1. r. brown, 1840’s, showed the existence of the nucleus or “brain of the cell” 2. w. fleming...
TRANSCRIPT
1. R. Brown, 1840’s, showed the existence of the nucleus or “brain of the cell”
2. W. Fleming and E. Strasburger 1860’s, dark staining threads appeared to “dance” in nucleus before new cells formed, outlined the steps of mitosis3. A. Weismann in 1887 proposed meiosis for sex cells
A. HistoryI. Introduction
Cell Reproduction
1. Binary Fission
or by 2. Endospore Formation
Figure 12.12
Figure 27.5
A. Prokaryotes
II. Strategies
1. Asexual by mitosis
a. Animals
Advantage Disadvantage
i. Fission
B. Eukaryotes
ii. Budding
Figure 13.2
Figure 46.2
iii. Fragmenting
b. Plants do runners, budding, or spore formationc. Fungi do budding or spore formationd. Protists are just weird
b. Fungi same strategy as plantsc. Protists again weirdd. Animals
i. Parthenogenesis
ii. Simultaneous Hermaphrodite
Figure 46.5
Figure 12.6
1. Interphase
a. Gap1
(G1)b. S c. Gap2
(G2)
A. Definition
B. Stages
2. Divisiona. Mitosis or Meiosis
b. Cytokinesis
III. Cell Cycle
1. Prophase
a. Condense ChromosomesFigure 12.4 &
5
A. Definition
B. PhasesFigure 12.7
c. Build Spindle Fibersb. Dismantle Nuclear Membrane
IV. Mitosis
1. Animalsa. Cleavage
Furrowa. Cell Plate
Figure 12.10
2. PlantsA. Definition
B. Strategies
V. Cytokinesis
1. Karyotype
Figure 13.3
A. Definition
B. Terms2. Homologous Chromosomes
Figure 13.4
a. Diploid
b. Haploid
VI. Meiosis
Figure 13.11
A. Independent Assortment B. Crossing
Over
Figure 13.12
C. Random Fertilization
VIII. Variation from Meiosis
1. Whole chromosome
Figure 15.13
a. Anaphase I
A. Non-disjunction
Figure 15.13
b. Anaphase II
IX. Problems from Meiosis