1st Six Weeks CBA Review

World Geography

Geography is…

The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.

5 Themes of Geography

Location (#1 Theme) “Where is it?” Relative Location

Around the corner, take a left I live next to the Kroger on 518.

Absolute Location Coordinates – 29° 59' N, 95° 22' W 1324 Illinois Street

• Latitude – run parallel to the equator• Longitude – go around the earth over the poles

The grid system

1.Latitude – run parallel to the equator, measure distances north and south, called parallels

2.Longitude – go around the earth over the poles, measure distances east and west, 24 imaginary lines X 15° apart = 360°, called meridians

Place (#2 Theme)

“What is it like?” All the physical and cultural

characteristics of a place

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji

http://www.coara.or.jp/~mieko/39gold.htm

Region

“How are places similar or different?”

Formal

Functional

Perceptual

Human Environment Interaction

“How do people relate to the physical world?”

Learn to use what the environment offers

Change the environment to meet our needs

http://www.skagitriverhistory.com/Photo_Gallery/Flood%20Fight%2011-6-06%20(10).JPG

Movement

“How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?”

Linear distance Time distance Email – instantaneous

Geographer’s Tools

Globe – 3-D representation of earth Map – 2-D representation of earth

• Political map Defines borders Human-created features

• Physical map Shows landforms/bodies of water Nature-created features

http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa-map.html

Relief

The difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point• Mountains• Hills• Plains• Plateaus

As elevation increases, temperatures decrease

Contour Lines

• Lines on a map that show elevation above sea level

http://raider.muc.edu/~mcnaugma/Topographic%20Maps/contour.htm

Topography

The physical features of the earth’s surface

http://www.compassdude.com/topographic-maps.shtml

Topographic map with Contour lines

Structure of the Earth

Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the earth

Hydrosphere – all the water elements on the earth

Lithosphere – solid rock portion of the earth’s surface including crust and uppermost mantle

Biosphere – atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere combine to create habitat where animals and plants live

Ocean Currents

Ocean currents help determine• Temperatures in a climate• Precipitation in a climate

Ocean currents are caused by• Rotation of the earth• Wind/air currents• Differences in water temperature

Pangaea – the Supercontinent

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea

http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_7.asp

Tectonic Plates

http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm

Pacific Ring of Fire – about 80% of all earthquakes happen HERE

http://www.wnet.org/savageearth/hellscrust/html/sb3-ringfire.html

Plate Movement

Type

What it means

Example

Divergent

Plates move apart, spread horizontally

Between Saudi Arabia and Egypt

Convergent -subduction

Plates bump, one moves under the other

Coast of South America

Convergent –collision

Plates collide, crumble and build

Himalayas - mountain range connecting India to Asia

Transform Plates slide past each other

San Andreas Fault in Calif.

Landforms

http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect2/Sect2_1a.html

PrecipitationType What it does Where it

occursFrontal 2 air masses of

different temps or density meet

Middle latitudes

Orographic Falls on the windward side of hills or mountains, bypasses leeward side

Mountain ranges or large hills

Convectional Sun heats air, hot air rises, afternoon clouds form, rain falls

Tropical hot, moist climates

Typhoons

Extreme weather

Happen in Asia

Equal to American hurricanes

http://www.solar.ifa.hawaii.edu/Tropical/Gif/nwp.latest.gif

SeasonsSeasons are caused by the way Earth is tilted and how it revolves around the sun. Seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres.

Season Day Associated with

features

Winter Winter Solstice Shortest day

Spring Vernal Equinox Days/nights =

Summer Summer Solstice Longest day

Fall (Autumn) Autumnal Equinox Days/nights =

Southern Hemisphere

While the northern hemisphere celebrates summer, it is winter in the southern hemisphere.

In December (summer at the South Pole) in Antarctica, the days are very long.

It is still very cold, despite the long hours of sunlight.

Continents