1 the household position of the elderly during the 18-19 th centuries in the carpathian basin: pilot...

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The household position of the elderly during the 18-19th centuries in the

Carpathian Basin: Pilot studies from

Hungarian micro-databases

Tamás Faragó (BCE),

Peter Őri and Levente Pakot (DRI)

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Proportions of elderly persons (60+) in three countries (1760-2001)

0,0

2,5

5,0

7,5

10,0

12,5

15,0

17,5

20,0

22,5

1760

1771

1781

1791

1801

1811

1821

1831

1841

1851

1857

1869

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1941

1949

1960

1970

1980

1990

2001

perc

enta

ge

Hungary (present)

England & Wales

France

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Regional differences in the proportion of elderly persons in the Hungarian Kingdom (1880)

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Basic data of the „Hungary 1760” sample (Preliminary version)

Sex ratio Proportion of elderly

persons in the population (%)

Proportion of year 0-4

Whipple index

Number of elderly

persons

Total population

Ethno-cultural groups

Number of settlements

Total population

Elderly persons

Male Female Total Percentage (60+) Head

Croats 4 969 644 4,8 3,2 4,0 16,9 263 97 2 400 Slovaks 6 940 695 4,7 3,5 4,1 16,8 325 100 2 442 Germans 7 938 1019 3,1 3,4 3,3 17,5 248 105 3 214

Protestant Hungarians

10 1004 750 4,8 3,6 4,2 14,6 336 140 3 322

Catholics in Pest county

6 969 660 5,8 3,9 4,9 17,6 362 156 3 211

Catholics in West-Transdanubia

7 963 722 4,5 3,3 3,9 16,1 285 93 2 379

Hungarians together 23 980 706 5,1 3,7 4,4 16,1 334 389 8 912 Settlement types Village population 40 965 736 4,6 3,5 4,1 16,6 310 691 16 968 Market towns 2 1002 1163 4,2 4,9 4,6 16,5 299 173 3 803 Gipsy population a) 4 regions 900 615 3,7 2,6 3,2 18,7 468 63 1 985

Total sample 42+4 reg. 965 793 4,5 3,7 4,1 16,8 318 927 22 756 a) sedentary population

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Marital status of the elderly persons in Hungary (1760)

Non married

Married Widowed Un- known

Total N Proportion of ever married

Male % Village population 0,8 78,6 20,3 0,3 100,0 398 99,0 Market towns 85,0 15,0 100,0 80 100,0 Gipsy population a) 89,7 10,3 100,0 39 100,0

Total 0,6 80,5 18,7 0,2 100,0 517 99,2 N 3 416 97 1 517

Female % Village population 0,7 34,8 62,5 2,0 100,0 293 97,3 Market towns 1,1 25,8 72,0 1,1 100,0 93 97,8 Gipsy population a) 62,5 37,5 100,0 24 100,0

Total 0,7 34,4 63,2 1,7 100,0 410 97,6 N 3 141 259 7 410

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Household position by sex of elderly persons (1760)

Household heads a) Other household

members

Alone With

spouse

Nuclear family (III.)

Extended family (IV-V.)

Other (II.& VI.)

Heads

Wife Relative Other

b)

Non heads

Total N

Male % Villages 3,0 9,8 33,2 43,0 1,8 90,7 8,3 1,0 9,3 100,0 398 Market towns 1,2 21,3 48,8 18,8 1,2 91,3 7,5 1,2 8,7 100,0 81 Gipsy population

17,9 66,7 10,3 94,9 5,1 5,1 100,0 39

Total 2,5 12,2 38,1 36,8 1,5 91,1 7,9 1,0 8,9 100,0 518 N 13 63 197 190 8 471 41 5 46 517

Female % Villages 16,1 7,5 7,5 1,0 32,1 32,8 30,3 4,8 67,9 100,0 293 Market towns 15,0 3,2 1,1 1,1 20,4 25,8 51,6 2,2 79,6 100,0 93 Gipsy population

16,7 20,8 37,5 54,2 8,3 62,5 100,0 24

Total 15,9 0,0 7,3 5,6 1,0 29,8 32,4 33,9 3,9 70,2 100,0 410 N 65 30 23 4 122 133 139 16 288 410

a) Roman figures are referring to the Laslett-Hammel household categories b) Servants, solitary lodgers, and undeterminable

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Conclusion and summary (I.)

