1. the type of analysis that uses financial statements ... type of analysis that uses financial...

1Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The type of analysis that uses financial statements along with industry and macroeconomic data to forecast future stock movements is technical analysis. True False

2. The best source of information about a company's current health and prospects for the future is the

company's financial statements. True False

3. One factor that considerably affects the ease with which users employ financial reports is that accounting

is an exact science. True False

4. All economic events and activities that affect a company are reflected in a company's financial

statements. True False

5. Investors are uncertain about the quality of each company's debt or equity offerings because the ultimate

return from the security depends on the company's past performance which is difficult to accurately measure. True False

6. Investors are uncertain about the quality of each company's debt or equity offerings because the ultimate

return from the security depends on future events. True False

7. Taxing authorities sometimes use financial statement information as a basis for establishing tax rules to

match accounting rules. True False

8. Investors use financial statements as an analytical tool.

True False 9. Sales value of a company's assets minus its debt owed is a company's liquidation value.

True False 10. The ability to raise additional cash by selling assets, issuing stock, or borrowing more is financial

flexibility. True False

11. Information symmetry means that management has access to more and better information about the

business than do people outside the company. True False

12. Contracts often contain language that refers to financial statement numbers.

True False 13. Investors who follow a fundamental analysis approach determine the value the company's assets would

yield if sold individually. True False

14. Companies judged to be high credit risks may be subject to loan covenants.

True False

15. Security analysts are among the most important users of financial statements. True False

16. Because financial fraud is rare, investors and other users of financial statements can safely accept the

numbers in financial statements at face value. True False

17. The MD&A section found in published financial statements only provides a brief overview of the

company's business risks and results of operations. True False

18. Regulators of industries granted monopoly privileges use financial statement data in setting allowable

charges for the services these industries provide. True False

19. All financial statements provide a basis for what might occur in the future.

True False 20. Various trends and relationships that can be gleaned from a company's financial statements provide

insights into a company's economic opportunities and risks. True False

21. All of the information needed by professional analysts to give a complete picture of a company is found

in the published financial statements. True False

22. Owners and managers have an economic incentive to supply the amount and type of financial information

that will enable the company to raise capital at the lowest cost. True False

23. Accounting improprieties are sometimes designed to meet the expectations and financial targets of Wall

Street analysts. True False

24. Besides assessing the general reasonableness of reported numbers in relation to the company's activities,

industry conditions, and business climate, when designing audit procedures the company's auditor must also assess fraud risk factors that may be present. True False

25. Financial statements are crucial in investment decisions that use fundamental analysis to identify

mispriced securities (i.e., securities selling for more or less than they seem to be worth). True False

26. Suppliers monitor the financial statements of their customers to protect collection of their accounts

receivable. True False

27. An understanding of management's reporting incentives is sufficient to enable auditors to recognize

vulnerable areas where financial reporting abuses are likely to occur. True False

28. Because the MD&A section found in published financial statements is management's "spin" on

the company's operating results, analysts do not find this disclosure to be particularly useful given management's propensity to only accentuate positive results. True False

29. Financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is relevant.

True False 30. For information to be relevant it must possess either predictive value or confirmatory value.

True False

31. The "quality of information" as applied to financial reporting refers to the degree to which financial statements are grounded in facts and sound judgments and thus are free from distortion. True False

32. The role of financial accounting information is to facilitate economic transactions and to foster efficient

allocation of resources among businesses and individuals. True False

33. Financial reports provide information that can reduce investors' uncertainty about the company's

opportunities and risks thereby raising the company's cost of capital. True False

34. Timeliness is a qualitative characteristic of accounting information that indicates that information should

be provided to users before statutory deadlines. True False

35. Using the same accounting methods for a company to record and report similar events from period to

period demonstrates faithful representation. True False

36. Comparability across companies allows analysts to identify real economic similarities in and differences

between underlying economic events because those similarities or differences are not obscured by accounting methods or disclosure practices. True False

37. Management has a responsibility to ensure that the company's financial information is properly classified,

characterized, and presented clearly and concisely in order to make it understandable. True False

38. Managers are the stewards of the company's resources and thus responsible for their efficient use and for

protecting them from adversity. True False

39. A mispriced security is a stock or bond that is selling for substantially more—or less—than it seems to be

worth. True False

40. Fundamental investors buy undervalued stocks and avoid buying overvalued stocks.

True False 41. To efficient market investors, financial statement data provide a basis for assessing risk, dividend yield,

or other firm attributes that are important to portfolio selection decisions. True False

42. When earnings and share price fall below acceptable levels, dissident shareholders may launch a proxy

contest to elect their own slate of directors at the next annual meeting. True False

43. Executive compensation contracts seldom contain annual bonus and longer term pay components tied to

financial statement results, but instead usually rely on stock options as a means to reward managers in a manner that is less subject to manipulation by management. True False

44. Employees demand financial information to monitor the health of company-sponsored pension plans.

True False 45. Lenders monitor financial statement data to ascertain whether borrowers are adhering to, or violating,

loan covenants. True False

46. Suppliers assess the financial strength of their customers to determine whether they will be paid for goods shipped. True False

47. Financial statement information can help customers monitor a supplier's manufacturing processes and

thus evaluate the quality of its products. True False

48. Broadly defined, the term "analyst" includes anyone who uses financial statements to make decisions as

part of their job. True False

49. Companies have an economic incentive to supply the information investors want.

True False 50. The efficient markets hypothesis says that any new development is quickly reflected in a firm's stock

price. True False

51. According to the full disclosure principle, companies create a competitive advantage when they report:

• Details about the company's strategies, plans and tactics.• Information about the company's technological and managerial innovations.• Detailed information about the company's operations. True False

52. Firms weigh the benefits they may gain from financial disclosures against the costs they incur in making

those disclosures. True False

53. Some capital providers possess enough bargaining power to allow them to compel companies to deliver

the financial information they need for analysis. True False

54. When a company's financial instruments are perceived to be of low quality, there is a cost to the company

in the form of lower proceeds from issuing stock or higher interest rates when it borrows funds. True False

55. Because financial disclosures are regulated, owners and managers have little economic incentive

to supply the amount and type of financial information that will enable them to raise capital most cheaply. True False

56. Politically vulnerable firms with high earnings (like oil companies) are often attacked in the financial and

popular media, which alleges that those earnings are evidence of anticompetitive business practices. True False

57. Because the supply of financial information is guided by the costs of producing and disseminating it and

the benefits it will provide to the company, regulatory groups have little influence over the amount and type of financial information that companies disclose. True False

58. The SEC issued regulation FD to help level the playing field between individual and institutional

investors. True False

59. Financial reporting regulatory requirements are designed to ensure that companies meet certain minimum

levels of financial disclosure. True False

60. When a company restates its financial statements due to some accounting irregularity, shareholder lawsuits are often filed against the company and its management. True False

