User Accounts
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Naming Conventions
• Local user accounts: Unique to the computer
• Domain user accounts: Unique to the directory
• 20 characters maximum
• Invalid characters: “ / \ [ ] : ; | = , + * ? < >
• User logon names: Not case-sensitive
• Accommodate duplicate employee names
• Identify type of employee
• E-mail compatibility
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Password Requirements
• Use passwords that are hard to guess.
• Maximum 14 characters; minimum eight recommended.
• Use uppercase and lowercase letters, numerals, and nonalphanumeric characters.
• Use at least one symbol character in the second through sixth positions.
• Make password significantly different from prior passwords.
• Must not contain the user’s name or user name.
• Must not be a common word or name.
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Account Options
• Logon hours
• Computers from which users can log on
• Account expiration
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Creating User Accounts
• Creating Local User Accounts
• Creating Domain User Accounts
• Practice: Creating Domain User Accounts
• User Account Properties
• Setting Personal Properties
• Setting Account Properties
• Setting Logon Hours
• Setting the Computers from Which Users Can Log On
• Configuring Dial-In Settings
• Practice: Modifying User Account Properties
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Local Users and Groups Snap-In, New User Dialog Box
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Local User Account Options
• User Name: A unique name based on naming conventions; required.
• Full Name: Complete name of the user; determines which person belongs to an account; optional.
• Description: Useful for identifying users; optional.
• User Must Change Password At Next Logon: Requires user to change password when logging on the first time.
• User Cannot Change Password: Only administrators are allowed to control passwords.
• Password Never Expires: Password will never change.
• Account Is Disabled: Prevents use of the user’s account.
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Creating Domain User Accounts
• Use the Active Directory Users and Computers console to create, delete, or disable domain user accounts on the domain controller, or local user accounts on any computer in the domain.
• The user logon name defaults to the domain in which the domain user account is being created.
• With proper permissions, any domain can be selected to create domain user accounts.
• The container must be selected to create the new account.
• Create the account in the default Users container or in a container that is created to hold domain user accounts.
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Active Directory Users and Computers Console
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User Name Options
• First Name: The user’s first name.
• Initials: The user’s initials.
• Last Name: The user’s last name.
• Full Name: The user’s complete name.
• User Logon: Uniquely identifies the user throughout the entire network.
• User Logon Name (Pre-Windows 2000): User’s unique logon name that is used to log on from earlier versions of Windows; entry is required and must be unique within the domain.
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New Object-User Dialog Box
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Password Options
• Password: Used to authenticate the user.
• Confirm Password: Confirmation that the password was typed correctly.
• User Must Change Password At Next Logon: Requires user to change password when logging on the first time.
• User Cannot Change Password: Only administrators are allowed to control passwords.
• Password Never Expires: Password will never change.
• Account Is Disabled: Prevents use of the user’s account.
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User Account Properties
• A default set of properties is associated with each user account created.
• Personal and account properties, logon options, and dial-in settings can be configured after creating a user account.
• Account properties equate to object attributes for domain users.
• Properties defined for a domain user account can be used to search the directory or for use in other applications as objects’ attributes.
• Detailed definitions should be provided for each domain user account created.
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Properties Dialog Box Tabs• General: User’s first name, last name, display name,
description, office location, telephone number(s), e-mail address, home page, and additional Web pages
• Address: User’s street address, post office box, city, state or province, zip or postal code, and country or region
• Account: User’s logon name, logon hours, computers permitted to log on to, account options, and account expiration
• Profile: Profile path, logon script path, home directory, and shared document folder
• Telephones: User’s home, pager, mobile, fax, and IP telephone numbers, and spaces for comments
• Organization: User’s title, department, company, manager, and direct reports
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Additional Properties Dialog Box Tabs
• Remote Control: Terminal Services remote control settings
• Terminal Services Profile: Terminal Services user profile
• Member Of: Groups to which the user belongs
• Dial-In: Dial-in properties for the user
• Environment: Terminal Services startup environment
• Sessions: Terminal Services timeout and reconnection settings
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Address Tab of the Properties Dialog Box
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Account Tab of the Properties Dialog Box
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Additional Account Options• Store Password Using Reversible Encryption: Enables Macintosh
users to log on
• Smart Card Is Required For Interactive Logon: Allows a user to log on with a smart card
• Account Is Trusted For Delegation: Allows a user to assign responsibility for management and administration of a portion of the namespace to another user, group, or organization
• Account Is Sensitive And Cannot Be Delegated: Prevents the account from being assigned for delegation by another account
• Use DES Encryption Types For This Account: Provides the Data Encryption Standard (DES)
• Do Not Require Kerberos Preauthentication: Removes Kerberos preauthentication for accounts using another implementation of Kerberos
• Account Expires: Sets account expiration dates
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Logon Hours Dialog Box
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Setting Logon Hours
• Controls when a user can log on to the domain.
• Limits the hours users can explore the network.
• By default, Windows 2000 permits access for all hours on all days.
• Reduces the amount of time that the account is open to unauthorized access.
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Logon Workstation Dialog Box
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Setting Logon Options
• Setting logon options for the domain user account allows you to control the computers from which a user can log on to the domain.
• Setting the computers from which a user can log on prevents users from accessing another user’s data that is stored on that user’s computer.
• By default, each user can log on from all computers in the domain.