The regional picture of elderly indicates several factors influencing the level, the pace, and the character of ageing;

The detailed analysis of a sample from the 18th century Hungary suggest remarkable differences between the village and town population, as well as among the cultural groups, and between the ancient and newly settled inhabitants;

The position of the elderly in pre-industrial Hungary is much nearer to the traditional view on the ageing than to the picture of early modern North-Western European populations formed about.

Outline

1. Data (collection supported by MPIDR in the framework of MOSAIC project)

2. Descriptive statistics

3. Multivariate analysis

4. Conclusions

KÖZPONTI STATISZTIKAI HIVATALNÉPESSÉGTUDOMÁNYI KUTATÓINTÉZET

1149 Budapest, Angol u. 77.Tel.: (36 1) 251 0288, (36 1) 384 3167 Fax: (36 1) 383 3111

CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICEDEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

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D E M O G R A P H I C

Data Sample from Census 1869: General characteristics

Transylvania sample (Maros-Torda c.)

„Partium” sample (Közép-Szolnok c.)

Total

Nr. of settlem. 7 6 13

Av. pop. size 836 578

Nr. of indiv. 5849 3465 9314*

Nr. of househ. 1301 741 2042*

% of material preserved 8.4 13.5

‰ of regional pop. size 3.0 2.9




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DataSample from Census 1869: Denominational Distribution (%)

R. cath.

Gr. cath.

Arm. cath.

Orth. Luth. Calv. Unit. Jew.

Trans. sample 11.2 24.4 0.4 32.9 0.1 25.0 0.8 5.1

„Partium” sample 2.1 66.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 27.8 0.0 3.5




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Data Sample from Census 1869: Occupational Distribution (%)

Freeholders/smallholders

Landless/day lab.

Artis. Intell. Merch.Others/

unkown

Trans. sample 63.7 22.5 7.4 2.5 2.0 1.9

„Partium” sample 70.4 17.0 2.8 2.4 2.1 5.2




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Data Sample from Census 1869:Household Structure (L.-H. typ.) (%)

Solitaire No familySimple family

Extended family

Multiple family

Aver.

hh. size

Trans. sample

2.0 2.3 81.9 10.2 3.6 4.5

„Partium” sample

5.1 2.6 72.6 11.9 7.8 5.7




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Descriptive resultsEstimates of the Older Pop. (%)

Percent Sex ratio

Age 50+ Age 65+ Age 50+ Age 65+

Trans. sample 10.7 2.6 134 175

Maros c. 12.0 3.0 113 119

Trans. region 13.6 3.9 113 111

„Partium” sample 10.4 3.4 109 123

Közép-Szolnok c. 11.6 3.4 118 122

„Partium” region 12.7 4.7 119 120




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Descriptive resultsLiving Arrang. of the Pop. Aged 50+

Married Widowed Single

Women Men Women Men Women Men

Trans.

sample

Nr. of cases 173 291 84 61 7 2

Unmarried children 49.1 62.2 26.2 26.2 0.0 0.0

No children 27.8 22.0 5.6 11.5 14.3 0.0

Married children 17.3 12.4 56.0 54.1 0.0 0.0

Other kin 2.3 1.4 3.6 1.7 57.1 100.0

Nonkin 3.4 2.1 8.3 6.6 28.6 0.0

Part.

sample

Nr. of cases 85 140 82 41 5 5

Unmarried children 29.4 49.3 19.5 17.1 0.0 0.0

No children 15.3 10.7 11.0 9.8 20.0 20.0

Married children 45.9 32.9 52.4 53.7 20.0 20.0

Other kin 4.7 3.6 3.7 2.4 60.0 40.0

Nonkin 4.7 3.6 13.4 17.0 0.0 20.0




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Descriptive results% of the Older Pop. Living in Various Resid. Arrangements (married women/men)

Married women Married men

50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Trans.