61. Fair value accounting is widely touted as a means to avoid future financial crises as it will prevent banks

from collapsing. True False

62. It is never permissible to issue financial statements that depart from GAAP in any material respect.

True False 63. The convention in accounting that strives to ensure business risks and uncertainties are adequately

reflected in the financial statements is conservatism. True False

64. The degree to which the accounting actually represents the underlying economic events is faithful

representation. True False

65. GAAP frequently requires financial statement users to accept a compromise that favors reliability over

faithful representation. True False

66. Companies can smooth reported income by strategically timing the recognition of revenue and expenses

to dampen the normal ups and downs of business activity. True False

67. Although the SEC has the legal authority to set accounting principles in the U.S., it has looked to private-

sector organizations (e.g., the FASB) to establish and enforce these principles. True False

68. Generally accepted accounting principles are set by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

True False 69. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has the sole responsibility for setting generally accepted

auditing standards. True False

70. Management has considerable discretion over the particular accounting procedures used in the statements

and over the details contained in supplemental footnotes and related disclosures. True False

71. GAAP financial reports in the U.S. are intended to reflect the economic condition and performance of the

reporting entity. True False

72. Companies can change accounting methods, but the changes are restricted to situations where it can be

persuasively argued that the newly adopted accounting method is preferable to the old one. True False

73. Financial statements follow rigid guidelines that require adherence to specific procedures.

True False 74. The network of conventions, rules, guidelines, and procedures used by the accounting profession is

known as generally accepted auditing standards. True False

75. The accounting standards codification was created by the IASB to harmonize U.S. and international

GAAP. True False

76. Accounting standard-setting in the U.S. is a technical process and thus little affected by political considerations. True False

77. In the United States, the accounting rules that businesses use for external financial reporting purposes

differ from the accounting rules required for taxation purposes. True False

78. Some countries' philosophy of financial reporting differs from GAAP because their financial reports are

required to conform to tax law. True False

79. While until recently accounting standards were developed by home-country organizations for use by

domestic companies, countries in (at least) the European Union based their standards on a common philosophy and shared financial reporting objectives. True False

80. For years, two widely divergent financial reporting approaches existed in the world (the economic

performance approach and the commercial and tax law approach). True False

81. In countries where capital is typically provided by a broad base of external investors, financial reporting

practices tend to be different from those found in countries where capital is primarily provided by banks or the government. True False

82. A major factor underlying the rise of IFRS is that companies needing to seek global sources of capital

are at a disadvantage when they only produce financial statements based on the commercial and tax law approach. True False

83. Currently, publicly traded companies located in the European Union may adopt IFRS for financial

reporting in consolidated statements. True False

84. IFRS consists of a set of rigid standards that are now in use in over 100 countries worldwide.

True False 85. The IASB and FASB are working together to develop a single set of high-quality, compatible accounting

standards that can be used for both domestic and cross-border financial reporting. True False

86. Foreign companies registered with the SEC that use IFRS no longer have to reconcile their financial

statements to U.S. GAAP. True False

87. Compared to U.S. GAAP, IASB standard generally allow firms more latitude.

True False 88. When IFRS permits different accounting treatments for similar business transactions and events, one of

these treatments is labeled the benchmark treatment. True False

89. IFRS are frequently much more detailed than their U.S. GAAP counterpart standards.

True False 90. U.S. GAAP has been criticized as being too "rules-based" thus allowing managers to invent "loopholes"

that conform to the letter of a standard but simultaneously violate its spirit. True False

91. Since its inception, the FASB has endeavored to draft pronouncements that clearly identify the accounting objective, explain the accounting principle(s) being applied, avoid bright-line rules, and provide enough implementation guidance for consistent application. True False

92. The goal of the growing movement toward international convergence of accounting standards is a single

set of accounting standards accepted worldwide and superior to the choices presently available. True False

93. U.S. GAAP and IFRS are both grounded in the same economic performance philosophy.

True False 94. A company's financial statements reflect information about

A. future projections of sales, expenses, and other future economic events.B. product information and competitive positions.C. the general economy of the industry in which the company operates.D. economic events that affect a company that can be translated into accounting numbers.

95. All financial statements:

A. provide a picture of the company at a moment in time.B. describe changes that took place over a period of time.C. help to evaluate what happened in the past.D. contain most up to date information about the company.

96. A firm's financial statements contain trends that give users insight into the firm's

A. future market share.B. position within its industry.C. profitability, productivity, and liquidity.D. current market price for common and preferred stock.

97. The ability to raise additional cash by selling assets, issuing stock, or borrowing more is

A. financial flexibility.B. a credit risk indicator.C. a stock price predictor.D. one way to project earnings.

98. Creditors assess credit risk by comparing a firm's required principal and interest payments to estimates of

the firm's current and future A. net assets.B. gross income.C. net income.D. cash flows.

99. Professional analysts need information on a company's future earnings and cash flow to evaluate audit

vulnerabilities, to assess debt repayment prospects and to A. certify good values in the stock market.B. indemnify creditors against losses.C. certify that no fraud exists in the company.D. value its equity securities.

100.The section of published reports of public companies that includes a description of the company's

business risks, results of operations, financial condition, and future plans for the company is known as the A. management's discussion and analysis.B. management representation letter.C. president's message.D. board of directors' analysis.

101.Companies that have projected operating cash flows that are more than sufficient to meet debt payments are A. financially flexible.B. good credit risk companies.C. undervalued.D. overvalued.

102.Investors who compare a firm's discounted future cash flows to the current market price of a stock are

using the A. efficient market hypothesis.B. market-to-market approach.C. fundamental analysis approach.D. technical analysis approach.

103.A company's financial statements can be used for all of the following purposes except

A. as a scorecard on the company's social responsibility.B. as a management report card.C. as an early warning signal.D. as a measure of accountability.

104.The market analysis known as fundamental analysis

A. predicts future trends in the financial drivers of a company's success or failure.B. relies on price and volume movement of stock.C. has no insights about company value beyond current market price.D. uses microeconomic data to forecast stock values.

105.Investors who follow a fundamental analysis approach

A. determine the value the company's assets would yield if sold individually.B.

estimate the value of a stock by assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows that will accrue to the issuing company.

C. assess the company's ability to meet its debt-related financial obligations.D.

assess the company's ability to raise additional cash by selling assets, issuing stock, or borrowing more.

106.Analytical review procedures include all of the following except

A. simple ratio and trend analysis.B. complex statistical techniques.C. general reasonableness tests.D. comparison of the company's reported financial results to benchmarks established by the SEC.

107.Relevant financial information

A. is free from bias and error.B. is measured in a similar manner among different companies.C. can be independently verified.D. is capable of making a difference in a decision.

108.To achieve faithful representation, the financial information must be

A. consistent, unbiased, and relevant.B. relevant, comparable, and timely.C. relevant, consistent, and timely.D. complete, neutral, and free from material error.

109.Financial information that is provided to decision makers before it loses its capacity to influence their

decisions is A. neutral.B. verifiable.C. timely.D. consistent.

110.Financial information that does not favor one set of interested parties over another is A. relevant.B. verifiable.C. neutral.D. faithfully represented.