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Options on the Dial-In Tab
• Allow Access
• Deny Access
• Control Access Through Remote Access Policy
• Verify Caller-ID
• Callback Options
• No Callback• Set By Caller• Always Callback To
• Assign A Static IP Address
• Apply Static Routes
• Static Routes
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Creating User Profiles
• User Profiles
• Local User Profiles
• Roaming User Profiles
• Mandatory User Profiles
• Practice: Managing User Profiles
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User Profile Overview
• A collection of folders and data that stores the user’s current desktop environment, application settings, and personal data
• Contains all network connections established when a user logs on to a computer
• Maintains consistency of desktop environments; provides each user with the same desktop environment used the last time that user logged on
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User ProfilesAdvantages to Users
• Multiple users can use the same computer; each user receives own desktop settings at logon.
• When logging on to their workstation, users receive the same desktop settings as existed when they logged off.
• Customization of the desktop environment by one user does not affect another user’s settings.
• Roaming user profile: User profile stored on a server, which follows that user to any computer running Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 on the network.
• Application settings are retained for applications that are Windows 2000-certified.
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User ProfilesAdministrative Advantages
• Allows creation of a default user profile that is appropriate for the user’s task
• Allows a mandatory user profile to be established that does not save changes made by the user to the desktop settings
• Allows specific default user settings to be included in all of the individual user profiles
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Profile Types
• Local user profile: Created upon first logon to a computer and stored on the computer’s local hard disk; changes are saved on the computer on which changes are made.
• Roaming user profile: Created by the system administrator and stored on a server; changes are updated on the server.
• Mandatory user profile: A roaming profile used to specify particular settings for individuals or an entire group of users; changes made by the user are discarded.
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User Profile Contents
• Local user profiles are stored in C:\Documents and Settings\user-logon-name folder.
• Roaming user profiles are stored in a shared folder on the server.
• Use the My Documents folder to centralize all user settings and personal documents into a single folder that is part of the user profile.
• Windows 2000 automatically sets up the My Documents folder, which is the default location for storing users’ data for Microsoft applications.
• Home directories can also contain files and programs for a user.
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Contents of a User Profile Folder• Application data folder
• Cookies folder
• Desktop folder
• Favorites folder
• FrontPageTempDir folder
• Local Settings folder
• My Documents folder
• My Pictures folder
• NetHood folder
• PrintHood folder
• Recent folder
• SendTo folder
• Start Menu folder
• Templates folder
• NTUSER.DAT file
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Local User Profiles
• Windows 2000 creates a local user profile the first time a user logs on at a computer, storing the profile on that computer.
• The local user profile is stored in the C:\Documents and Settings\user_logon_name folder.
• When logging on to Windows 2000, users always receive their individual desktop settings and connections, regardless of how many users share the same client computer.
• When a user logs off, Windows 2000 incorporates the changes into the user profile stored on the computer.
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Roaming User Profiles
• Roaming user profiles support users who work at multiple computers.
• Roaming user profiles are stored on the network server and are available to the user no matter where the user logs on in the domain.
• Users always receive their own individual desktop settings and connections.
• The first time a user logs on at a computer, Windows 2000 copies all documents to the local computer.
• When a user logs off, Windows 2000 copies changes back to the server where the profile is stored.
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Profile Path for a Roaming User Profile
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Copying a User Profile Template
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Mandatory User Profiles
• A mandatory user profile is a read-only roaming user profile.
• Users can modify the desktop settings of the computer while they are logged on, but none of these changes is saved when they log off.
• The next time that the user logs on, the profile is the same as the last time that user logged on.
• One mandatory profile can be assigned to multiple users who require the same desktop settings.
• By changing one profile, several users’ desktop environments can be changed.
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Creating a Mandatory User Profile
• A hidden file called NTUSER.DAT contains that section of the Windows 2000 system settings that applies to the individual user account and contains the user environment settings.
• This hidden file becomes a read-only file if you change its name to NTUSER.MAN.
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Creating Home Directories
• Introducing Home Directories
• Creating Home Directories on a Server
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Home Directory Overview
• Folder that can be provided to users to store personal documents in addition to the My Documents folder
• Sometimes the default folder for saving documents in older applications
• Stored on a client computer or in a shared folder on a file server
• Not a member of a roaming user profile
• Does not affect network traffic during the logon process
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Home Directory Advantages
• Users can gain access to their home directories from any client computer on the network.
• Backing up and administration of user documents are centralized.
• Home directories are accessible from a client computer running any Microsoft operating system.
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Creating Home Directories
• Permission to administer the object in which the user accounts reside is mandatory.
• When %username% is used to name a folder on an NTFS volume, the user is assigned the NTFS Full Control permission.
• All other permissions are removed from the folder, including those for the Administrator account.
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Specifying a Path to a Home Directory Folder
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Maintaining User Accounts
• Disabling, Enabling, Renaming, and Deleting User Accounts
• Resetting Passwords
• Unlocking User Accounts
• Practice: Administering User Accounts
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Maintaining User Accounts Overview
• The needs of an organization might require the modification of user accounts.
• Modifications of user accounts are based on personnel changes or personal information.
• You make changes to the user account object in Active Directory to modify a user account.
• You must have permission to administer the object in which the user accounts reside.
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Modifications Affecting Functionality of User Accounts
• Disabling and enabling a user account
• Renaming a user account
• Deleting a user account
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Disabling, Enabling, Deleting, or Renaming User Accounts
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Resetting Passwords
• Reset a password if a user’s password expires before it can be changed, or if a user forgets the password.
• It is not necessary to know the old password.
• Once the password is set, it is not visible to any user, including the administrator, thus improving security.
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Unlocking User Accounts
• A Windows 2000 group policy locks out a user account when the user violates the policy.
• When a user account is locked out, Windows 2000 displays an error message.