1

“The Republicans Take Power”

Unpacking the StandardsUnpacking the Standards

After reading this section, you will be able to:

•Describe how Jefferson won the 1800 election.

•Outline the goals Jefferson set in his inaugural address.

•Explain how Jefferson reduced the role of government.

•Discuss the Marbury v. Madison decision and its impact.

1801

1809

Jefferson Becomes President

In 1801 Washington, D.C. (D.C. = ), was

slowing rising from a swampy site on the River.

Political philosopher, “Father” of the , first Secretary of , leader of the Party, and 3rd President of the United States.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

The Election of 1800

Federalists Republicans

Nominated: John AdamsVP: Charles Pinckney

•Adams received 65 electoral votes

Nominated: Thomas JeffersonVP: Aaron Burr

•Jefferson AND Burr each received 73 electoral votes

versusversus

In the event of a tie, the Constitution stipulates that the members of this house would have to decide the election.

The House of RepresentativesThe House of Representatives

The House Decides the Election

Thomas Jefferson

Aaron Burr

RepublicanRepublican RepublicanRepublicanControlled by

FederalistsControlled by

Federalists

For 35 ballots, the election remained tied. Finally at urging, one Federalist

decided not to vote for Burr.

For 35 ballots, the election remained tied. Finally at urging, one Federalist

decided not to vote for Burr.Alexander Hamilton’s

PRESIDENT VICE PRES.

He believed that a large government threatened liberty and that the could best protect freedom.

In Jefferson’s inaugural address, he outlined some of his goals which included maintaining “a wise and frugal gov’t.”

Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of the federal gov’t. These ideas were similar to the French philosophy of laissez-faire – “let do as they

.”

Jefferson’s Inauguration

Inauguration – to formally admit someone to office.

We are all Republicans,we are all Federalists.

federal

states

peoplechoose

Jefferson’s Policies

Jefferson wanted to limit the scope of the federal government

Jefferson’s Takes Charge

Jefferson surrounded himself with men who shared his Republican principles.

He wanted people who would support his policies and carry them out

WHY?

Men like:

James MadisonSec. of State

Albert Gallatin

Sec. of the Treasury

Jefferson and Gallatin aimed to reduce the national debt by:

Jefferson and Gallatin aimed to reduce the national debt by:

1.Cutting the army by ⅓

Reducing navy from 25 to 7 ships

2.

Midnight Judges

Congress

The Judiciary Act of 1801(this act increased the number

of federal judges)

PASSES

President Adams

Wanted to fill as many positions as he could with Federalists. He supposedly signed appointments until midnight on his last day of office.

Marbury v. Madison

Adams’s appointments could not take effect until the legal papers (commissions) were delivered . . .

James MadisonSec. of State

When Jefferson took office, a few commission had not been delivered

William Marbury knew that he had been issued a commission, but it never gets delivered . . .

Marbury v. Madison

William Marbury

James Madison

Writ of Mandamus

Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus exceeded the authority allotted the Court under Article III of the Constitution, and was therefore null and void.

Three Principles of Judicial Review

Review Questions1. Who was the leader of the Federalist party?2. Who was the second president of the United States?3. Who was the third president of the United States?4. To which party did the third president belong?5. Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal government

threatened liberty. Who did he think could best protect freedom?

6. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes in the election of 1800. Which group decided the election?

7. Which amendment requires electors to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots?

8. Define: laissez-faire9. How did Jefferson and his Secretary of the Treasury, Albert

Gallatin, reduce the national debt that the Federalist had left?10.Name the court case that established judicial review