111.When independent measurers get similar results when using the same accounting measurement methods,

the financial information is A. relevant.B. verifiable.C. timely.D. faithfully represented.

112.Being verifiable and neutral is part of what makes financial information

A. useful.B. consistent.C. comparable.D. relevant.

113.If a company fails to disclose information about a lawsuit because it might be embarrassing to the

company, it is violating A. relevance.B. verifiability.C. neutrality.D. timeliness.

114.Financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is

A. relevant.B. verifiable.C. consistent.D. neutral.

115.Business enterprises enter into many different types of contracts. Examples of such contracts that

often contain language that refers to verifiable financial statement numbers include all of the following except A. royalty contracts with inventors.B. sales contracts with customers.C. compensation contracts with managers.D. debt contracts with bankers.

116.The type of analysis that uses financial statements to assess valuation of current market price is

A. valuation analysis.B. efficient market analysis.C. fundamental analysis.D. technical analysis.

117.The type of analysis that does not concern itself with financial statement numbers is

A. valuation analysis.B. efficient market analysis.C. fundamental analysis.D. technical analysis.

118.Investors who presume that they have no insights about company value beyond the current market price

and use financial statement data to assess firm-specific variables believe in the A. market-to-market hypothesis.B. efficient market hypothesis.C. fundamental market hypothesis.D. technical market hypothesis.

119.The amounts of executive compensation and bonuses are often determined by A. auditor's recommendations.B. evaluations by subordinates.C. company contracts.D. industry guidelines.

120.Employees demand financial statement information because the firm's performance is often linked to all

of the following except A. negotiated increases in union contracts.B. social security benefits.C. pension plan benefits.D. employee profit sharing.

121.When a borrower violates a loan covenant that requires minimum achievement of an accounting measure

in the financial statements, the lender can A. immediately seize the loan collateral.B. fire the chief operating officer of the borrower.C. report the borrower to the IRS.D. call for immediate repayment of the loan.

122.Investors and analysts are sometimes urged to ignore traditional GAAP numbers and instead focus on

nonstandard "pro forma" numbers because A.

the political compromises made to achieve consensus when issuing FASB pronouncements lead to inaccurate portrayals of underlying events.

B. management believes the pro forma numbers portray the company in a better light.C. the pro forma numbers are closer to those reported under international reporting standards.D. pro forma numbers are easier to understand.

123.GAAP's goals are to ensure that financial statements

A. do not contain any representation that could jeopardize management.B. provide stockholders all of the information they need to assess management's performance.C. are accurate and free from fraud.D. clearly reflect the economic condition and performance of the company.

124.Timeliness is a qualitative characteristic of accounting information that indicates that information should

be provided to users A. within one month after the close of the books.B. before it loses its capacity to influence their decisions.C. before statutory deadlines.D. every month.

125.Which one of the following types of disclosure costs is the cost of disclosing the company's pricing

strategies? A. Political costB. Litigation costC. Competitive disadvantage costD. Information collection, processing, and dissemination cost

126.If the financial reporting environment were unregulated, disclosure would occur voluntarily

A.

as long as other companies in the reporting company's industry voluntarily disclosed financial information.

B. only to analysts that the company believes will report favorably on the company's prospects.C. only when managers wanted to raise additional capital.D.

as long as the incremental benefits to the company from supplying financial information exceeded the incremental costs of providing the information.

127.Companies offering higher risk securities have incentives to mask their true condition by A. supplying overly optimistic financial information.B. not having their financial statements audited.C. listing on foreign exchanges where reporting requirements are less stringent than those in the U.S.D. including testimonials from well known executives in their financial statements.

128.One financial disclosure cost is the possibility that competitors may use the information to harm

the company providing the disclosure. All of the following disclosures might create a competitive disadvantage except A.

detailed information about company operations, such as sales and cost figures for individual product lines.

B. information about the company's technological and managerial innovations.C. information on the company's level of spending on research and development.D. details about the company's strategies, plans and tactics.

129.It is common for shareholders to initiate litigation when

A. the company reports record profits, but does not declare dividends.B. there's a sudden drop in stock price.C. the company introduces new products that are found to be harmful to the environment.D.

rumors about the company appear in the media that, if true, would result in slower growth in future profits.

130.Using the same accounting methods to record and report similar events from period to period

demonstrates A. consistency.B. comparability.C. neutrality.D. faithful representation.

131.Which one of the following has statutory authority to determine accounting rules?

A. American Institute of Certified Public AccountantsB. State Boards of AccountancyC. Securities and Exchange CommissionD. Financial Accounting Standards Board

132.The growth of global investing has spurred development of worldwide accounting standards that are

written by the A. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.B. Institute of Global Auditors.C. Global Committee on Accounting Standards.D. International Accounting Standards Board.

133.Common justifications for changing accounting methods include all of the following except:

A. to conform to industry practice.B. to more accurately represent the company's activities.C. a new pronouncement by the FASB necessitated the change.D.

the company's financial position appears significantly better when reported under the new method than under the old one.

134.In 2009, the FASB completed a five-year effort to distill the existing GAAP literature into a single

database known as A. the accounting standards database.B. international financial reporting standards.C. the converged accounting standards.D. the accounting standards codification.

135.The ASC uses a structure in which the FASB's authoritative accounting guidance is organized into all of the following except A. chapters.B. topics.C. sections.D. paragraphs.

136.ASC content is organized

A. alphabetically by topic.B.

in chronological order based on the issue date of the major pronouncement on which the content is based.

C. without regard to the original standard from which the content was derived.D. in the manner prescribed by the IASB.

137.GAAP's flexibility in its reporting standards allows companies to

A. smooth reported earnings over several reporting periods.B. change accounting estimates to meet target sales or earnings.C. change accounting principles to improve reported earnings.D. avoid adopting specific accounting techniques and reporting procedures.

138.Financial statements follow

A. rigid guidelines that require specific adherence to regulated procedures.B. generally accepted guidelines that allow management to choose among different procedures.C. general guidelines with little choice among different procedures.D. legal requirements for uniform presentation and disclosure.

139.A company manages a large portfolio of marketable securities and sells only stocks with substantial gains

in poor income years or sells only stocks with substantial losses in good income years. This strategy is an indication of A. securities fraud.B. unstable portfolio management.C. income smoothing.D. violating security trading laws.

140.Identify the correct order of the three steps constituting the FASB's "due process" procedure.

A. Public-hearing stage, exposure-draft stage, and voting stage.B. Discussion-memorandum stage, public-hearing stage, and voting stage.C. Exposure-draft stage, discussion-memorandum stage, and voting stage.D. Discussion-memorandum stage, exposure-draft stage, and voting stage.

141.The Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 required all publicly traded firms to

A. purchase insurance against corporate bankruptcy.B. register with an authorized stock exchange.C. provide annual financial statements audited by independent accountants.D. file balance sheets, income statements, and statements of cash flow with the SEC each year.