Nr. of cases 66 60 26 21 97 85 48 61

Unmar. child. 59.1 53.3 30.8 28.6 80.4 60.0 58.3 39.3

No children 19.7 20.0 46.2 52.4 12.4 20.0 25.0 37.7

Mar. child. 16.7 23.3 11.5 9.5 5.2 17.6 12.5 16.4

Other kin 3.0 1.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.1 1.6

Nonkin 1.5 1.7 7.7 9.5 2.1 0.0 2.1 4.9

Part.

Nr. of cases 21 30 15 19 38 36 24 41

Unmar. child. 52.4 30.0 26.7 5.3 78.9 52.8 41.7 22.0

No children 9.5 20.0 13.3 15.8 5.3 11.1 12.5 14.6

Mar. child. 23.8 40.0 53.3 73.7 13.2 27.8 37.5 53.7

Other kin 9.5 0.0 6.7 5.3 2.6 0.0 4.2 7.3

Nonkin 4.8 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 4.2 2.4




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Descriptive results% of the Older Pop. Living in Various Resid. Arrangements (widowed women/men)

Widowed women Widowed men

50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Trans.

Nr. of cases 17 23 13 31 10 11 8 32

Unmar. child. 58.8 26.1 38.5 3.2 90.0 18.2 37.5 6.3

No children 11.8 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 12.5 15.6

Mar. child. 23.5 47.8 61.5 77.4 10.0 54.5 50.0 68.8

Other kin 5.9 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1

Nonkin 0.0 13.0 0.0 12.9 0.0 18.2 0.0 6.3

Part.

Nr. of cases 11 23 16 32 7 5 6 23

Unmar. child. 36.4 30.4 12.5 9.4 28.6 20.0 66.7 0.0

No children 9.1 8.7 6.3 15.6 28.6 0.0 0.0 8.7

Mar. child. 36.4 47.8 56.3 59.4 28.6 60.0 16.7 69.6

Other kin 9.1 4.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3

Nonkin 9.1 8.7 18.8 15.6 14.3 20.0 16.7 17.4




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Multivariate approach: results of MLREffects of Age, Sex and Marital Status

Living with Unmarried Children versus

Living with Married Children

Living without Children

versus


Odds ratio p Odds ratio p

Age group

50-54 ref. 1.00 ref. 1.00

55-59 0.33 0.00 0.69 0.25

60-64 0.29 0.00 0.90 0.77

65+ 0.07 0.00 0.68 0.77

Sex and Mar. Status

Married males ref. 1.00 ref. 1.00

Married females 0.41 0.00 0.89 0.66

Widowed males 0.19 0.00 0.17 0.00

Widowed females 0.15 0.00 0.14 0.00




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Multivariate approach: results of MLREffects of Occupation




versus



Occupation

Freeholders ref. 1.00 ref. 1.00

Landless/day lab. 1.50 0.16 2.01 0.04

Artisans 2.66 0.09 1.53 0.52

Intellect. 0.52 0.23 0.47 0.29

Merchants 0.95 0.96 1.34 0.83

Others and unkn. 0.84 0.68 1.81 0.15




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Multivariate approach: results of MLREffects of Religion and Region




versus



Religion

Reformed ref. 1.00 ref. 1.00

Greek cath. 0.51 0.00 0.42 0.00

Orthodox 1.33 0.32 0.74 0.37

Roman cath. 1.20 0.60 1.38 0.39

Jewish 2.65 0.22 0.42 0.45

Region

Transylvania ref. 1.00 ref. 1.00

„Partium” 0.69 0.09 0.46 0.00




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Conclusions (questions and future developments)

The sample proved to be suitable for the analysis of residential arrangements of the elderly

Significant effects of age, sex and marital status and occupation

The interpretation of the effects of religion and region need further analysis: the consequence of different economic conditions or different value system?

The need for enlarging the actual sample for inter- and intra-regional comparative analysis




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Thank you for your attention !

1 the household position of the elderly during the 18-19 th centuries in the carpathian basin: pilot...

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data sample

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levente pakot dri slide

proportions of elderly

sex of elderly persons

proportion of elderly

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