1 the adolescent female. 2 objectives 1.to learn the changes taking place with the female anatomy...
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The Adolescent Female
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Objectives
1. To learn the changes taking place with the female anatomy and physiology during puberty
2. To learn the role of hormones in growth, development and personal health
3. To learn about menstrual health and its relationship to reproduction
4. To learn about reproduction and birth
5. To learn about the emotional development taking place during adolescence
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The Adolescent Female
The Female Anatomy
Puberty Reproduction
Common Female Diseases
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Discussion QuestionsClick Button
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The Female Anatomy
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The Female Anatomy
The Female Anatomy
Summary
Quiz
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The Female Reproductive Anatomy
• Ovary
produces ovum or eggs and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone
• Ovum
the female reproductive cell or eggs, which contribute the X chromosomes
OvaryEgg
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Uterus
Fallopian tubes
The Female Reproductive Anatomy
• Fallopian tubes
tubes transporting the ovum or egg to the uterus
fertilization occurs here
• Uterus
when an egg is fertilized, it implants in the lining of the uterus
when there is not a fertilized egg, the lining of the uterus sheds
known as the “womb”
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The Female Reproductive Anatomy
• Cervix
bottom end of the uterus
opening between the uterus and vagina, where sperm, menstrual fluid and the fetus pass through
• Vagina
pathway for menstrual flow and sperm, as well as the birth canal
Cervix
Vagina
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The Female Reproductive Anatomy
• Urethra
opening for urine
• Clitoris
sensitive tissue for sexual stimulation
Clitoris
Urethral opening
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The Female Reproductive Anatomy
Uterus
Bladder
Labium minora
Ovary
Rectum
Cervix
Vagina
Anus
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The Female Reproductive Anatomy
The Female Reproductive
Anatomy
Labium majora
Bladder
Anus
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Vagina
Labium minora
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Summary
• The female anatomy includes the ovary, ovum, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, urethra and clitoris
The Female Reproductive
Anatomy
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Quiz
Define the following parts of the Female Reproductive Anatomy.
1. Fallopian Tubes:
2. Cervix:
3. Uterus:
4. Ovary:
5. Vagina:
The Female Reproductive
Anatomy
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PubertyHome
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Puberty
Puberty
Summary
Quiz
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Emotional ChangesClick Button
Physical ChangesClick Button
MenstruationClick Button
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Puberty• Puberty is the period of time
when sexual characteristics develop and sexual organs mature
• Adolescents experience a significant growth spurt during this time
• Adolescents experience new and different emotions during this time
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Puberty • Brain releases a special hormone
called the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which causes puberty
when the hormone reaches the pituitary gland, the gland releases two more puberty hormones:
1.Luteinizing hormone
2.Follicle-stimulating hormone
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Puberty• Luteinizing & Follicle-stimulating
stimulates secretion of sex hormones from the ovaries
− starts the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
− helps with egg production and maturation
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Puberty• Occurs between the ages of
nine and 16
• Causes changes, which occur gradually or very rapidly
will see the greatest amount of growth during adolescence
will experience many growth spurts and puberty changes
Puberty
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Emotional Changes Females Experience
• Desire to control own life and be independent
• Experience strong feelings and emotions unlike any before
• Desire relationships
• Experience mood changes
bad temper Puberty
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There is no such thing as “normal” growth. There is only what is normal for
Physical Changes
• Growth between two and 10 inches during
puberty between 15 and 55 pounds during
puberty
Do not worry if you grow more
or less.
These are only averages.
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Physical Changes
• Skin changes breakouts or acne— skin condition appearing
as bumps• can be connected to menstruation • oil glands increase production of oil during
puberty
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Physical Changes
• Four types of acne
1. whitehead— when a clogged pore closes and bulges out from the skin
2. blackhead— when a clogged pore stays open and the surface becomes dark
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Physical Changes
• Four types of acne
3. pimple— small red infection caused by bacteria and dead skin cells
4. cyst— clogged pore deep in the skin possibly leading to a bigger infection
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Physical Changes
• To prevent acne: drink a lot of water wash your face every day examine over-the-counter
products designed to fight breakouts
keep your hair off your face− your hair’s natural oils can cause
your face to become oily
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Physical Changes
• To prevent acne: use oil-free products on your face avoid putting your hands on your face
− your hands can transfer bacteria to your face and this causes breakouts
visit a doctor to talk about your acne and to receive a prescription
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Physical Changes
Flat chest
with nipples
Breast buds Full breasts
• Growth of breasts
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Physical Changes
• Hair growth growth and darkening of pubic hair growth of underarm hair thickening of leg hair
Puberty
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Menstruation
• Is when the female’s body releases an ova or egg from the ovariesovaries begin to produce more estrogen and other
hormones
• Happens usually every month and lasts between three and seven days
• Is the beginning of the menstrual cyclea girl’s first period is called menarche
• Is a normal process for females and is nothing to be afraid of
Ovulation is when the ovaries
release a ready egg or
ovum.