142.The Financial Accounting Standards Board has responsibility for the establishment of U. S. accounting

standards and A. full statutory power to enforce compliance with GAAP.B. authority from the SEC to enforce compliance with GAAP.C. no authority or responsibility to enforce compliance with GAAP.D. responsibility imposed by AICPA to enforce compliance with GAAP.

143.When financial information is measured and reported in a similar manner across different companies in

the same industry it is A. consistent.B. comparable.C. neutral.D. faithfully represented.

144.When a company changes from straight-line to the declining balance method of accounting for depreciation, the financial statements lack A. comparability.B. consistency.C. neutrality.D. faithful representation.

145.The network of conventions, rules, guidelines, and procedures used by the accounting profession is

known as generally accepted A. auditing standards.B. accounting procedures.C. accounting principles.D. auditing principles.

146.When a financial statement contains omissions or misstatements that would alter the judgment of a

reasonable person, it violates A. neutrality.B. consistency.C. conservatism.D. materiality.

147.Some countries' philosophy of financial reporting differs from U.S. GAAP because their financial reports

are required to A. be verifiable.B. conform to tax and/or commercial law.C. be reported and measured in a similar manner across companies.D. use the same accounting methods for similar events period to period.

148.Depending on the home-country of a reporting entity, historically (e.g., pre-IFRS) its financial statements

might have been A. intended to capture and reflect the underlying performance and condition of the reporting entity.B. in conformity with mandated laws or detailed tax rules.C. either a. or b.D. none of the above.

149.Financial reporting philosophies differ across countries. These philosophies evolve from and reflect

several factors including all of the following except A. the language(s) spoken in the country.B. the specific political institutions within the country.C. the specific financial institutions within the country.D. the country's social customs.

150.Companies needing to access new and ever larger sources of capital in response to increased international

competitiveness face a severe disadvantage if their financial reporting A. is in accordance with IFRS.B. is in accordance with U.S. GAAP.C. is based on a commercial and tax law approach.D. is based on an economic performance approach.

151.International accounting rules are currently established by the

A. IASC.B. IASB.C. FASB.D. none of the above.

152.IFRS frequently A. upon issue are automatically approved for any foreign listed company.B.

permit only one accounting treatment for similar business transactions and events to promote comparability.

C. allow firms less latitude when compared to U.S. GAAP.D. follow a more generalized overview approach than do U.S. GAAP counterpart standards.

153.IFRS are

A. built on broad principles.B. rules-based.C. narrowly defined, detailed standards.D. seldom different than those issued by the FASB.

154.The SEC has issued a proposed roadmap for the adoption of IFRS by U.S. public companies, specifying

adoption by the end of A. 2011.B. 2014.C. 2015.D. The roadmap does not specify a "date certain" for adoption.

155.Stock markets are common in many countries and economies. Explain the need for and use of a stock

market in an economy.

156.A tremendous amount of time, money, and effort are spent on the compilation of quarterly and yearly

financial reports. Correspondingly, they attract a lot of attention and scrutiny. Explain the role and importance of financial reports in capital markets.

157.Financial reporting is arguably one of the most heavily regulated areas of business activity. Provide

the main reasons why accounting information is so heavily regulated. In your answer try to address the intended consequences of such regulation.

158.Briefly explain the forces behind the rise of IFRS.

1 Key 1. The type of analysis that uses financial statements along with industry and macroeconomic data to

forecast future stock movements is technical analysis. FALSE

AACSB: Reflective thinking

AICPA BB: Critical ThinkingBlooms: Comprehension

Difficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 01-01 Why financial statements are valuable sources of information about companies.

Revsine - Chapter 01 #1

2. The best source of information about a company's current health and prospects for the future is the company's financial statements. TRUE


AICPA BB: Critical ThinkingBlooms: Knowledge

Difficulty: EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Why financial statements are valuable sources of information about companies.


3. One factor that considerably affects the ease with which users employ financial reports is that accounting is an exact science. FALSE





4. All economic events and activities that affect a company are reflected in a company's financial statements. FALSE


AICPA BB: Critical ThinkingBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 01-01 Why financial statements are valuable sources of information about companies.Revsine - Chapter 01 #4

5. Investors are uncertain about the quality of each company's debt or equity offerings because the ultimate return from the security depends on the company's past performance which is difficult to accurately measure. FALSE



Difficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 01-03 How the supply of financial information is influenced by the costs of producing and disseminating it and by the benefits it provides.


6. Investors are uncertain about the quality of each company's debt or equity offerings because the ultimate return from the security depends on future events. TRUE





7. Taxing authorities sometimes use financial statement information as a basis for establishing tax rules to match accounting rules. FALSE



Learning Objective: 01-02 How the demand for financial information comes from its ability to improve decision making and monitor managers activities.Revsine - Chapter 01 #7

8. Investors use financial statements as an analytical tool. TRUE



Difficulty: EasyLearning Objective: 01-03 How the supply of financial information is influenced by the costs of producing and disseminating it and by the benefits it provides.


9. Sales value of a company's assets minus its debt owed is a company's liquidation value. TRUE


AICPA FN: MeasurementBlooms: Knowledge



10. The ability to raise additional cash by selling assets, issuing stock, or borrowing more is financial flexibility. TRUE




11. Information symmetry means that management has access to more and better information about the business than do people outside the company. FALSE


AICPA BB: IndustryBlooms: Knowledge



12. Contracts often contain language that refers to financial statement numbers. TRUE





13. Investors who follow a fundamental analysis approach determine the value the company's assets would yield if sold individually. FALSE


AICPA BB: Resource managementBlooms: Knowledge

Difficulty: EasyLearning Objective: 01-02 How the demand for financial information comes from its ability to improve decision making and monitor managers activities.


14. Companies judged to be high credit risks may be subject to loan covenants. TRUE


AICPA BB: Resource managementBlooms: Knowledge



15. Security analysts are among the most important users of financial statements. TRUE





16. Because financial fraud is rare, investors and other users of financial statements can safely accept the numbers in financial statements at face value. FALSE




17. The MD&A section found in published financial statements only provides a brief overview of the company's business risks and results of operations. FALSE


AICPA BB: IndustryBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 01-03 How the supply of financial information is influenced by the costs of producing and disseminating it and by the benefits it provides.Revsine - Chapter 01 #17

18. Regulators of industries granted monopoly privileges use financial statement data in setting allowable charges for the services these industries provide. TRUE




19. All financial statements provide a basis for what might occur in the future. TRUE





20. Various trends and relationships that can be gleaned from a company's financial statements provide insights into a company's economic opportunities and risks. TRUE





21. All of the information needed by professional analysts to give a complete picture of a company is found in the published financial statements. FALSE





22. Owners and managers have an economic incentive to supply the amount and type of financial information that will enable the company to raise capital at the lowest cost. TRUE


AICPA BB: Resource managementBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium


23. Accounting improprieties are sometimes designed to meet the expectations and financial targets of Wall Street analysts. TRUE





24. Besides assessing the general reasonableness of reported numbers in relation to the company's activities, industry conditions, and business climate, when designing audit procedures the company's auditor must also assess fraud risk factors that may be present. TRUE


AICPA FN: Risk analysisBlooms: Comprehension

Difficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 How the demand for financial information comes from its ability to improve decision making and monitor managers activities.


