1st Semester Exam Review

I. Credibility & BiasCredibility- Capable of being believed. Worthy of belief. Confidence. (Watch for Bias)CRAPP- Current, Reliable, Authority, Purpose, Point of View

Primary v Secondary Source

Primary- 1st person, was there-Is always credible, but can be biased- in their own words & point of view

• Secondary- Comment on or analysis of an original text• Not always credible

Reliability-Proven accurate, a source you can trust that contains correct informationBacked by facts not opinionsIs consistent with other information

Thesis- A position taken in an argument supported by a set of reasons- or main ideaSupport- Back up with detailsRefute- Prove wrong using evidence

II. EnlightenmentIdeas

Scientific Revolution- Apply Reason to natural world/ Question everything- Replaces the Church as the answers to scientific questions

Natural Rights/Laws- All people free, Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness

Government exists to protect your natural rights/People control Government/Change Bad Governments (Revolution)

Enlightenment Impact on America -Declaration of Independence= Failure of British to Protect our Natural Rights

US Constitution: Social Contract; Division of Power; Protection of Rights

Bill of Rights: Protection of Natural Rights

ThinkersJohn Locke- Natural Rights, Gov’t protect natural rights. Representative DemocracyThomas Hobbes- social contract, strong central gov’t, people evil. Absolute MonarchyBaron de Montesquieu- Separation of Powers, Representative Democracy

Enlightenment part 2Divine Right of Kings

-God picked the King/Queen-To go against King is to go

against God• Mercantilism-

-Government controls economy & Trade

-Has Colonies to make money-Goal: Positive balance of trade

= more Gold/Silver-Enlightenment: People should

decide what is to be produced & traded; no government interaction

Governments in the 1600s & 1700s dislike Enlightenment because:

-Don’t like their rule being questioned-Goes against tradition-Against Divine Right-People wield power/not the government-Calls for the overthrow of

bad governments-Called for a separation of

Church & State

III. Revolutions Part I

General Info

Revolution: major change in an area- Political, Economical, Socially… Political Revolutions & Enlightenment- our natural rights are not protected so replace that governmentBe able to compare & contrast revolutions

American Revolution• Causes:1. Stamp Act & Intolerable Acts2. Pamphlets- Common Sense3. Enlightenment4. Boston Tea Party5. Boston Massacre• Effects1. Influenced Other Revolutions2. Spread Democratic Ideas

Revolutions Part 2French Revolution

1. Causes:• Taxes on 3rd Estate-

98% of Population & Inequality amongst Estates

• American Revolution• Start: Storming of Bastille2. Effects:• Middle Class (bourgeois)

Gain Power• Nationalism• Spread of Revolutionary

Ideas

Latin American Revolution

1. Causes:

• Successful Revolutions in USA & France

• Spain Weakened by Napoleon• Creoles & Mestizos Upset

with Spanish1. Effects

• Spread of Nationalism• Outlawing of slavery in many

nations

IV. Industrial RevolutionAgrarian Revolution- more food,

fewer farmers needed- more workers for factoriesLaissez-Faire: “Hands-Off” Government does not get involved in economy: Free-Market economy: Supply & DemandIndustrialization: Go from handmade, highly skilled workers, to machine made- low skill workersLabor Unions- formed to address working conditions- gave a united front to factory owners/Factory Owners against- costly- do not want to be told how to run business

Why does it start in England?1. Geography- Resources2. Capital- Money3. Population Growth4. Technology

Needs of Industrialism1. Big Population

(Workers)2. Natural Resources3. Transportation

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Positive

More & Cheaper GoodsRise of Middle ClassClass MovementImportance of EducationUrbanization

NegativePoor Working ConditionsUnsanitary Conditions in CitiesLower class= no movementImperialism (Search for New Markets & Resources)Child Labor-Kids as young as 8 in factories-Cheaper & Small-Abuse/ Low Pay-Dangerous Conditions-No Education-Physical Problems

V. ImperialismThe take over or control of another nation or territoryOld Imperialism- Take colonies to set up extensions of mother countryNew Imperialism- take over for raw materials & markets for industrialism. Also as a symbol of power & prestigeNationalism & Imperialism: The Prestige & Honor of taking territories “Gamesmanship”

• Why European success?-Better Technology-Better Military-New Medicines

• Social Darwinism: “Survival of the Fittest” Western society “superior-” so force it upon the “inferior” countries. Also spread religion.

• Assimilation: Forcing a group of people to take on your customs & traditions. (Under Asia)

• Industrialism & Imperialism-Industrialism led to a need for more raw materials & new markets

-Led to Imperialism- exploit areas (Raw Materials in Africa

& New Markets in Asia)

Imperialism in Africa & Asia

AfricaWas imperialized because of its wealth of natural resources“White Man’s Burden” belief that it was the duty of Europeans to “civilize” & Christianize the “inferior” peopleGreat Game/Scramble for Africa: division of Africa by the European powers- take as much as land as possibleEffects:

-Positive: Access to European Technology & Schooling. Better Health Care, Economic Expansion (Done for Europeans living there)

Negative: Loss of culture, loss of political control , exploitation of land, borders based on European conquest instead of tribal borders

AsiaImperialized generally for its large population- access to marketsSphere of Influence: Areas of economic control carved out of China by the EuropeansEffects:

-Positive Effects Access to education & technology (railroads), hospitals. (All done for Europeans living there)

-Negative Effects- Loss of political control, economy tied to mother country- not needs of the citizens, exploitation. Collapse of governments. Culture hurt

Test StrategiesBe On TimeBring PencilAnswer correct questionShort & Extended Response:

1. Complete ideas2. Answer all parts of

question3. Answer what is asked4. I can only grade what is

on the paper

15% of grade- no floorStudy Session- may stop in morning of exam- let me know day before.