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EggUterus
Ovary
Fallopian Tube
Blood
On average, you ovulate half the time from one ovary and the other time from the other ovary.
Menstruation • Ovary releases
one egg about once a month
• Released egg travels down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus
• Uterus’ lining begins to fill with blood and fluid when this happens
When you were born,
you had about 60,000 eggs.
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Blood
Fertilization is when the sperm from a male joins an egg from a
female.
Menstruation
• While the egg is in the uterus, it can join with sperm from a male
• If this happens, then a pregnancy occurs, and the baby can grow in the uterus
• If this does not happen, then the egg dissolves and the blood and fluid from the uterus is released through the vagina
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Menstruation
• Releasing of the blood and fluid is known as a period or menstruation when girls first begin menstruation, their
cycles are irregular sometimes girls might have more than one
period in a month or may not have a period for a few months
as time passes, the cycle will become more regular
No one will know when you have a period other than you. You
cannot tell if a person is having a period by looking at them.
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Menstruation
• Can keep track of periods by using a calendar and marking the starting and ending dates it is helpful for a
girl to figure out her own cycle
During your period, you can continue to act as you normally
do. Keep swimming. Keep running. Keep doing whatever it
is you do!
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Menstruation
• Might experience a little discomfort throughout the menstrual cycle called Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) include symptoms, such as:
cramping
feeling moody or emotional
feeling swollen
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Menstruation
• Can buy over-the-counter medication to relieve these symptoms
If any of these symptoms are severe, see a doctor. Puberty
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Summary
• Puberty is the period of time when sexual characteristics develop and sexual organs mature
• Females experience various emotional and physical changes
• Females begin to menstruate
Puberty
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Quiz
1. Which of the following is the hormone causing puberty:
A. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B. TestosteroneC. Luteinizing hormoneD. Follicle-stimulating hormone
2. Puberty usually starts at the age of:
A. 10-12B. nine-16C. 16D. 11
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Quiz
3. All of the following changes happen in females because of puberty EXCEPT:
A. enlarged breastsB. acneC. widening of the hipsD. voice change
4. A fertilized egg attaches to the:
A. uterusB. vaginaC. cervixD. urethra
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Quiz
5. All of the following happens during menstruation EXCEPT:
Puberty
A. unfertilized egg passes through the vagina B. usually occurs every 28 daysC.usually lasts six daysD. the lining of the uterus is not shed from the
body
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ReproductionHome
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Reproduction
Reproduction
Summary
Quiz
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Female Reproductive Problems
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Pregnancy Click Button
Birth Click Button
MenopauseClick Button
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Reproduction
• If this happens, a pregnancy occurs and the baby grows in the uterus
• Ovary releases an egg into the uterus
• Fertilization occurs when the sperm from a male joins an egg from a female
A pregnancy cannot occur until a female reaches puberty and menstruation has begun.
Reproduction
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Female Reproductive Problems
• Female reproductive disorders can include:
ovarian cyst
ovarian cancer
endometriosis
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Female Reproductive Problems
• Ovarian cyst
mainly occurs during childbearing years
• Ovarian cancer
has several risk factors
− if family members have the disease
− unexplained infertility
− no pregnancies
− living in an industrialized country
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Female Reproductive Problems
• Endometriosis
has several risk factors
− if you are not having a normal menstrual cycle
− if you feel pain when urinating
− if you feel pain when you have a bowel movement while menstruating
Reproduction
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Pregnancy
• Fertilized egg attaches to the uterus wall an embryo is developed by the
division of the egg cells− is called a fetus from the third
month of pregnancy on− requires lots of nutrition in
order to properly develop
− will gain most of its weight during the last three months of pregnancy
The baby is ready to be born after about 40 weeks.
Reproduction
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Birth• Occurs in three stages
1. Stage One
− usually mild muscle contractions in abdomen as uterus begins to push baby into cervix
2. Stage Two
− baby passes through the cervix and into birth canal
3. Stage Three
− uterus muscles contract and the placenta separates from lining of uterus and passes through cervix Reproduction
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Menopause
• Is when a woman has her last menstruation the average age menopause occurs is 51
• Has symptoms, such as: achy joints hot flashes changes in sexual desire extreme sweating
Menopause is another major change in a woman’s life, much
like puberty.