25. Financial statements are crucial in investment decisions that use fundamental analysis to identify mispriced securities (i.e., securities selling for more or less than they seem to be worth). TRUE




26. Suppliers monitor the financial statements of their customers to protect collection of their accounts receivable. TRUE




27. An understanding of management's reporting incentives is sufficient to enable auditors to recognize vulnerable areas where financial reporting abuses are likely to occur. FALSE


AICPA FN: Risk analysisBlooms: Comprehension



28. Because the MD&A section found in published financial statements is management's "spin" on the company's operating results, analysts do not find this disclosure to be particularly useful given management's propensity to only accentuate positive results. FALSE


AICPA BB: IndustryBlooms: Comprehension



29. Financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is relevant. TRUE



Difficulty: EasyLearning Objective: 01-04 How accounting rules are established; and why management can shape the financial information communicated to outsiders and still be

within those rules.Revsine - Chapter 01 #29

30. For information to be relevant it must possess either predictive value or confirmatory value. TRUE





31. The "quality of information" as applied to financial reporting refers to the degree to which financial statements are grounded in facts and sound judgments and thus are free from distortion. TRUE


AICPA FN: MeasurementBlooms: Comprehension



32. The role of financial accounting information is to facilitate economic transactions and to foster efficient allocation of resources among businesses and individuals. TRUE





33. Financial reports provide information that can reduce investors' uncertainty about the company's opportunities and risks thereby raising the company's cost of capital. FALSE

AACSB: Analytic




34. Timeliness is a qualitative characteristic of accounting information that indicates that information should be provided to users before statutory deadlines. FALSE


AICPA FN: MeasurementBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 01-04 How accounting rules are established; and why management can shape the financial information communicated to outsiders and still be within those rules.


35. Using the same accounting methods for a company to record and report similar events from period to period demonstrates faithful representation. FALSE





36. Comparability across companies allows analysts to identify real economic similarities in and differences between underlying economic events because those similarities or differences are not obscured by accounting methods or disclosure practices. TRUE





37. Management has a responsibility to ensure that the company's financial information is properly classified, characterized, and presented clearly and concisely in order to make it understandable. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic




38. Managers are the stewards of the company's resources and thus responsible for their efficient use and for protecting them from adversity. TRUE





39. A mispriced security is a stock or bond that is selling for substantially more—or less—than it seems to be worth. TRUE





40. Fundamental investors buy undervalued stocks and avoid buying overvalued stocks. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic



41. To efficient market investors, financial statement data provide a basis for assessing risk, dividend yield, or other firm attributes that are important to portfolio selection decisions. TRUE





42. When earnings and share price fall below acceptable levels, dissident shareholders may launch a proxy contest to elect their own slate of directors at the next annual meeting. TRUE




43. Executive compensation contracts seldom contain annual bonus and longer term pay components tied to financial statement results, but instead usually rely on stock options as a means to reward managers in a manner that is less subject to manipulation by management. FALSE


AICPA BB: Critical ThinkingBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Difficult


44. Employees demand financial information to monitor the health of company-sponsored pension plans. TRUE





45. Lenders monitor financial statement data to ascertain whether borrowers are adhering to, or violating, loan covenants. TRUE





46. Suppliers assess the financial strength of their customers to determine whether they will be paid for goods shipped. TRUE





47. Financial statement information can help customers monitor a supplier's manufacturing processes and thus evaluate the quality of its products. FALSE





48. Broadly defined, the term "analyst" includes anyone who uses financial statements to make decisions as part of their job. TRUE





49. Companies have an economic incentive to supply the information investors want. TRUE





50. The efficient markets hypothesis says that any new development is quickly reflected in a firm's stock price. TRUE




51. According to the full disclosure principle, companies create a competitive advantage when they report: • Details about the company's strategies, plans and tactics.• Information about the company's technological and managerial innovations.• Detailed information about the company's operations. FALSE





52. Firms weigh the benefits they may gain from financial disclosures against the costs they incur in making those disclosures. TRUE





53. Some capital providers possess enough bargaining power to allow them to compel companies to deliver the financial information they need for analysis. TRUE





54. When a company's financial instruments are perceived to be of low quality, there is a cost to the company in the form of lower proceeds from issuing stock or higher interest rates when it borrows funds. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic



55. Because financial disclosures are regulated, owners and managers have little economic incentive to supply the amount and type of financial information that will enable them to raise capital most cheaply. FALSE

AACSB: Analytic

AICPA BB: Resource managementBlooms: Comprehension



56. Politically vulnerable firms with high earnings (like oil companies) are often attacked in the financial and popular media, which alleges that those earnings are evidence of anticompetitive business practices. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic




57. Because the supply of financial information is guided by the costs of producing and disseminating it and the benefits it will provide to the company, regulatory groups have little influence over the amount and type of financial information that companies disclose. FALSE

AACSB: Analytic




58. The SEC issued regulation FD to help level the playing field between individual and institutional investors. TRUE




59. Financial reporting regulatory requirements are designed to ensure that companies meet certain minimum levels of financial disclosure. TRUE




60. When a company restates its financial statements due to some accounting irregularity, shareholder lawsuits are often filed against the company and its management. TRUE


AICPA BB: LegalBlooms: Comprehension



61. Fair value accounting is widely touted as a means to avoid future financial crises as it will prevent banks from collapsing. FALSE





62. It is never permissible to issue financial statements that depart from GAAP in any material respect. FALSE



Difficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 01-04 How accounting rules are established; and why management can shape the financial information communicated to outsiders and still be


63. The convention in accounting that strives to ensure business risks and uncertainties are adequately reflected in the financial statements is conservatism. TRUE





64. The degree to which the accounting actually represents the underlying economic events is faithful representation. TRUE


AICPA BB: Critical ThinkingAICPA FN: Measurement

Blooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium



65. GAAP frequently requires financial statement users to accept a compromise that favors reliability over faithful representation. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic




66. Companies can smooth reported income by strategically timing the recognition of revenue and expenses to dampen the normal ups and downs of business activity. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic




67. Although the SEC has the legal authority to set accounting principles in the U.S., it has looked to private-sector organizations (e.g., the FASB) to establish and enforce these principles. FALSE

The SEC retains enforcement authority over financial reporting in the U.S.


