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Spanish North America

Ch. 1Section 2

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The GoalColumbus hoped to find a route to Asia by sailing west across the AtlanticRead “A Personal Voice” on p. 14 What is the other motive?

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Columbus

October 1492 Columbus reached

what he thought were the Indies A series of islands off

the coast of Asia He referred to the

people as, los indios (Indians)

He actually reached islands in the Caribbean Cuba and Hispaniola

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Columbus

Thrilled with his discoveries, the Spanish monarchs funded 3 more voyages New goal: colonize the

new lands

Europeans had already colonized other lands, so they knew the ropes

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Columbus

Spain’s Plan: Profit from a

plantation system Using natives as

forced labor Use innovative

European weaponry to dominate the native peoples

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Impact on Native Americans

Devastated by the arrival of the Europeans No immunity to

diseases: measles, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, typhus

Killed by the thousands

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Impact on AfricansAs Native Americans were killed by disease, new work force was needed Beginning of the

Atlantic slave trade

Devastated many West African societies By the 1800s, more

than 10 million Africans were taken as slaves

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Impact on Europeans

Europeans migrated to the new land by the thousands

Searched for a new life

National rivalries were created in Europe

Treaty of Tordesillas Spain and Portugal

agreed to divide the Western Hemisphere between them

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Trade

Columbian Exchange Global transfer of goods

that continues today See p. 15

Many new Spanish explorers made voyages to the Americas in search of gold and silver These conquistadors

conquered much of the Americas

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Hernando CortesLanded in Mexico in 1519

Learned of the wealthy Aztec Empire

Montezuma Aztec Emperor, believed

Cortes was a god Agreed to give a portion of

the gold to the Spaniards Cortes forced the Aztec to

mine for more gold and silver

The Aztec rebelled Cortes and his men stoned

Motezuma before being repelled by the Aztec

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Hernando Cortes

Cortes returned to Tenochtitlan with native allies Aztecs were

weakened by diseases

Spaniards burned the city after several months of fighting

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Spanish Conquest

Lived among the natives Hoped to impose their

culture on them Intermarried with

native women, formed a mestizo population Mixed Spanish and

Native American Forced them into labor

Encomienda system Natives worked the

land and mined for Spanish landlords

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Against EncomiendasNot all Europeans agreed with the harsh treatment of the natives

Read “Personal Voice” p. 18

In 1542, Spanish monarchy abolished the Encomienda system

However, it was still practiced long after this

Began using enslaved Africans to meet their labor needs

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Spain’s Golden Age

After the conquest of the wealthy Inca Empire in South America, Spain had gained a vast empire

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Missions

Missions were set up to convert the natives to Christianity

Spread throughout the empire, especially in Mexico and the Southwest

Many still stand today and are used

See the typical mission on p. 19

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Negative Effects of the Missions

Separated from families and culture

If you converted to Christianity, you were required to live inside the mission

Those who tried to leave were punishedGave up self-governmentAdopted European culture

Dress, food, etc.

Forced labor and abusedNot allowed to practice their own religion

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ResistancePueblo religious leader, Pope

Led an organized uprising against the Spanish in 1680

Destroyed Catholic churches, killed settlers and priests

Regained control for 12 years until the Spanish recaptured the area

In 1588, England defeated the Spanish Armada (naval fleet)

No longer did Spain dominate the Atlantic

England began to colonize North America

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In-class Activity/HW

Primary Source In-Depth Resources The Journal of

Christopher Columbus

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Video Clip

The Explorers: Columbus 20 min.