headaches night sweats early wakening frequent urination mood changes
Reproduction
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Summary
• Female reproductive disorders include ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer and endometriosis
• A pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterus wall, then an embryo is developed by the division of the egg cells
• Birth occurs in three stages• Menopause is when a woman has her last
period
Reproduction
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Quiz
1. All of the following are risk factors of ovarian cancer EXCEPT:
A. if family members have the diseaseB. no pregnanciesC. explained fertilityD. living in an industrialized country
2. All of the following are true about a fetus EXCEPT:A. requires a lot of nutritionB. gains most weight during the last three
months of pregnancyC. both A and BD. none of the above
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Quiz
3. Define stage one of birth.
4. All of the following a symptoms of menopause EXCEPT:A. changes in sexual desireB. no sweatingC. headachesD. night sweats
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Quiz
5. Menopause typically occurs at the age of:A. 51 B. 52C. 53D. 54
Reproduction
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Common Female Diseases
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Common Female Diseases
Breast Cancer
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Quiz
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Heart DiseaseClick Button
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Colon CancerClick Button
Early DetectionClick Button
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• Risk factors include:
if family members have the disease
if menstruation starts before the age of 12 and menopause occurs before the age of 50
if you wait to have kids or you do not have children
if your diet is high in saturated fats
if you consume moderate amounts of alcohol
Breast Cancer
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Breast Cancer
• Breast Self-Examinations (BSE) are an early way to detect breast
cancer should be performed once a month, beginning at
puberty
• Performing your BSEs: get to know your breasts during the first exam keep a journal to record changes between exams
Perform a BSE several days after menstruation so your breasts are not swollen or
tender.
The BSEs should be performed on the same day
of every month.
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Everyone’s breast are different. Make sure your breasts’ size, shape and color are normal for you.
Breast Cancer
• To perform a BSE:1.remove your top and bra2. look at your breasts in a mirror with
your shoulders straight and your arms on your hips and evaluate: the size, shape and color of your breasts for swelling or visible distortion for puckering, dimpling or bulging for a nipple, which has changed position,
such as an inverted nipple pushed inward instead of sticking out
for redness, soreness or rash
If you notice any of these
symptoms, do not
panic. It is important you seek medical
attention.
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Breast Cancer
3. lift your arms above your head and look for the same changes as you did in step 2
4. squeeze your nipples between your fingers to check for nipple discharge, such as a milky or yellow color or blood
5. lay down on your bed and feel your breasts with your left arm behind your head,
use your right hand to feel the left breast with your right arm behind your head,
use your left hand to feel the right breast
6. stand up and feel your breasts againCommon Female
Diseases
During your first exam, get to know your
breasts. After the first exam,
feel for any changes.
If you notice any changes, do not panic. It is important you seek
medical attention.
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Heart Disease
• Risk factors include:
if you smoke
if you have diabetes
if you have high blood pressure
if you are over-weight
Common Female
Diseases
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Osteoporosis
• Risk factors include:
if you are a woman
if you have low bone mass
if you are older than the age of 50
Common Female
Diseases
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Colon Cancer
• Risk factors include:
if you have an unhealthy diet
− too much fat
− too little fiber
Common Female
Diseases
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Early Detection
• Visit the gynecologist regularly for a routine pelvic exam occurs once a year perform a Pap Test usually detecting
cancer
• Take extra precautions and seek regular checkups if family members have the disease
Common Female
Diseases
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Summary
• You should take care of yourself
• Have regular checkups with your doctors
Common Female
Diseases
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Quiz
1. All of the following are risks for heart disease EXCEPT?
A. you have diabetes
B. you have low blood pressure
C.you are over-weight
D.you smoke
2. All of the following are risks for breast cancer EXCEPT?
A. you diet is low in saturated fats
B. you wait to have kids
C.you consume moderate amounts of alcohol
D.your family has a history of breast cancer
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Quiz3. All of the following are not risks for osteoporosis EXCEPT?
A. you have diabetes
B. you are a woman
C. you have a low bone mass
D. you are older than the age of 50
4. All of the following are not risks for colon cancer EXCEPT?
A. you have an unhealthy diet
B. you eat too much fat
C. you consume moderate amounts of alcohol
D. your eat too little fat
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Quiz
5. Describe methods of early detection for breast cancer, heart disease osteoporosis and colon cancer.
Common Female
Diseases
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Discussion Questions
• How does all of this information make you feel?
• What kind of changes do you think boys your age are experiencing?
• How can you help someone who is going through puberty?
Home
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Acknowledgements
• http://health.allrefer.com• www.kidshealth.org• www.kotex.com• http://medlib.med.utah.edu• www.nlm.nih.gov• www.ohsuhealth.com• www.soc.ucsb.edu• www.teenshealth.org• www.teenweb.co.ke• http://kidshealth.org/kid/talk/qa/adams_apple.html• http://www.gyftclinic.com/faqs.html • http://www.mckinley.uiuc.edu/health-info/womenhlt/
tox-shoc.html
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Acknowledgements
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