AICPA BB: LegalBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium



68. Generally accepted accounting principles are set by the Securities and Exchange Commission. FALSE


AICPA BB: LegalBlooms: Knowledge



69. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has the sole responsibility for setting generally accepted auditing standards. FALSE





70. Management has considerable discretion over the particular accounting procedures used in the statements and over the details contained in supplemental footnotes and related disclosures. TRUE


AICPA BB: MeasurementBlooms: Comprehension



71. GAAP financial reports in the U.S. are intended to reflect the economic condition and performance of the reporting entity. TRUE





72. Companies can change accounting methods, but the changes are restricted to situations where it can be persuasively argued that the newly adopted accounting method is preferable to the old one. TRUE

AACSB: Analytic




73. Financial statements follow rigid guidelines that require adherence to specific procedures. FALSE





74. The network of conventions, rules, guidelines, and procedures used by the accounting profession is known as generally accepted auditing standards. FALSE





75. The accounting standards codification was created by the IASB to harmonize U.S. and international GAAP. FALSE





76. Accounting standard-setting in the U.S. is a technical process and thus little affected by political considerations. FALSE


AICPA BB: LegalBlooms: Comprehension



77. In the United States, the accounting rules that businesses use for external financial reporting purposes differ from the accounting rules required for taxation purposes. TRUE



Learning Objective: 01-05 Why financial reporting philosophies and detailed accounting practices sometimes differ across countries.Revsine - Chapter 01 #77

78. Some countries' philosophy of financial reporting differs from GAAP because their financial reports are required to conform to tax law. TRUE

AACSB: DiversityAICPA BB: Legal

Blooms: ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium


79. While until recently accounting standards were developed by home-country organizations for use by domestic companies, countries in (at least) the European Union based their standards on a common philosophy and shared financial reporting objectives. FALSE

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: GlobalBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium


80. For years, two widely divergent financial reporting approaches existed in the world (the economic performance approach and the commercial and tax law approach). TRUE

AACSB: Diversity



81. In countries where capital is typically provided by a broad base of external investors, financial reporting practices tend to be different from those found in countries where capital is primarily provided by banks or the government. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity



82. A major factor underlying the rise of IFRS is that companies needing to seek global sources of capital are at a disadvantage when they only produce financial statements based on the commercial and tax law approach. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: Global, Resource managementBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium


83. Currently, publicly traded companies located in the European Union may adopt IFRS for financial reporting in consolidated statements. FALSE

AACSB: Diversity


Learning Objective: 01-06 The reasons for the increased importance of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and why International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) may soon alter the accounting practices of U.S. companies.


84. IFRS consists of a set of rigid standards that are now in use in over 100 countries worldwide. FALSE

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: GlobalBlooms: Knowledge

Difficulty: EasyLearning Objective: 01-06 The reasons for the increased importance of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and why International Financial

Reporting Standards (IFRS) may soon alter the accounting practices of U.S. companies.Revsine - Chapter 01 #84

85. The IASB and FASB are working together to develop a single set of high-quality, compatible accounting standards that can be used for both domestic and cross-border financial reporting. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: GlobalAICPA FN: Measurement




86. Foreign companies registered with the SEC that use IFRS no longer have to reconcile their financial statements to U.S. GAAP. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: GlobalAICPA FN: MeasurementBlooms: Comprehension

Difficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 01-06 The reasons for the increased importance of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and why International Financial


87. Compared to U.S. GAAP, IASB standard generally allow firms more latitude. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity




88. When IFRS permits different accounting treatments for similar business transactions and events, one of these treatments is labeled the benchmark treatment. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: GlobalAICPA FN: Measurement

Blooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Easy



89. IFRS are frequently much more detailed than their U.S. GAAP counterpart standards. FALSE

AACSB: Diversity




90. U.S. GAAP has been criticized as being too "rules-based" thus allowing managers to invent "loopholes" that conform to the letter of a standard but simultaneously violate its spirit. TRUE





91. Since its inception, the FASB has endeavored to draft pronouncements that clearly identify the accounting objective, explain the accounting principle(s) being applied, avoid bright-line rules, and provide enough implementation guidance for consistent application. FALSE





92. The goal of the growing movement toward international convergence of accounting standards is a single set of accounting standards accepted worldwide and superior to the choices presently available. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity




93. U.S. GAAP and IFRS are both grounded in the same economic performance philosophy. TRUE

AACSB: Diversity




94. A company's financial statements reflect information about A. future projections of sales, expenses, and other future economic events.B. product information and competitive positions.C. the general economy of the industry in which the company operates.D. economic events that affect a company that can be translated into accounting numbers.




95. All financial statements: A. provide a picture of the company at a moment in time.B. describe changes that took place over a period of time.C. help to evaluate what happened in the past.D. contain most up to date information about the company.




96. A firm's financial statements contain trends that give users insight into the firm's A. future market share.B. position within its industry.C. profitability, productivity, and liquidity.D. current market price for common and preferred stock.


Blooms: ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium


97. The ability to raise additional cash by selling assets, issuing stock, or borrowing more is A. financial flexibility.B. a credit risk indicator.C. a stock price predictor.D. one way to project earnings.




98. Creditors assess credit risk by comparing a firm's required principal and interest payments to estimates of the firm's current and future A. net assets.B. gross income.C. net income.D. cash flows.

AACSB: Analytic



99. Professional analysts need information on a company's future earnings and cash flow to evaluate audit vulnerabilities, to assess debt repayment prospects and to A. certify good values in the stock market.B. indemnify creditors against losses.C. certify that no fraud exists in the company.D. value its equity securities.

AACSB: Analytic



100. The section of published reports of public companies that includes a description of the company's business risks, results of operations, financial condition, and future plans for the company is known as the A. management's discussion and analysis.B. management representation letter.C. president's message.D. board of directors' analysis.

AACSB: Analytic



101. Companies that have projected operating cash flows that are more than sufficient to meet debt payments are A. financially flexible.B. good credit risk companies.C. undervalued.D. overvalued.

AACSB: Analytic




102. Investors who compare a firm's discounted future cash flows to the current market price of a stock are using the A. efficient market hypothesis.B. market-to-market approach.C. fundamental analysis approach.D. technical analysis approach.

AACSB: Analytic




103. A company's financial statements can be used for all of the following purposes except A. as a scorecard on the company's social responsibility.B. as a management report card.C. as an early warning signal.D. as a measure of accountability.

AACSB: Analytic




104. The market analysis known as fundamental analysis A. predicts future trends in the financial drivers of a company's success or failure.B. relies on price and volume movement of stock.C. has no insights about company value beyond current market price.D. uses microeconomic data to forecast stock values.



Difficulty: DifficultLearning Objective: 01-01 Why financial statements are valuable sources of information about companies.


105. Investors who follow a fundamental analysis approach A. determine the value the company's assets would yield if sold individually.B.

estimate the value of a stock by assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows that will accrue to the issuing company.

C. assess the company's ability to meet its debt-related financial obligations.D. assess the company's ability to raise additional cash by selling assets, issuing stock, or borrowing

more.

AACSB: Reflective thinkingAICPA BB: Resource management

Blooms: ComprehensionDifficulty: Difficult


106. Analytical review procedures include all of the following except A. simple ratio and trend analysis.B. complex statistical techniques.C. general reasonableness tests.D. comparison of the company's reported financial results to benchmarks established by the SEC.



Difficulty: HardLearning Objective: 01-02 How the demand for financial information comes from its ability to improve decision making and monitor managers activities.


107. Relevant financial information A. is free from bias and error.B. is measured in a similar manner among different companies.C. can be independently verified.D. is capable of making a difference in a decision.





108. To achieve faithful representation, the financial information must be A. consistent, unbiased, and relevant.B. relevant, comparable, and timely.C. relevant, consistent, and timely.D. complete, neutral, and free from material error.





109. Financial information that is provided to decision makers before it loses its capacity to influence their decisions is A. neutral.B. verifiable.C. timely.D. consistent.





110. Financial information that does not favor one set of interested parties over another is A. relevant.B. verifiable.C. neutral.D. faithfully represented.





111. When independent measurers get similar results when using the same accounting measurement methods, the financial information is A. relevant.B. verifiable.C. timely.D. faithfully represented.





112. Being verifiable and neutral is part of what makes financial information A. useful.B. consistent.C. comparable.D. relevant.





113. If a company fails to disclose information about a lawsuit because it might be embarrassing to the company, it is violating A. relevance.B. verifiability.C. neutrality.D. timeliness.



Difficulty: HardLearning Objective: 01-04 How accounting rules are established; and why management can shape the financial information communicated to outsiders and still be


114. Financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is A. relevant.B. verifiable.C. consistent.D. neutral.





115. Business enterprises enter into many different types of contracts. Examples of such contracts that often contain language that refers to verifiable financial statement numbers include all of the following except A. royalty contracts with inventors.B. sales contracts with customers.C. compensation contracts with managers.D. debt contracts with bankers.

AACSB: Analytic



116. The type of analysis that uses financial statements to assess valuation of current market price is A. valuation analysis.B. efficient market analysis.C. fundamental analysis.D. technical analysis.





117. The type of analysis that does not concern itself with financial statement numbers is A. valuation analysis.B. efficient market analysis.C. fundamental analysis.D. technical analysis.





118. Investors who presume that they have no insights about company value beyond the current market price and use financial statement data to assess firm-specific variables believe in the A. market-to-market hypothesis.B. efficient market hypothesis.C. fundamental market hypothesis.D. technical market hypothesis.

AACSB: Analytic




119. The amounts of executive compensation and bonuses are often determined by A. auditor's recommendations.B. evaluations by subordinates.C. company contracts.D. industry guidelines.




120. Employees demand financial statement information because the firm's performance is often linked to all of the following except A. negotiated increases in union contracts.B. social security benefits.C. pension plan benefits.D. employee profit sharing.




121. When a borrower violates a loan covenant that requires minimum achievement of an accounting measure in the financial statements, the lender can A. immediately seize the loan collateral.B. fire the chief operating officer of the borrower.C. report the borrower to the IRS.D. call for immediate repayment of the loan.




122. Investors and analysts are sometimes urged to ignore traditional GAAP numbers and instead focus on nonstandard "pro forma" numbers because A.

the political compromises made to achieve consensus when issuing FASB pronouncements lead to inaccurate portrayals of underlying events.

B. management believes the pro forma numbers portray the company in a better light.C. the pro forma numbers are closer to those reported under international reporting standards.D. pro forma numbers are easier to understand.



Difficulty: DifficultLearning Objective: 01-01 Why financial statements are valuable sources of information about companies.


123. GAAP's goals are to ensure that financial statements A. do not contain any representation that could jeopardize management.B. provide stockholders all of the information they need to assess management's performance.C. are accurate and free from fraud.D. clearly reflect the economic condition and performance of the company.





124. Timeliness is a qualitative characteristic of accounting information that indicates that information should be provided to users A. within one month after the close of the books.B. before it loses its capacity to influence their decisions.C. before statutory deadlines.D. every month.





125. Which one of the following types of disclosure costs is the cost of disclosing the company's pricing strategies? A. Political costB. Litigation costC. Competitive disadvantage costD. Information collection, processing, and dissemination cost





126. If the financial reporting environment were unregulated, disclosure would occur voluntarily A.

as long as other companies in the reporting company's industry voluntarily disclosed financial information.

B. only to analysts that the company believes will report favorably on the company's prospects.C. only when managers wanted to raise additional capital.D.

as long as the incremental benefits to the company from supplying financial information exceeded the incremental costs of providing the information.

AACSB: Analytic




127. Companies offering higher risk securities have incentives to mask their true condition by A. supplying overly optimistic financial information.B. not having their financial statements audited.C. listing on foreign exchanges where reporting requirements are less stringent than those in the U.S.D. including testimonials from well known executives in their financial statements.

AACSB: Analytic




128. One financial disclosure cost is the possibility that competitors may use the information to harm the company providing the disclosure. All of the following disclosures might create a competitive disadvantage except A.

detailed information about company operations, such as sales and cost figures for individual product lines.

B. information about the company's technological and managerial innovations.C. information on the company's level of spending on research and development.D. details about the company's strategies, plans and tactics.

AACSB: Analytic




129. It is common for shareholders to initiate litigation when A. the company reports record profits, but does not declare dividends.B. there's a sudden drop in stock price.C. the company introduces new products that are found to be harmful to the environment.D.

rumors about the company appear in the media that, if true, would result in slower growth in future profits.



Difficulty: HardLearning Objective: 01-03 How the supply of financial information is influenced by the costs of producing and disseminating it and by the benefits it provides.


130. Using the same accounting methods to record and report similar events from period to period demonstrates A. consistency.B. comparability.C. neutrality.D. faithful representation.





131. Which one of the following has statutory authority to determine accounting rules? A. American Institute of Certified Public AccountantsB. State Boards of AccountancyC. Securities and Exchange CommissionD. Financial Accounting Standards Board


AICPA BB: LegalBlooms: Knowledge



132. The growth of global investing has spurred development of worldwide accounting standards that are written by the A. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.B. Institute of Global Auditors.C. Global Committee on Accounting Standards.D. International Accounting Standards Board.

AACSB: Diversity




133. Common justifications for changing accounting methods include all of the following except: A. to conform to industry practice.B. to more accurately represent the company's activities.C. a new pronouncement by the FASB necessitated the change.D.

the company's financial position appears significantly better when reported under the new method than under the old one.





134. In 2009, the FASB completed a five-year effort to distill the existing GAAP literature into a single database known as A. the accounting standards database.B. international financial reporting standards.C. the converged accounting standards.D. the accounting standards codification.


AICPA FN: ResearchBlooms: Knowledge



135. The ASC uses a structure in which the FASB's authoritative accounting guidance is organized into all of the following except A. chapters.B. topics.C. sections.D. paragraphs.


AICPA FN: ResearchBlooms: Knowledge



136. ASC content is organized A. alphabetically by topic.B. in chronological order based on the issue date of the major pronouncement on which the content is

based.C. without regard to the original standard from which the content was derived.D. in the manner prescribed by the IASB.


AICPA FN: ResearchBlooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Medium



137. GAAP's flexibility in its reporting standards allows companies to A. smooth reported earnings over several reporting periods.B. change accounting estimates to meet target sales or earnings.C. change accounting principles to improve reported earnings.D. avoid adopting specific accounting techniques and reporting procedures.





138. Financial statements follow A. rigid guidelines that require specific adherence to regulated procedures.B. generally accepted guidelines that allow management to choose among different procedures.C. general guidelines with little choice among different procedures.D. legal requirements for uniform presentation and disclosure.





139. A company manages a large portfolio of marketable securities and sells only stocks with substantial gains in poor income years or sells only stocks with substantial losses in good income years. This strategy is an indication of A. securities fraud.B. unstable portfolio management.C. income smoothing.D. violating security trading laws.

AACSB: Analytic




140. Identify the correct order of the three steps constituting the FASB's "due process" procedure. A. Public-hearing stage, exposure-draft stage, and voting stage.B. Discussion-memorandum stage, public-hearing stage, and voting stage.C. Exposure-draft stage, discussion-memorandum stage, and voting stage.D. Discussion-memorandum stage, exposure-draft stage, and voting stage.





141. The Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 required all publicly traded firms to A. purchase insurance against corporate bankruptcy.B. register with an authorized stock exchange.C. provide annual financial statements audited by independent accountants.D. file balance sheets, income statements, and statements of cash flow with the SEC each year.





142. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has responsibility for the establishment of U. S. accounting standards and A. full statutory power to enforce compliance with GAAP.B. authority from the SEC to enforce compliance with GAAP.C. no authority or responsibility to enforce compliance with GAAP.D. responsibility imposed by AICPA to enforce compliance with GAAP.





143. When financial information is measured and reported in a similar manner across different companies in the same industry it is A. consistent.B. comparable.C. neutral.D. faithfully represented.





144. When a company changes from straight-line to the declining balance method of accounting for depreciation, the financial statements lack A. comparability.B. consistency.C. neutrality.D. faithful representation.





145. The network of conventions, rules, guidelines, and procedures used by the accounting profession is known as generally accepted A. auditing standards.B. accounting procedures.C. accounting principles.D. auditing principles.





146. When a financial statement contains omissions or misstatements that would alter the judgment of a reasonable person, it violates A. neutrality.B. consistency.C. conservatism.D. materiality.





147. Some countries' philosophy of financial reporting differs from U.S. GAAP because their financial reports are required to A. be verifiable.B. conform to tax and/or commercial law.C. be reported and measured in a similar manner across companies.D. use the same accounting methods for similar events period to period.

AACSB: Diversity



148. Depending on the home-country of a reporting entity, historically (e.g., pre-IFRS) its financial statements might have been A. intended to capture and reflect the underlying performance and condition of the reporting entity.B. in conformity with mandated laws or detailed tax rules.C. either a. or b.D. none of the above.

AACSB: Diversity



149. Financial reporting philosophies differ across countries. These philosophies evolve from and reflect several factors including all of the following except A. the language(s) spoken in the country.B. the specific political institutions within the country.C. the specific financial institutions within the country.D. the country's social customs.

AACSB: Diversity



150. Companies needing to access new and ever larger sources of capital in response to increased international competitiveness face a severe disadvantage if their financial reporting A. is in accordance with IFRS.B. is in accordance with U.S. GAAP.C. is based on a commercial and tax law approach.D. is based on an economic performance approach.

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: Global, Resource managementBlooms: Comprehension

Difficulty: MediumLearning Objective: 01-05 Why financial reporting philosophies and detailed accounting practices sometimes differ across countries.


151. International accounting rules are currently established by the A. IASC.B. IASB.C. FASB.D. none of the above.

AACSB: Diversity




152. IFRS frequently A. upon issue are automatically approved for any foreign listed company.B. permit only one accounting treatment for similar business transactions and events to promote

comparability.C. allow firms less latitude when compared to U.S. GAAP.D. follow a more generalized overview approach than do U.S. GAAP counterpart standards.

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: GlobalBlooms: Comprehension



153. IFRS are A. built on broad principles.B. rules-based.C. narrowly defined, detailed standards.D. seldom different than those issued by the FASB.

AACSB: Diversity

Blooms: KnowledgeDifficulty: Easy



154. The SEC has issued a proposed roadmap for the adoption of IFRS by U.S. public companies, specifying adoption by the end of A. 2011.B. 2014.C. 2015.D. The roadmap does not specify a "date certain" for adoption.

AACSB: Diversity




155. Stock markets are common in many countries and economies. Explain the need for and use of a stock market in an economy.

A stock market enables an efficient allocation of capital. It serves as a market place for buyers and sellers to meet and provides liquidity.



Difficulty: HardLearning Objective: 01-02 How the demand for financial information comes from its ability to improve decision making and monitor managers activities.


156. A tremendous amount of time, money, and effort are spent on the compilation of quarterly and yearly financial reports. Correspondingly, they attract a lot of attention and scrutiny. Explain the role and importance of financial reports in capital markets.

Financial reports provide relevant information on companies' financial condition and performance to current and potential stakeholders; this, in turn, facilitates efficient decision making.





157. Financial reporting is arguably one of the most heavily regulated areas of business activity. Provide the main reasons why accounting information is so heavily regulated. In your answer try to address the intended consequences of such regulation.

Accounting information is regulated with the intention of increasing efficiency, preventing market failure, and preventing abuse given that the incentives of information producers are not aligned with those of users. Regulation also promotes reliability and comparability.





158. Briefly explain the forces behind the rise of IFRS.

Global economic expansion fueled a need for companies to access new and ever larger sources of capital. Global capital formation, however, is hampered when significant financial reporting variation exists as potential investors find it hard to compare the risks and potential rewards of investment alternatives in different countries. The IASB intends to solve this problem by issuing high quality, understandable, enforceable, and globally accepted international financial reporting standards.

AACSB: Diversity

AICPA BB: Global, Resource managementBlooms: Comprehension



1 Summary Category # of Questions

AACSB: Analytic 22

AACSB: Diversity 24

AACSB: Reflective thinking 112

AICPA BB: Critical Thinking 49

AICPA BB: Global 19

AICPA BB: Global, Resource management 3

AICPA BB: Industry 17

AICPA BB: Legal 9

AICPA BB: Measurement 1

AICPA BB: Resource management 14

AICPA FN: Measurement 41

AICPA FN: Research 3

AICPA FN: Risk analysis 2

Blooms: Comprehension 59

Blooms: Knowledge 99

Difficulty: Difficult 4

Difficulty: Easy 51

Difficulty: Hard 4

Difficulty: Medium 99

Learning Objective: 01-01 Why financial statements are valuable sources of information about companies. 26

Learning Objective: 01-02 How the demand for financial information comes from its ability to improve decision making and monitor managers activities.

32

Learning Objective: 01-03 How the supply of financial information is influenced by the costs of producing and disseminating it and by the benefits it provides.

25


49

Learning Objective: 01-05 Why financial reporting philosophies and detailed accounting practices sometimes differ across countries.

10


16

Revsine - Chapter 01 158

1. the type of analysis that uses financial statements ... type of analysis that uses financial...

Documents